The aim of this study was to characterize carotenoids and flavonoids present in French marigold flowers (Tagetes patula "Durango Red") as well as to assess the effects of harvest dates and postharvest treatments on these compounds. Carotenoids and flavonoids were quantified using their respective standards or semiquantified using relevant related standards. Lutein and its derivatives largely dominated the flower carotenoids, while the flavonoids were diverse with patuletin leading the list. Of the different postharvest treatments, ensilage leads to the highest content of carotenoids (from 5.0 to 7.8 g kg-1 dw) and flavonoids (from 19 to 50 g kg-1 dw). The composition of individual flavonoids was greatly influenced by different postharvest treatments, while the influence of harvest dates was secondary. Ensilage and drying induced separate metabolic pathways leading to degradation of high-molecular glycosidic compounds, converting the compounds either to their aglycones or into the intermediate flavonoid glycosides. We conclude that according to the intended industrial application, different postharvest techniques can be employed to acquire desired flavonoids on a large scale.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- flavonoidy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- karotenoidy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- květy chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- lutein chemie metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Tagetes chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Tagetes lucida, Schizandra schinensis,
- MeSH
- fytoterapie * MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * MeSH
- Schisandra MeSH
- Tagetes MeSH
- MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- fyziologie výživy MeSH
- karotenoidy klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lutein biosyntéza fyziologie metabolismus MeSH
- makulární degenerace patofyziologie MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- přijímání potravy MeSH
- sekundární prevence MeSH
- Tagetes MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- xanthofyly chemie MeSH
- zdravé chování MeSH
- životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
BACKGROUND: This study attempts to compare two possibilities of enhancing the colour of egg yolk. One of them is based on the ecological rearing of laying hens on natural green grass whereas the other uses a feeding dose supplemented with natural pigments in laying hens reared in individual cages. Is it possible to distinguish these two technologies using yolk colour determination in the CIELAB system? RESULTS: Yolk colour parameters such as L*, a*, and b* in the group of grazed hens are significantly different (α = 0.001) from those observed in hens reared in cages. The yolk colour shows a darker, redder and more yellow colour. The greatest difference was seen in the red colour parameter, a*, that increased more than twice. Visually, this means a shift towards a more orange colour. Compared to grazing in the meadow (ΔE* = 13.257), the addition of artificial pigments in the feed resulted in a more significant increase in the parameter ΔE* (CIE total colour difference), with the greatest value of ΔE* being observed with the use of both pigments (ΔE* = 24.265). CONCLUSION: Grazing increases the parameter a* whereas the values of the parameter C*(ab) remain relatively low. The parameter ΔE* is significantly lower in the case of grazing as compared to the supplementation of the feed with pigments. However, colourity parameters cannot be used as a specific standard to identify a particular grazing technology as their values vary during the laying period.
- MeSH
- biologické pigmenty aplikace a dávkování metabolismus MeSH
- chov zvířat MeSH
- inbrední kmeny zvířat MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- květy chemie MeSH
- lipnicovité metabolismus MeSH
- Tagetes chemie MeSH
- vaječný žloutek metabolismus MeSH
- xanthofyly aplikace a dávkování metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
