Fasciolóza je parazitární onemocnění způsobované dvěma druhy motolic rodu Fasciola. Jedná se o jednu z nejvýznamnějších parazitóz hospodářských zvířat, vzácná není ani nákaza člověka. Masivní používání léčiva triklabendazolu vedlo k tvorbě rezistentních kmenů fasciol, které jsou v současnosti velmi rozšířené. Proto se věnuje mimořádné úsilí vývoji vakcíny. Proteolytický systém fasciol se účast-ní řady procesů nezbytných pro parazita, od líhnutí miracidií přes pronikání tělem hostitele a ovlivňování jeho fyziologických procesů až po trávení živin. Z tohoto důvodu jsou proteolytické enzymy atraktivním cílem pro vývoj vakcín proti fasciolóze. Tento článek pojednává o nejdůležitějších proteasách fasciol a jejich použití jako vakcinačních antigenů.

Fasciolosis is a parasitic infection caused by two species of flukes from the genus Fasciola. It is considered one of the most important diseases of livestock, but human infection is also common. Massive usage of the drug triclabendazole led to the development of resistant flukes, which are currently spread out in many countries. Hence there is much effort put into development of vaccines against fasciolosis. Proteolytic system of Fasciola plays crucial role in number of processes such as hatching, tissue invasion, nutrient intake or modulation of the host physiology. For that reason proteases of Fasciola are attractive targets for vaccine development. This paper summarizes current knowledge about the most important proteases from Fasciola hepatica and their vaccination potential.

• MeSH
• Fasciola hepatica * enzymologie   parazitologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fasciolóza * patofyziologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• hospodářská zvířata MeSH
• kathepsin B antagonisté a inhibitory   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kathepsin L chemie   imunologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vývoj vakcíny MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

Infection with Fascioloides magna (Digenea) causes serious damage to liver tissue in definitive hosts represented by ruminants, especially cervids. The distribution of F. magna includes the indigenous areas in North America, and the areas to which F. magna was introduced-Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and Italy. The North American intermediate host of F. magna, the freshwater snail Pseudosuccinea columella (Lymnaeidae), is an invasive species recorded in South America, the Caribbean, Africa, Australia, and west and Southeast Europe. In Europe, Galba truncatula is the snail serving for transmission, but P. columella has potential to become here a new intermediate host of F. magna. Little is known about interactions between F. magna and P. columella. In this study, the susceptibility of P. columella (Oregon, USA) to the infection by a single miracidium of the Czech strain of F. magna and the influence of F. magna on snail fecundity, shell height, and survival were evaluated. The data show that the Oregon strain of P. columella is a highly suitable host for the Czech strain of F. magna, with the infection rate of 74 %. In addition, a negative effect on survival rate of infected snails was recorded only in the late phase of infection. The infection was accompanied by a major reduction in egg mass production and by a decrease in the number of eggs per egg mass. The shell height of infected snails did not significantly differ from that in unexposed controls.

• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• Fasciola hepatica klasifikace   genetika   patogenita   MeSH
• fasciolóza epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• fertilita MeSH
• hlemýždi parazitologie   MeSH
• játra parazitologie   patologie   MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• ovum parazitologie   MeSH
• vysoká zvěř parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Afrika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Austrálie epidemiologie   MeSH
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH
• Jižní Amerika epidemiologie   MeSH
• karibský region epidemiologie   MeSH
• Severní Amerika epidemiologie   MeSH

We have studied the influence of both levamisole (AL) and Freund's adjuvant (AF) on the immunisation of mice with the secretory antigens of adults of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758. Total IgG antibodies were detected in all groups where the F. hepatica antigen was administered, been levels of IgG1 increased respect to IgG2a antibodies. During immunisation, IL-4 and IFN-γ were only detected in AL and AF groups, but after infection, IL-4 boosted in all groups. IFN-γ increased two fold in AF and AL groups compared to the saline solution (AS) group. Worm recovering was of 32-35% in groups administered without antigen whereas in AS, AL and AF groups recovering was of 25%, 12% and 8%, respectively. Macroscopical lesions in the liver were scarce in AL and AF groups. Our data suggest that immunisation of mice with antigens of F. hepatica enhances the immune response avoiding both liver damage and worm establishment after challenge infection. The murine model of fasciolosis has appeared to be useful to elucidate the mechanism by which the parasite modulates immune responses toward a Th2 type but also the development of Th1 type-inducing vaccines.

• MeSH
• antigeny helmintové imunologie   krev   MeSH
• Fasciola hepatica imunologie   patogenita   MeSH
• fasciolóza farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• Freundovo adjuvans imunologie   MeSH
• imunomodulace účinky léků   MeSH
• játra patologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• levamisol * imunologie   MeSH
• Lymnaea parazitologie   MeSH
• metacerkárie MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• myši MeSH
• parazitární zátěž MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• techniky in vitro metody   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Experimental infections of Galba sp. (origin, Colombia) with allopatric isolates of Fasciola hepatica from France or Fascioloides magna from the Czech Republic were carried out during five successive snail generations to determine if this lymnaeid might sustain complete larval development of either parasite. In snails exposed to F. hepatica, 7 of 400 snails harboured several rediae and only two snails contained a small number of free cercariae on day 50 post-exposure. In contrast, the intensity of F. magna infection in Galba sp. progressively increased from the F1 to F5 generations. Spontaneous cercarial shedding of F. magna occurred in 7 of 100 Galba sp. belonging to the F5 generation and the number of shed cercariae did not differ significantly from that noted in control Galba truncatula of French origin. Galba sp. from Colombia can be added to the list of potential intermediate hosts for F. magna.

• MeSH
• Fasciola hepatica růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• Fasciolidae růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• fasciolóza parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• hlemýždi klasifikace   růst a vývoj   parazitologie   MeSH
• zdroje nemoci parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Francie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Fasciola hepatica is a parasite with a significant impact on ruminant livestock production. Previous studies in north-west Europe have described its geographical distribution and determined potential predictors of fasciolosis using geographical information system (GIS) and regression modelling. In Sweden, however, information about the distribution of fasciolosis is limited. This study examined the geographical distribution of F. hepatica and identified high-risk areas for beef cattle in Sweden and sought to characterise potential predictors. Beef cattle serum samples were collected during winter 2006-2007 from 2135 herds which were examined for F. hepatica antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fasciolosis distribution maps were created using GIS based on postcode location of seropositive herds. Spatial scan analysis (SaTScan) was performed to determine high-risk areas. Using datasets on animal density, temperature, precipitation and Corine land cover data, including soil type and soil mineral concentrations in Sweden, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out in R software to reveal potential predictors of F. hepatica infection. RESULTS: Overall herd seroprevalence of F. hepatica in beef cattle was 9.8 % (95 % CI: 8.6-11.1). An irregular spatial distribution of F. hepatica, with two main clusters, was observed in south-west Sweden. The most northerly occurrence of F. hepatica in the world was documented. The final model explained 15.8 % of the variation in F. hepatica distribution in study herds. Absence of coniferous forest was the variable with the highest predictive value. Precipitation in July-September, Dystric Cambisol, Dystric Regosol, and P and Cu concentrations in soil were other negative predictors. Beef cattle herd density, Dystric Leptosol and Fe concentration were positive predictors. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial distribution of F. hepatica in Swedish beef cattle herds is influenced by multi-factorial effects. Interestingly, absence of coniferous forest, herd density, specific soil type and concentration of some soil minerals are more important predictors than climate factors.

• MeSH
• fasciolóza epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci skotu epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• počasí * MeSH
• skot MeSH
• životní prostředí * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Švédsko MeSH

BACKGROUND: Population structure and genetic interrelationships of giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna from all enzootic North American regions were revealed in close relation with geographical distribution of its obligate definitive cervid hosts for the first time. METHODS: Variable fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1; 384 bp) and nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit I (nad1; 405 bp) were applied as a tool. The concatenated data set of both cox1 and nad1 sequences (789 bp) contained 222 sequences that resulted in 50 haplotypes. Genetic data were analysed using Bayesian Inference (BI), Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clades of F. magna, which separated the parasite into western and eastern populations. Western populations included samples from Rocky Mountain trench (Alberta) and northern Pacific coast (British Columbia and Oregon), whereas, the eastern populations were represented by individuals from the Great Lakes region (Minnesota), Gulf coast, lower Mississippi, and southern Atlantic seaboard region (Mississippi, Louisiana, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida) and northern Quebec and Labrador. Haplotype network and results of AMOVA analysis confirmed explicit genetic separation of western and eastern populations of the parasite that suggests long term historical isolation of F. magna populations. CONCLUSION: The genetic makeup of the parasite's populations correlates with data on historical distribution of its hosts. Based on the mitochondrial data there are no signs of host specificity of F. magna adults towards any definitive host species; the detected haplotypes of giant liver fluke are shared amongst several host species in adjacent populations.

• MeSH
• Fasciola hepatica klasifikace   enzymologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fasciolóza epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• přežvýkavci parazitologie   MeSH
• proteiny červů genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• respirační komplex IV genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• vysoká zvěř MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• provincie Québec MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

Spermatological characters of the liver fluke Mediogonimus jourdanei Mas-Coma et Rocamora, 1978 were studied by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Spermiogenesis begins with the formation of the differentiation zone containing two centrioles associated with striated rootlets and an intercentriolar body. These two centrioles originate two free flagella that undergo a 90° rotation before fusing with the median cytoplasmic process. Both nuclear and mitochondrial migrations toward the median cytoplasmic process occur before the proximodistal fusion of flagella. Finally, the constriction of the ring of arched membranes gives rise to the young spermatozoon. The mature sperm of M. jourdanei measures about 260 μm and presents two axonemes of different lengths with the typical pattern of the Trepaxonemata, two bundles of parallel cortical microtubules, one mitochondrion, a nucleus and granules of glycogen. An analysis of all the microphalloidean species studied to date emphasised some differences in certain characters found in Maritrema linguilla Jägerskiöld, 1908 and Ganeo tigrinum Mehra et Negi, 1928 in comparison to those in the remaining microphalloideans. The presence and variability of such ultrastructural characters according to family, superfamily or order have led several authors to propose their use in the analysis of trematode relationships and phylogeny. Therefore, apart from producing new data on the family Prosthogonimidae, the present study also compares the spermatological organization of M. jourdanei with other available ultrastructural studies focusing on the Microphalloidea.

• MeSH
• Arvicolinae parazitologie   MeSH
• Fasciola hepatica izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fasciolóza parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• nemoci hlodavců parazitologie   MeSH
• spermatogeneze MeSH
• spermie klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Experimental infections of Omphiscola glabra (preadult snails), originating from central France, to a Czech isolate of Fascioloides magna miracidia were carried out to determine if the local populations of O. glabra may ensure the larval development of this parasite and to compare these results with those noted for a natural snail host, Galba truncatula. The presence of experimentally infected snails was noted in the six populations of snails studied. However, only a few snails shed their cercariae (O. glabra 5.3 to 17.1%, G. truncatula 15.1% in the first population, and no shedding in the other). The shell heights of cercariae-shedding (CS) snails were significantly greater than those of other infected snails, for O. glabra as well as for G. truncatula. The number of metacercariae noted in each snail group was low and showed insignificant variations. When experimental infections of O. glabra were performed in relation to the shell height of snails (from 1 to 14 mm) at miracidial exposure, the prevalence of infected snails significantly decreased with increasing shell heights at exposure. However, the presence of CS snails was only noted from the 5-6 to the 9-10 mm groups, and the mean number of metacercariae per group ranged from 27 to 44.2. Despite the high infectivity of the Czech isolate of F. magna miracidia, there was an incomplete adaptation with the French G. truncatula and O. glabra used in this study, as the metacercarial production was low, and cercarial shedding only occurred for snails which showed a strong increase of their shell height during F. magna infections.

• MeSH
• dlouhověkost MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• Fasciolidae patogenita   fyziologie   MeSH
• fasciolóza parazitologie   MeSH
• hlemýždi klasifikace   růst a vývoj   parazitologie   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
• larva růst a vývoj   MeSH
• náchylnost k nemoci parazitologie   MeSH
• parazitární nemoci u zvířat parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Francie MeSH

• MeSH
• endemické nemoci MeSH
• Fasciola hepatica patogenita   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fasciolóza patologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech parazitologie   MeSH
• nadmořská výška MeSH
• skot MeSH
• stadia vývoje izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Bolívie MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• TRICLABENDAZOLE,
• MeSH
• Fasciola hepatica parazitologie   MeSH
• fasciolóza diagnóza   farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH