Ataxie‐telangiektázie (AT) je autozomálně recesivně děděné onemocnění charakterizované pomalu progredující mozečkovou ataxií, telangiektáziemi a zvýšenou citlivostí k ionizačnímu záření. Často se vyvíjí imunodeficit projevující se opakujícími respiračními infekcemi. Dalšími klinickými projevy může být okulomotorická apraxie nebo extrapyramidové projevy. Pacienti jsou predisponováni ke vzniku hematologických malignit i solidních nádorů. AT je nejčastější příčinou progresivní ataxie u dětí mladších 10 let. Cílem tohoto článku je upozornit na toto onemocnění a poukázat na diagnostiku a možnosti symptomatické terapie. Jako příklad uvádím dvě kazuistiky z našeho oddělení.
Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is an autosomal recessively disorder characterized by slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasia and heightended sensitivity to ionizing radiation. The condition often leads to immunodeficiency, presenting as recurrent respiratory infections. Other clinical manifestations may include oculomotor apraxia or extrapyramidal symptoms. Furthermore, patients are predisposed to hematological malignancies and solid tumors. In children under the age of 10, AT represents the most prevalent cause of progressive ataxia. This article aims to raise awareness of AT, providing an overview of its diagnosis and available options for symptomatic therapy. To illustrate these aspects, I present two case reports from our department.
- MeSH
- alpha-Fetoproteins analysis MeSH
- Apraxias diagnosis etiology classification MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Case Reports as Topic MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Interdisciplinary Communication MeSH
- Motor Disorders diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Ataxia Telangiectasia * diagnosis drug therapy genetics MeSH
- Telangiectasis diagnosis classification MeSH
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Augmentace hlasivek je miniinvazivní fonochirurgický výkon, který se využívá ke zlepšení uzávěru hlasivek při fonaci při fonační insuficienci do 3 mm. Fonační insuficience vzniká nejčastěji při obrně zvratného nervu nebo jako následek úbytku hmoty hlasivky ve vyšším věku (presbyfonie). V článku je prezentována kazuistika pacientky s presbyfonií, u které byla provedena augmentace hlasivek autologním tukem. Cílem je zdůraznit možnost využití augmentace autologním tukem u pacientů s presbyfonií při neúspěšné konzervativní léčbě.
Lipoinjection of vocal cords is a minimally invasive phonosurgical treatment, which is used to increase the volume of vocal cords if the glottal gap is less than 3 mm. Glottic gap is usually caused by paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve or as a result of vocal cord muscle atrophy in the elderly (presbyphonia). In this article, a case report of a patient with presbyphonia who underwent lipoinjection of the vocal cords is presented. The aim of this case report is to highlight the use of lipoinjetion of vocal cords in elderly patients with presbyphonia in case of unsuccessful conservative treatment.
- Keywords
- presbyfonie, augmentace hlasivek,
- MeSH
- Apraxias diagnosis classification therapy MeSH
- Autografts classification transplantation MeSH
- Phonation * MeSH
- Glottis * surgery pathology MeSH
- Vocal Cords surgery pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve pathology MeSH
- Vocal Cord Paralysis diagnosis classification therapy MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Apraxias * MeSH
- Speech-Language Pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Book Review MeSH
BACKGROUND: Cogan ́s syndrome is a rare, presumed autoimmune vasculitis of various vessels characterized by interstitial keratitis and vestibular impairment accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss. Due to the rarity of Cogan ́s syndrome in children, therapeutic decision making may be challenging. Therefore, a literature search was performed to collect all published paediatric Cogan ́s syndrome cases with their clinical characteristics, disease course, treatment modalities used and their outcome. The cohort was supplemented with our own patient. MAIN TEXT: Altogether, 55 paediatric Cogan ́s syndrome patients aged median 12 years have been reported so far. These were identified in PubMed with the keywords "Cogan ́s syndrome" and "children" or "childhood". All patients suffered from inflammatory ocular and vestibulo-auditory symptoms. In addition, 32/55 (58%) manifested systemic symptoms with musculoskeletal involvement being the most common with a prevalence of 45%, followed by neurological and skin manifestations. Aortitis was detected in 9/55 (16%). Regarding prognosis, remission in ocular symptoms was attained in 69%, whereas only 32% achieved a significant improvement in auditory function. Mortality was 2/55. Our patient was an 8 year old girl who presented with bilateral uveitis and a history of long standing hearing deficit. She also complained of intermittent vertigo, subfebrile temperatures, abdominal pain with diarrhoea, fatigue and recurrent epistaxis. The diagnosis was supported by bilateral labyrinthitis seen on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment with topical and systemic steroids was started immediately. As the effect on auditory function was only transient, infliximab was added early in the disease course. This led to a remission of ocular and systemic symptoms and a normalization of hearing in the right ear. Her left ear remained deaf and the girl is currently evaluated for a unilateral cochlear implantation. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents an analysis of the largest cohort of paediatric Cogan ́s syndrome patients. Based on the collected data, the first practical guide to a diagnostic work-up and treatment in children with Cogan ́s syndrome is provided.
- MeSH
- Apraxias * congenital MeSH
- Cogan Syndrome * complications diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Keratitis * diagnosis therapy complications MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural * diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Disease Progression MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Case Reports MeSH
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Apraxias diagnosis classification pathology MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological classification MeSH
- Functional Laterality physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Motor Skills * physiology MeSH
- Gait Disorders, Neurologic etiology classification pathology MeSH
- Motor Skills Disorders * diagnosis classification physiopathology MeSH
- Psychomotor Disorders diagnosis MeSH
- Mirror Neurons physiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Amnesia MeSH
- Apraxias diagnosis MeSH
- Mental Disorders diagnosis etiology pathology MeSH
- Executive Function * physiology classification MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Cerebral Cortex anatomy & histology pathology MeSH
- Brain Diseases diagnosis classification pathology MeSH
- Neuropsychological Tests MeSH
- Models, Theoretical MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Agnosia etiology physiopathology MeSH
- Agraphia etiology physiopathology MeSH
- Apraxias etiology physiopathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Cerebral Cortex * physiology physiopathology MeSH
- Neurologic Examination * classification methods MeSH
- Perceptual Disorders etiology physiopathology MeSH
- Body Image MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Facilitačně systémová terapie je uceleným terapeutickým systémem, vycházejícím z metodologické báze Lurijovy neuropsychologické školy, opírající se o Lurijovu představu fungování mozku, vychází z jeho odkazu i z díla mnoha jeho kolegů i následovníků. Je zároveň souborem postupů a metod reflektujícím potřeby současné české (a s mírnou jazykovou modifikací) i slovenské klinické logopedické afaziologické praxe. Vycházíme z přesvědčení, že v soudobé praxi je již všeobecně známo velké množství užitečných metod a pomůcek, které mohou pomoci v překonávání potíží plynoucích z fatických a kognitivních poruch, ale terapeutům v klinické logopedické či neuropsychologické praxi chybí jasné zdůvodnění, kdy a jak které terapeutické metody a pomůcky použít, jak důsledně kauzálně zdůvodnit použití konkrétní metody či přístupu v dané etapě vývoje fatické poruchy či naopak odmítnout určitou metodu v určitém čase pro její možný negativní vliv na reedukaci fatických a kognitivních funkcí. Zdůrazňujeme význam praktického výcviku v diagnostice a terapii z lurijovských pozic, a především nutnost tréninku tzv. soft skills, jež jsou další nezbytnou podmínkou zvyšování efektivity terapeutického procesu.
Facilitation-systemic Therapy is a comprehensive therapeutic system, founded on the methodological basis of Luria's neuropsychological school. It is based on Luria's idea of brain functioning, and on his legacy and the work of many of his colleagues and followers. Facilitation-systemic Therapy is also a set of procedures and methods reflecting the needs of contemporary Czech and (with a slight linguistic modification) Slovakian clinical speech therapy aphasiological practice. It is based on the belief that, in contemporary practice, there is already a widely known number of useful methods and aids that can help in overcoming the difficulties arising from fatal and cognitive disorders, but therapists in clinical Speech Therapy or neuropsychological practice lack a clear justification of when and how to use certain therapeutic methods and aids, how to consistently causally justify the use of a particular method or approach at a given stage of development of a phatic disorder or, conversely, how to reject a certain method at a certain time because of its possible negative effect on the re-education of phatic and cognitive functions. We emphasise the importance of practical training in diagnostics and therapy from Luria ́s positions and, above all, the need to train what are called the "soft skills", which are another necessary condition for increasing the effectiveness of the therapeutic process.
- MeSH
- Gait Apraxia diagnosis etiology physiopathology MeSH
- Apraxias diagnosis physiopathology MeSH
- Walking * physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Gait Disorders, Neurologic diagnosis classification physiopathology MeSH
- Neurologic Examination * methods MeSH
- Standing Position * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Primární progresivní afázie (PPA) vzniká v důsledku selektivní neurodegenerace především v oblastech jazykově dominantní mozkové hemisféry. Různá neurodegenerativní onemocnění mohou narušit procesy, jejichž správné fungování je zajištěno složitou jazykovou sítí v mozku lokalizovanou především v mozkové kůře, ale také v subkortikálních a hlouběji uložených oblastech mozku. Řečové/jazykové deficity jsou v iniciálním stadiu onemocnění prvním a dlouho i dominantním problémem, pro který mohou být pacienti s PPA výrazně limitováni v aktivitách každodenního života. V práci sumarizujeme charakteristiku tří variant PPA - nonfluentní/agra-matická, sémantická a logopenická varianta - primární apraxie řeči, které jsou popsány z pohledu lingvistických deficitů a současně vyskytujících se kognitivních poruch (neuropsychologický aspekt) a neuropsychiatrických, zejména behaviorálních problémů. Přinášíme klíčové informace, které mohou napomoci k rychlejší identifikaci uvedených symptomů v klinické praxi. Takto popsaný klinický obraz PPA je doplněn o údaje o fokální atrofii na MR a také sumarizací specifické neuropatologie PPA.
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) results from selective neurodegeneration mainly in the areas of the language-dominant hemisphere, disrupting processes whose proper functioning is ensured by a complex language network in the brain, localized mainly in the cortex but also in subcortical and deeper brain areas. Speech/language deficits are the first and long-term dominant problem in the initial stage of the disease, causing significant impairment in activities of everyday life in PPA patients. We summarize the most important aspects of PPA with special emphasis on the characteristics of three PPA variants - the nonfluent/agrammatic, semantic and logopenic variants -and primary apraxia of speech are described in terms of linguistic deficits and co-occurring cognitive disorders (neuropsychological aspects) and neuropsychiatric disorders, especially behavioral disorders. We provide information that can help to identify key symptoms more rapidly in clinical practice. The clinical picture of PPA is complemented by localization of brain atrophy on MRI and also by summarizing specific PPA neuropathology.
- Keywords
- sémantická varianta, logopenická varianta,
- MeSH
- Alzheimer Disease complications physiopathology MeSH
- Apraxias physiopathology MeSH
- Aphasia, Broca etiology physiopathology MeSH
- Frontotemporal Dementia physiopathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods MeSH
- Aphasia, Primary Progressive * diagnostic imaging classification physiopathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH