OBJECTIVE: The study objectives were (i) to explore the agreement between the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) ultrasound lesions of enthesitis and physical examination in assessing enthesitis in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and (ii) to investigate the prevalence and clinical relevance of subclinical enthesitis in this population. METHODS: Twenty rheumatology centers participated in this cross-sectional study. Patients with SpA, including axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), underwent both ultrasound scan and physical examination of large lower limb entheses. The OMERACT ultrasound lesions of enthesitis were considered, along with a recently proposed definition for "active enthesitis" by our group. Subclinical enthesitis was defined as the presence of "active enthesitis" in ≥1 enthesis in patients with SpA without clinical enthesitis (ie, number of positive entheses on physical examination and Leeds Enthesitis Index score = 0). RESULTS: A total of 4,130 entheses in 413 patients with SpA (224 with axSpA and 189 with PsA) were evaluated through ultrasound and physical examination. Agreement between ultrasound and physical examination ranged from moderate (ie, enthesophytes) to almost perfect (ie, power Doppler and "active enthesitis"). Patellar tendon entheses demonstrated the highest agreement, whereas Achilles tendon insertion showed the lowest. Among 158 (38.3%) of 413 patients with SpA with clinical enthesitis, 108 (68.4%) exhibited no "active enthesitis" on ultrasound. Conversely, of those 255 without clinical enthesitis, 39 (15.3%) showed subclinical enthesitis. Subclinical enthesitis was strongly associated with local structural damage. However, no differences were observed regarding the demographic and clinical profiles of patients with SpA with and without subclinical enthesitis. CONCLUSION: Our study underscores the need for a comprehensive tool integrating ultrasound and physical examination for assessing enthesitis in patients with SpA.

• MeSH
• Achillova šlacha diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• axiální spondyloartritida diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• entezopatie * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• fyzikální vyšetření * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• psoriatická artritida diagnostické zobrazování   komplikace   MeSH
• spondylartritida * diagnostické zobrazování   komplikace   MeSH
• ultrasonografie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The main objective was to generate a GLobal OMERACT Ultrasound DActylitis Score (GLOUDAS) in psoriatic arthritis and to test its reliability. To this end, we assessed the validity, feasibility and applicability of ultrasound assessment of finger entheses to incorporate them into the scoring system. METHODS: The study consisted of a stepwise process. First, in cadaveric specimens, we identified enthesis sites of the fingers by ultrasound and gross anatomy, and then verified presence of entheseal tissue in histological samples. We then selected the entheses to be incorporated into a dactylitis scoring system through a Delphi consensus process among international experts. Next, we established and defined the ultrasound components of dactylitis and their scoring systems using Delphi methodology. Finally, we tested the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the consensus- based scoring systemin patients with psoriatic dactylitis. RESULTS: 32 entheses were identified in cadaveric fingers. The presence of entheseal tissues was confirmed in all cadaveric samples. Of these, following the consensus process, 12 entheses were selected for inclusion in GLOUDAS. Ultrasound components of GLOUDAS agreed on through the Delphi process were synovitis, tenosynovitis, enthesitis, subcutaneous tissue inflammation and periextensor tendon inflammation. The scoring system for each component was also agreed on. Interobserver reliability was fair to good (κ 0.39-0.71) and intraobserver reliability good to excellent (κ 0.80-0.88) for dactylitis components. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement for the total B-mode and Doppler mode scores (sum of the scores of the individual abnormalities) were excellent (interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.98 for B-mode and 0.99 for Doppler mode; intraobserver ICC 0.98 for both modes). CONCLUSIONS: We have produced a consensus-driven ultrasound dactylitis scoring system that has shown acceptable interobserver reliability and excellent intraobserver reliability. Through anatomical knowledge, small entheses of the fingers were identified and histologically validated.

• MeSH
• delfská metoda MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• entezopatie diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• kloub prstu ruky * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mrtvola MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• prsty ruky diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• psoriatická artritida * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie proveditelnosti MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci * MeSH
• synovitida diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• tenosynovitida diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• ultrasonografie * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• validační studie MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To assess, in spondyloarthritis (SpA), the discriminative value of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) ultrasound lesions of enthesitis and their associations with clinical features in this population. METHODS: In this multicentre study involving 20 rheumatology centres, clinical and ultrasound examinations of the lower limb large entheses were performed in 413 patients with SpA (axial SpA and psoriatic arthritis) and 282 disease controls (osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia). 'Active enthesitis' was defined as (1) power Doppler (PD) at the enthesis grade ≥1 plus entheseal thickening and/or hypoechoic areas, or (2) PD grade >1 (independent of the presence of entheseal thickening and/or hypoechoic areas). RESULTS: In the univariate analysis, all OMERACT lesions except enthesophytes/calcifications showed a significant association with SpA. PD (OR=8.77, 95% CI 4.40 to 19.20, p<0.001) and bone erosions (OR=4.75, 95% CI 2.43 to 10.10, p<0.001) retained this association in the multivariate analysis. Among the lower limb entheses, only the Achilles tendon was significantly associated with SpA (OR=1.93, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.88, p<0.001) in the multivariate analyses. Active enthesitis showed a significant association with SpA (OR=9.20, 95% CI 4.21 to 23.20, p<0.001), and unlike the individual OMERACT ultrasound lesions it was consistently associated with most clinical measures of SpA disease activity and severity in the regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS: This large multicentre study assessed the value of different ultrasound findings of enthesitis in SpA, identifying the most discriminative ultrasound lesions and entheseal sites for SpA. Ultrasound could differentiate between SpA-related enthesitis and other forms of entheseal pathology (ie, mechanical enthesitis), thus improving the assessment of entheseal involvement in SpA.

• MeSH
• Achillova šlacha diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• entezopatie * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psoriatická artritida diagnostické zobrazování   komplikace   MeSH
• spondylartritida * diagnostické zobrazování   komplikace   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• ultrasonografie dopplerovská * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

Článek je věnován juvenilní spondyloartritidě (JSpA) (dříve nazývané Bechtěrevova nemoc), která je dle současné klasifikace řazena do podskupiny entezopatických (enthesis-related, ERA) juvenilních idiopatických artritid (JIA). Zmiňujeme diferenciální diagnostiku s důrazem na problematiku časné diagnózy a léčby, včetně možností příspěvku praktických lékařů pro děti a dorost (PLDD) v tomto procesu. Přinášíme kazuistiky dětských pacientů se spondylartritidou jako hlavním projevem ERA. Bolesti zad jako projev spondyloartritidy nebo sakroiliitidy mohou být prvním a jediným symptomem této podskupiny JIA. Někdy bývá přítomna i periferní artritida či entezitida. Část pacientů trpí uveitidou. Popisovaní pacienti dosáhli léčbou adalimumabem remise, nicméně jeden časně relaboval. U této podskupiny JIA je bohužel výskyt relapsů po ukončení léčby vysoký. Časná diagnóza je klíčem k úspěšné léčbě.

An article is focused on juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA) (previously Bechterev ́s disease) in childhood. The disease is included in enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) subgroup of JIA based on currently used classification. Differential diagnostics with stress on early diagnosis and therapy is described. It is also reviewed how general practitioners might contribute. Case reports of children with spondyloarthritis as a main symptom of ERA are presented. A back pain might be the first, and only symptom of ERA. In some patients peripheral arthritis or enthesitis are found. A proportion of patients suffers from uveitis. Here described patients reached remission using adalimumab, however one relapsed early. Unfortunately, early relapses in ERA subgroup of JIA are frequent after therapy termination. An early diagnosis is a clue to successful therapy.

• MeSH
• adalimumab terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bolesti zad etiologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• entezopatie diagnóza   farmakoterapie   klasifikace   MeSH
• HLA-B27 antigen analýza   imunologie   MeSH
• juvenilní artritida * diagnostické zobrazování   diagnóza   farmakoterapie   klasifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methotrexát terapeutické užití   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• sakroiliitida diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• spondylartritida diagnóza   farmakoterapie   klasifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: In the ULTIMATE study with an open label extension, we assessed the long-term effect of secukinumab at tissue level on synovitis and enthesitis, and across all psoriatic arthritis (PsA) manifestations, using both clinical evaluations and power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS). METHODS: This randomised, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 study (ULTIMATE) included biologic-naïve patients with PsA with active PDUS synovitis and clinical enthesitis, and inadequate response to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. The study consisted of 3 treatment periods; in the first period (baseline to week 12) patients were randomised to receive subcutaneous secukinumab (150 mg or 300 mg according to severity of skin psoriasis) or placebo every week until week 4 and once every 4 weeks up to week 12. In the second period (weeks 12-24) all patients received open-label secukinumab with placebo patients switching to secukinumab (150 mg or 300 mg). The third period (weeks 24-52) was an extended open-label treatment period. The long-term responsiveness of the Global EULAR-OMERACT Synovitis Score (GLOESS), clinical enthesitis and global PDUS-detected enthesitis score (using two candidate definitions of activity) at patient level, together with clinical efficacy across key manifestations of PsA and safety were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 166 patients enrolled, 144 completed week 52. A significant reduction in GLOESS was demonstrated in the secukinumab group vs placebo at week 12, followed by a stable reduction of synovitis until week 52 in the secukinumab group while placebo switchers from week 12 reached a similar level of reduction at week 24 with stability thereafter. Likewise, a significant reduction in the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) enthesitis index was shown in the secukinumab group vs placebo at week 12 with sustained improvement to week 52. Global OMERACT PDUS enthesitis scores were numerically lower in secukinumab vs placebo switchers in the first two treatment periods, with some stability in the third period in both groups. Improvements in clinical responses were also observed across all key domains of PsA up to week 52 in both treatment groups with no new or unexpected safety signals. CONCLUSIONS: ULTIMATE showed consistent improvements in clinically and ultrasound-assessed synovitis and enthesitis and sustained clinical efficacy through week 52 in patients with PsA treated with secukinumab and placebo switched to secukinumab.

• MeSH
• antirevmatika * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• entezopatie * diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psoriatická artritida * komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• synovitida * diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   chemicky indukované   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

• MeSH
• entezopatie diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• muskuloskeletální nemoci * diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• ortopedické výkony MeSH
• osteochondróza diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• osteonekróza diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• ostruha kosti patní diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• tendinopatie diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• tofacitinib,
• MeSH
• entezopatie * etiologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• inhibitory Janus kinas * farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psoriatická artritida * farmakoterapie   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

OBJECTIVE: ACHILLES aimed to demonstrate efficacy of secukinumab on Achilles' tendon enthesitis in spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients. METHODS: Patients ≥18 years (n = 204) with active PsA or axial SpA and heel enthesitis were randomized 1:1 to secukinumab 150/300 mg or placebo up to week 24, and thereafter placebo patients were switched to secukinumab. RESULTS: At week 24, a higher, yet statistically non-significant (P = 0.136), proportion of patients in secukinumab vs placebo reported resolution of Achilles tendon enthesitis in affected foot (42.2% vs 31.4%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.63; 95% CI: 0.87, 3.08). Proportion of patients reporting resolution of enthesitis based on Leeds Enthesitis Index was higher with secukinumab vs placebo (33.3% vs 23.5%; OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 0.85, 3.25) at week 24. Mean change from baseline in heel pain at week 24 was higher in secukinumab patients vs placebo (-2.8 [3.0] vs -1.9 [2.7]). Greater improvements with secukinumab were observed in heel enthesopathy activity and global assessment of disease activity. Imaging evaluation by local reading confirmed heel enthesitis on MRI at screening for all patients. Based on central reading, 56% presented with bone marrow oedema and/or tendinitis; according to Heel Enthesitis MRI Scoring System (HEMRIS) post hoc analysis, 76% had signs of entheseal inflammation while 86% had entheseal inflammation and/or structural changes. CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of patients showed no signs of inflammation on the centrally read MRIs despite a clinical diagnosis of heel enthesitis, thus highlighting that the discrepancy between the clinical and imaging assessments of enthesitis requires further investigation. Although ACHILLES did not meet the primary end point, the study reported clinically meaningful improvements in patient-related outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02771210.

• MeSH
• Achillova šlacha MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• entezopatie * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• spondylartritida * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the reliability of the OMERACT US Task Force definition of US enthesitis in SpA. METHODS: In this web exercise, based on the evaluation of 101 images and 39 clips of the main entheses of the lower limbs, the elementary components included in the OMERACT definition of US enthesitis in SpA (hypoechoic areas, entheseal thickening, power Doppler signal at the enthesis, enthesophytes/calcifications, bone erosions) were assessed by 47 rheumatologists from 37 rheumatology centres in 15 countries. Inter- and intra-observer reliability of the US components of enthesitis was calculated using Light's kappa, Cohen's kappa, Prevalence And Bias Adjusted Kappa (PABAK) and their 95% CIs. RESULTS: Bone erosions and power Doppler signal at the enthesis showed the highest overall inter-reliability [Light's kappa: 0.77 (0.76-0.78), 0.72 (0.71-0.73), respectively; PABAK: 0.86 (0.86-0.87), 0.73 (0.73-0.74), respectively], followed by enthesophytes/calcifications [Light's kappa: 0.65 (0.64-0.65), PABAK: 0.67 (0.67-0.68)]. This was moderate for entheseal thickening [Light's kappa: 0.41 (0.41-0.42), PABAK: 0.41 (0.40-0.42)], and fair for hypoechoic areas [Light's kappa: 0.37 (0.36-0.38); PABAK: 0.37 (0.37-0.38)]. A similar trend was observed in the intra-reliability exercise, although this was characterized by an overall higher degree of reliability for all US elementary components compared with the inter-observer evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this multicentre, international, web-based study show a good reliability of the OMERACT US definition of bone erosions, power Doppler signal at the enthesis and enthesophytes/calcifications. The low reliability of entheseal thickening and hypoechoic areas raises questions about the opportunity to revise the definition of these two major components for the US diagnosis of enthesitis.

• MeSH
• entezopatie * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• internet MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• ultrasonografie dopplerovská metody   MeSH
• ultrasonografie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• entezopatie * diagnostické zobrazování   imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pojivová tkáň diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• psoriatická artritida * diagnostické zobrazování   imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• spondylartritida diagnostické zobrazování   imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH