Vápník a fosfor jsou důležitými minerály, na jejichž metabolismu a homeostáze se v organismu podílí celá řada hormonů a orgánů, zejména skelet, příštítná tělíska, gastrointestinální trakt a ledviny. Poruchy fosfokalciového metabolismu mohou být spojeny s nefyziologickými koncentracemi těchto minerálů v séru, patologickými ději v kostní tkáni a poruchami hlavních regulačních systémů, hlavně příštítných tělísek, ledvin a gastrointestinálního traktu.
Calcium and phosphorus are important minerals whose metabolism and homeostasis in the body involve many hormones and organs, especially the skeleton, parathyroid glands, digestive tract and kidneys. Disturbances in phospho-calcium metabolism may be associated with non-physiological serum concentrations of these minerals, pathological processes in bone tissue, and disturbances in major regulatory systems, particularly the parathyroid glands, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
- MeSH
- Phosphorus * blood MeSH
- Hyperphosphatemia diagnosis complications MeSH
- Hypercalcemia diagnosis drug therapy complications MeSH
- Hypophosphatemia diagnosis complications MeSH
- Hypocalcemia diagnosis drug therapy complications MeSH
- Calcitriol blood metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Metabolic Diseases diagnosis drug therapy complications metabolism MeSH
- Vitamin D Deficiency diagnosis drug therapy blood MeSH
- Calcium * blood MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Kidney Failure, Chronic diet therapy complications metabolism MeSH
- Renal Dialysis methods adverse effects MeSH
- Hyperphosphatemia epidemiology etiology prevention & control MeSH
- Menu Planning MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nutrition Therapy methods MeSH
- Malnutrition epidemiology etiology prevention & control MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Kidney Failure, Chronic complications MeSH
- Hyperphosphatemia etiology mortality MeSH
- Calcinosis MeSH
- Cardiovascular Diseases drug therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Kidney Diseases complications MeSH
- Heart Disease Risk Factors MeSH
- Heart Failure drug therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Metabolická osteopatie při onemocnění a selhání funkce ledvin představuje jednu z nejzávažnějších klinických komplikací nefrologických a zejména dialyzovaných pacientů. V klasickém pojetí se jedná o kostní změny při sekundární hyperparathyreóze (SHPT). Stejné patogenetické mechanismy však poškozují i srdce a cévy, což zohledňuje koncept CKD-MBD. V současné době je stále větší pozornost věnována i jiným kostním změnám, zejména osteoporóze, neboť rizikové faktory osteoporózy se uplatňují i u nefrologických pacientů. Výsledné kostní postižení při selhání ledvin je mnohem komplikovanější, než se jevilo v minulosti. Sekundární hyperparathyreóza však zůstává hlavním patogenetickým faktorem.
Metabolic bone disease in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure represents one of the most severe clinical complication in kidney patients, namely those on maintenance dialysis. Traditionally, bone changes are induced by secondary hyperparathyroidism. The CKD-MBD concept reflects the link between bone and cardiovascular disease in these patients. Studies documented also other bone pathological pathways in renal patients, such as osteoporosis, as in kidney and dialysis patients its risk factors are present as well as in general population. Resulting bone disease in renal disease and failure is far more complex than previously seen. However, the secondary hyperparathyroidism still represents the main pathological pathway.
- MeSH
- Kidney Failure, Chronic complications physiopathology MeSH
- Fibroblast Growth Factors physiology MeSH
- Phosphorus, Dietary adverse effects MeSH
- Hyperphosphatemia etiology MeSH
- Hypocalcemia physiopathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder * diagnosis physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Parathyroid Hormone MeSH
- Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary complications physiopathology MeSH
- Vascular Calcification physiopathology MeSH
- Vitamin D physiology therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Surgical Wound therapy MeSH
- Hyperphosphatemia diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Hypercalcemia diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Calciphylaxis * diagnosis complications MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Parathyroidectomy MeSH
- Postanesthesia Nursing MeSH
- Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Práce je zaměřena na toxicitu fosforu při nemocech a zejména selhání ledvin. Před 20 lety byla poprvé publikována souvislost mezi hyperfosfatemií a mortalitou. Krátce poté byla zjištěna souvislost mezi fosforem a kardiovaskulárními komplikacemi při selhání ledvin. Fosfor má aktivní roli v kalcifikaci cév, mění fenotyp buněk hladké cévní svaloviny a do vzniklé matrix se ukládá spolu s vápníkem. Akumulaci fosforu se organismus dlouho brání, avšak zprvu adaptivní mechanismy (elevace FGF-23 a PTH) se při selhání ledvin stávají rovněž toxické. Pro snížení koncentrace fosforu v organismu využíváme dietní opatření, vazače fosforu v zažívacím traktu, a dialyzační eliminaci. Přes všechna pozorování, experimentální i klinické studie s mnoha objevy v předchozích 20 letech, vztah mezi poruchou minerálové a kostní poruchy a kardiovaskulárním poškozením stále není dořešen.
This article focuses on phosphate toxicity in kidney disease and namely in kidney failure. Twenty years ago, the first article documenting the link between hyperphosphatemia and mortality, was published. Shortly after, the association between phosphate and cardiovascular complications in kidney failure was demonstrated. Phosphate itself plays an active role in vascular calcifications. It induces phenotypic changes in vascular smooth muscle cells giving rise a matrix with consequent phosphate and calcium accumulation. The body is fighting again phosphate load. Initially, these mechanisms are adaptive (PTH and FGF-23 elevation). In kidney failure, they become toxic. Dietary measures, gastrointestinal phosphate binders and dialysis elimination are used for correction of hyperphosphatemia. Despite all observations, experimental and clinical studies with many discoveries, the relation between mineral and bone disorder and cardiovascular damage, remains still not fully solved.
- MeSH
- Phosphorus adverse effects MeSH
- Hyperphosphatemia etiology complications MeSH
- Calcinosis etiology complications MeSH
- Cardiovascular Diseases etiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder * complications MeSH
- Vascular Calcification etiology complications MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Keywords
- vazače fosfátů,
- MeSH
- Chelating Agents pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Kidney Failure, Chronic * complications physiopathology MeSH
- Renal Dialysis methods MeSH
- Fibroblast Growth Factors physiology MeSH
- Phosphates antagonists & inhibitors metabolism adverse effects MeSH
- Phosphorus, Dietary administration & dosage adverse effects MeSH
- Hemodiafiltration methods MeSH
- Hyperphosphatemia * etiology drug therapy therapy MeSH
- Hyperparathyroidism etiology complications physiopathology MeSH
- Lanthanum pharmacology adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Sucrose analogs & derivatives MeSH
- Sevelamer pharmacology adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Aluminum Compounds adverse effects MeSH
- Calcium Compounds adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Iron Compounds pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Alkaline Phosphatase analysis physiology MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Phosphorus analysis metabolism MeSH
- Magnesium analysis metabolism MeSH
- Hyperphosphatemia etiology pathology therapy MeSH
- Hypercalcemia etiology drug therapy classification therapy MeSH
- Hypophosphatemia etiology classification pathology therapy MeSH
- Hypocalcemia diagnosis etiology drug therapy pathology therapy MeSH
- Skeleton growth & development MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Metabolic Diseases * diagnosis etiology drug therapy classification therapy MeSH
- Infant, Newborn * MeSH
- Calcium analysis metabolism MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn * MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Fosfátový roztok se běžně používá na neonatologických jednotkách v léčbě metabolického kostního onemocnění nedonošených novorozenců. Otravy jsou naštěstí raritní záležitostí, mohou ale vést k akutnímu život ohrožujícímu stavu. Tato kazuistika popisuje otravu fosfátovým roztokem novorozence po propuštění do domácí péče.
Phosphate solution is commonly used in a neonatology department unit to treat metabolic bone disease of prematurity. Fortunately intoxication with phosphate solution are rare but serious situation, which can lead to life-threatening event. This case report presents the course and treatment of intoxication by phosphate solution after discharging from neonatology department.
- MeSH
- Phosphates adverse effects therapeutic use toxicity MeSH
- Hyperphosphatemia * diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Hypocalcemia therapy MeSH
- Pharmaceutical Solutions adverse effects therapeutic use toxicity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Premature MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH