Medicinal plants are rich sources of valuable molecules with various profitable biological effects, including antimicrobial activity. The advantages of herbal products are their effectiveness, relative safety based on research or extended traditional use, and accessibility without prescription. Extensive and irrational usage of antibiotics since their discovery in 1928 has led to the increasing expiration of their effectiveness due to antibacterial resistance. Now, medical research is facing a big and challenging mission to find effective and safe antimicrobial therapies to replace inactive drugs. Over the years, one of the research fields that remained the most available is the area of natural products: medicinal plants and their metabolites, which could serve as active substances to fight against microbes or be considered as models in drug design. This review presents selected flavonoids (such as apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, kurarinone, and morin) and tannins (including oligomeric proanthocyanidins, gallotannins, ellagitannins, catechins, and epigallocatechin gallate), but also medicinal plants rich in these compounds as potential therapeutic agents in oral infectious diseases based on traditional usages such as Agrimonia eupatoria L., Hamamelis virginiana L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Quercus robur L., Rosa gallica L., Rubus idaeus L., or Potentilla erecta (L.). Some of the presented compounds and extracts are already successfully used to maintain oral health, as the main or additive ingredient of toothpastes or mouthwashes. Others are promising for further research or future applications.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky * farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• flavonoidy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny metabolismus   MeSH
• infekční nemoci * MeSH
• léčivé rostliny * metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• taniny metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The aim of this work is to determine the biological activity of ellagitannins rich extracts from leaves of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) in relation to cells and cell membranes. Detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds of the extract was made using chromatographic methods. Cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of tested extracts in relation to erythrocytes and human vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were determined by using fluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods. In order to establish the influence of the extracts on the physical properties of the membrane, such as osmotic resistance and erythrocytes shapes, mobility and/or hydration of polar heads and fluidity of hydrocarbon chains of membrane lipids, microscopic and spectroscopic methods were used. The results showed that the extracts are non-toxic for erythrocytes and HMEC-1 cells (up to concentration of 50 μg/mL), but they effectively protect cells and their membranes against oxidative damage. The increase in osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, formation of echinocytes and changes only in the polar part of the membrane caused by the extracts demonstrate their location mainly in the hydrophilic part of the membrane. The results indicate that tested extracts have high biological activities and may be potentially used in delaying the ageing process of organisms and prevention of many diseases, especially those associated with oxidative stress.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• endoteliální buňky MeSH
• erytrocyty MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny MeSH
• jahodník * chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové lipidy MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Rubus * chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of this publication is to compile a summary of the findings regarding punicalagin in various tissues described thus far in the literature, with an emphasis on the effect of this substance on immune reactions. Punicalagin (PUN) is an ellagitannin found in the peel of pomegranate (Punica granatum). It is a polyphenol with proven antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic and chemopreventive activities, antiproliferative activity against tumor cells; it inhibits inflammatory pathways and the action of toxic substances, and is highly tolerated. This work describes the source, metabolism, functions and effects of punicalagin, its derivatives and metabolites. Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are described.

• MeSH
• antiflogistika farmakologie   MeSH
• biologická dostupnost MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• imunosupresiva farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina ellagová analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolom MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

In Italy a particularly valuable chestnut is "Marrone di Roccadaspide", a protected geographical indication (PGI) product, deriving from a Castanea sativa cultivar, typical of Salerno province in Campania region. As chestnut industrial processes yield a large amount of shell by-products, in this study the possibility to retrain this waste food as potential source of bioactives was investigated. The ability of "Marrone di Roccadaspide" shell MeOH extract to modulate the pro-inflammatory transcriptional factor NF-κB after LPS stimulation, along with the antioxidant activity by a cell-based in vitro test, were evaluated. To correlate the NF-κB inhibition (67.67% at 5 μg/mL) and the strong antioxidant activity to the chemical composition, an analytical approach based on LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MSn along with NMR characterization of isolated compounds was developed. The identification of hydrolysable and condensed tannins, along with flavonoids, phenol glucosides, ellagic acid derivatives, and triterpenoids was accomplished. The most representative compounds were quantitatively analyzed by LC-ESI/QTrap/MS/MS, showing bartogenic acid as the compound occurring in the highest amount (103.08 mg/100 g shells). With the aim to explore the possibility to employ chestnut shells as suitable source of bioactives for the preparation of functional ingredients, the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of "eco-friendly" extracts (EtOH and EtOH:H2O 7:3) was finally evaluated, showing a high superimposability of the EtOH:H2O (7:3) extract to the MeOH extract.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   MeSH
• Fagaceae chemie   MeSH
• fenoly analýza   MeSH
• flavonoidy analýza   MeSH
• glukosidy analýza   MeSH
• hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny analýza   MeSH
• kalibrace MeSH
• kyselina ellagová analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• NF-kappa B metabolismus   MeSH
• ořechy chemie   MeSH
• proantokyanidiny analýza   MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• racionalizace * MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty analýza   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• taniny analýza   MeSH
• triterpeny analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie MeSH

Mineralization of hydrogel biomaterials with calcium phosphate (CaP) is considered advantageous for bone regeneration. Mineralization can be both induced by the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and promoted by calcium-binding biomolecules, such as plant-derived polyphenols. In this study, ALP-loaded gellan gum (GG) hydrogels were enriched with gallotannins, a subclass of polyphenols. Five preparations were compared, namely three tannic acids of differing molecular weight (MW), pentagalloyl glucose (PGG), and a gallotannin-rich extract from mango kernel (Mangifera indica L.). Certain gallotannin preparations promoted mineralization to a greater degree than others. The various gallotannin preparations bound differently to ALP and influenced the size of aggregates of ALP, which may be related to ability to promote mineralization. Human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells grew in eluate from mineralized hydrogels. Gallotannin incorporation impeded cell growth on hydrogels and did not impart antibacterial activity. In conclusion, gallotannin incorporation aided mineralization but reduced cytocompatibility.

• MeSH
• alkalická fosfatasa metabolismus   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální polysacharidy MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
• biomimetika metody   MeSH
• fosforečnany vápenaté MeSH
• fyziologická kalcifikace účinky léků   MeSH
• hydrogely chemie   MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Mangifera chemie   MeSH
• minerály chemie   MeSH
• osteoblasty metabolismus   MeSH
• polyfenoly chemie   MeSH
• polysacharidy chemie   MeSH
• regenerace kostí MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   MeSH
• rostliny metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study has observed possible effect of ellagitannins - compounds from pomegranate on process of steroidogenesis in ovaries. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible effect of punicalagin on secretion of steroid hormones - progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and 17beta-estradiol by ovarian fragments of rabbits in vitro. Ovarian fragments from sexually mature female New Zealand white rabbits (n=20) were incubated without (control group) or with punicalagin at various doses 1, 10 and 100 microg.ml(-1) for 24 h. Hormones were evaluated by ELISA (The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Data showed that progesterone and 17beta-estradiol (but not androstenedione and testosterone) release by rabbit ovarian fragments was significantly affected by punicalagin addition at various doses. Punicalagin (at 100 microg.ml(-1)) significantly (P<0.05) increased progesterone secretion. On the other hand, the release of 17beta-estradiol was significantly (P<0.005) decreased by punicalagin addition (at 10 microg.ml(-1)). Our results suggest that punicalagin could have dose-dependent impact on secretion of steroid hormones progesterone and 17beta-estradiol by rabbit ovarian fragments and it may be effector in process of ovarian steroidogenesis.

• MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• Lythraceae chemie   MeSH
• ovarium účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• pohlavní steroidní hormony biosyntéza   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Strategies are sought to reduce intestinal colonisation of food-producing animals by Campylobacter jejuni, a leading bacterial cause of human foodborne illness worldwide. Presently, we tested the antimicrobial activity of hydrolysable-rich blackberry, cranberry and chestnut tannin extracts and condensed tannin-rich mimosa, quebracho and sorghum tannins (each at 100 mg/mL) against C. jejuni via disc diffusion assay in the presence of supplemental casamino acids. We found that when compared to non-tannin-treated controls, all tested tannins inhibited the growth of C. jejuni and that inhibition by the condensed tannin-rich mimosa and quebracho extracts was mitigated in nutrient-limited medium supplemented with casamino acids. When tested in broth culture, both chestnut and mimosa extracts inhibited growth of C. jejuni and this inhibition was much greater in nutrient-limited than in full-strength medium. Consistent with observations from the disc diffusion assay, the inhibitory activity of the condensed tannin-rich mimosa extracts but not the hydrolysable tannin-rich chestnut extracts was mitigated by casamino acid supplementation to the nutrient-limited medium, likely because the added amino acids saturated the binding potential of the condensed tannins. These results demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of various hydrolysable and condensed tannin-rich extracts against C. jejuni and reveal that condensed tannins may be less efficient than hydrolysable tannins in controlling C. jejuni in gut environments containing high concentrations of amino acids and soluble proteins.

• MeSH
• Aesculus chemie   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Campylobacter jejuni účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• diskové difúzní antimikrobiální testy MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny farmakologie   MeSH
• kampylobakterové infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• proantokyanidiny farmakologie   MeSH
• Rosaceae chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• Vaccinium macrocarpon chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Natural polyphenols are a wide class of secondary plant metabolites and represent an abundant antioxidant component of human diet. An important, but often neglected group of natural polyphenols, are tannins. This review offers a general description of chemistry of both hydrolysable and condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), the mechanisms of their antioxidation action, like free radical scavenging activity, chelation of transition metals, inhibition of prooxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation. The mechanisms of action of antibacterial, antiviral, anticarcinogenic, cardiovascular system preventing, and antiinflammatory effects as well as the absorption, metabolic fate and positive in vivo effects of tannins are enclosed.

• MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní farmakologie   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antiinfekční látky farmakologie   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antikarcinogenní látky farmakologie   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny farmakologie   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• křenová peroxidasa antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipoxygenasa účinky léků   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• zdraví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH