The new species, Leiochrotella lequettei Hlaváč Kocian, sp. n., is described from Réunion. A synopsis of all Pselaphinae of the Mascarenes (Réunion, Mauritius and Rodriguez) is provided.
The species of the genus Acylophorus Nordmann, 1837 from Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands are revised. Four already known species are redescribed and four species are described as new: A. derougemonti sp. nov., A. hova sp. nov., and A. madecassus sp. nov. from Madagascar and A. mauritianus sp. nov. from Mauritius (Mascarene Islands). Characters of all these species are described and illustrated. A key for identification is presented. The hitherto known distribution of Acylophorus in Madagascar and Mascarene Islands is discussed and mapped.
- MeSH
- anatomické struktury zvířat MeSH
- brouci * MeSH
- ostrovy MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat * MeSH
- velikost orgánu MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Madagaskar MeSH
- Mauricius MeSH
- ostrovy MeSH
Several prominent evolutionary theories contend that religion was critical to the emergence of large-scale societies and encourages cooperation in contemporary complex groups. These theories argue that religious systems provide a reliable mechanism for finding trustworthy anonymous individuals under conditions of risk. In support, studies find that people displaying cues of religious identity are more likely to be trusted by anonymous coreligionists. However, recent research has found that displays of religious commitment can increase trust across religious divides. These findings are puzzling from the perspective that religion emerges to regulate coalitions. To date, these issues have not been investigated outside of American undergraduate samples nor have studies considered how religious identities interact with other essential group-membership signals, such as ancestry, to affect intergroup trust. Here, we address these issues and compare religious identity, ancestry, and trust among and between Christians and Hindus living in Mauritius. Ninety-seven participants rated the trustworthiness of faces, and in a modified trust game distributed money among these faces, which varied according to religious and ethnic identity. In contrast to previous research, we find that markers of religious identity increase monetary investments only among in-group members and not across religious divides. Moreover, out-group religious markers on faces of in-group ancestry decrease reported trustworthiness. These findings run counter to recent studies collected in the United States and suggest that local socioecologies influence the relationships between religion and trust. We conclude with suggestions for future research and a discussion of the challenges of conducting field experiments with remote populations.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- důvěra psychologie MeSH
- hinduismus psychologie MeSH
- křesťanství psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náboženství a psychologie * MeSH
- rozpoznání obličeje * MeSH
- skupinové procesy * MeSH
- sociální identifikace * MeSH
- sociální percepce * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Mauricius MeSH
How do people feel during extreme collective rituals? Despite longstanding speculation, few studies have attempted to quantify ritual experiences. Using a novel pre/post design, we quantified physiological fluctuations (heart rates) and self-reported affective states from a collective fire-walking ritual in a Mauritian Hindu community. Specifically, we compared changes in levels of happiness, fatigue, and heart rate reactivity among high-ordeal participants (fire-walkers), low-ordeal participants (non-fire-walking participants with familial bonds to fire-walkers) and spectators (unrelated/unknown to the fire-walkers). We observed that fire-walkers experienced the highest increase in heart rate and reported greater happiness post-ritual compared to low-ordeal participants and spectators. Low-ordeal participants reported increased fatigue after the ritual compared to both fire-walkers and spectators, suggesting empathetic identification effects. Thus, witnessing the ritualistic suffering of loved ones may be more exhausting than experiencing suffering oneself. The findings demonstrate that the level of ritual involvement is important for shaping affective responses to collective rituals. Enduring a ritual ordeal is associated with greater happiness, whereas observing a loved-one endure a ritual ordeal is associated with greater fatigue post-ritual.
- MeSH
- afekt fyziologie MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- chůze fyziologie psychologie MeSH
- hinduismus psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- požáry * MeSH
- rituální chování * MeSH
- rodina psychologie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence MeSH
- štěstí * MeSH
- únava patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Mauricius MeSH
Six new species of coccidia are described from endangered Phelsuma spp. geckoes (Sauria: Gekkonidae) endemic to Mauritius, Indian Ocean. Five new species (3 Eimeria and 2 Isospora species) are described from Phelsuma rosagularis Vinson et Vinson; all lack a micropyle and an oocyst residuum, and all have a sporocyst residuum. Oocysts of Eimeria swinnertonae sp. n. are ellipsoidal, 22.2 x 17.8 (20.8-24.8 x 16.8-18.4) microm; SI 1.25; polar granule absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 8.8 x 7.0 (8.0-9.6 x 6.4-8.0) microm; SI 1.3; Stieda body absent. Oocysts of Eimeria stebbinsi sp. n. are ellipsoidal, 17.4 x 11.7 (16.0-19.2 x 11.2-12.8) microm; SI 1.5; polar granules present. Sporocysts are elongate-ellipsoidal, 7.7 x 4.0 (7.2-8.0 x 3.2-5.6) microm; SI 1.9; Stieda body present. Oocysts of Eimeria raleighi sp. n. are spheroidal to sub-spheroidal, 17.0 x 15.5 (16.0-19.2 x 14.4-16.8) microm; SI 1.1; polar granule present. Sporocysts are sub-spheroidal, 7.8 x 6.6 (7.2-8.0 x 6.4-7.2) microm; SI 1.2; Stieda body absent. Oocysts of Isospora cottinghamae sp. n. are ellipsoidal, 19.8 x 15.5 (17.6-21.6 x 14.4-17.6) microm; SI 1.3; polar granules present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 10.8 x 6.9 (9.6-12.8 x 6.4-8.0) microm; SI 1.6; Stieda body present. Oocysts of Isosporapearlae sp. n. are ellipsoidal, 16.0 x 11.5 (15.2-17.6 x 9.6-12.8) microm; SI 1.4; polar granule present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 8.8 x 5.4 (8.0-9.6 x 4.8-6.4) microm; SI 1.6; Stieda and substieda bodies present. One new Eimeria species is described from the blue-tailed day gecko, Phelsuma cepediana Merrem. Oocysts of Eimeria hartleyi sp. n. are sub-spheroidal to ellipsoidal, 18.2 x 14.5 (16.0-20.8 x 13.6-16.0) microm; SI 1.26; polar granules present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal to cylindroidal, 7.5 x 5.3 (6.4-8.0 x 4.8-6.4) microm; SI 1.4; Stieda body present. We report the presence of tetrazoic spheroidal to sub-spheroidal oocysts or sporocysts 10.2 x 8.5 (9.9-10.4 x 8.3-8.8) microm; SI 1.2 from an individual of P. cepediana. These oocysts or sporocysts are significantly larger than the Cryptosporidium species so far described from reptiles, and likely represent excretion of spuriously ingested sporocysts of a Sarcocystis or Adelina coccidian.
- MeSH
- Eimeriidae cytologie izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- ještěři MeSH
- kokcidióza epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- spory protozoální MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Mauricius MeSH
- MeSH
- Culicidae imunologie parazitologie virologie MeSH
- horečka terapie virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- virus chikungunya imunologie izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Mauricius MeSH
Autoři referují o prvním prokázaném případu tropické horečky způsobené virem Chikungunya, importovaném do České republiky. Virus Chikungunya je členem rodu Alphavirus v rámci čeledi Togaviridae. Způsobem přenosu se řadí mezi arboviry, vektorem je komár rodu Aedes. Onemocnění se vyskytlo u 43 leté ženy po návratu z ostrova Mauritius, kde pobývala v době probíhající epidemie. Nákaza se projevila typickými klinickými příznaky, došlo k úplnému uzdravení. Virus Chikungunya jako původce onemocnění byl potvrzen sérologicky v Národní referenční laboratoři České republiky (NRL ČR) pro arboviry komplement-fixační reakcí (KFR).
The authors describe the first confirmed case of tropical fever caused by Chikungunya virus imported into the Czech Republic. As the virus belonging to the Aiphavirus genus of the Togaviridae family is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes it is classified as an arbovirus. A 43-year-old woman became ill following her arrival from the island of Mauritius where she had stayed during an epidemic. The patient presenting with typical symptoms of the disease recovered completely. Chikungunya virus as the etiological agent was confirmed serologically by the complement fixation reaction in the Czech National Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses
- MeSH
- Aedes virologie MeSH
- cestování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- virus chikungunya patogenita MeSH
- vzácné nemoci diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Mauricius MeSH
- MeSH
- Aedes MeSH
- cestování MeSH
- horečka diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- virus chikungunya patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Mauricius MeSH
- MeSH
- Aedes imunologie účinky léků virologie MeSH
- arnika účinky léků MeSH
- Atropa belladonna účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Rhus účinky léků MeSH
- Ruta účinky léků MeSH
- virus chikungunya imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indický oceán MeSH
- Mauricius MeSH
