BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle alterations are associated with higher mortality and morbidity in patients with liver cirrhosis. Assessing these changes seems to be a promising method for identifying patients at a high risk of poor outcomes following liver transplantation (LT). This is particularly important given the current global shortage of organ donors. However, evidence of the impact of these alterations on the prognosis of patients undergoing LT is inconclusive. The aim of our prospective study was to evaluate the impact of skeletal muscle changes, reflected in sarcopenia, myosteatosis and metabolic changes in the calf muscles, on perioperative outcomes and long-term survival after LT. We also sought to determine the posttransplant evolution of the resting muscle metabolism. METHODS: We examined 134 adult LT candidates. Of these, 105 underwent LT. Sarcopenia and myosteatosis were diagnosed by measuring the skeletal muscle index and mean psoas muscle radiation attenuation, respectively, which were obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans taken during pretransplant assessment. Additionally, patients underwent 31P MR spectroscopy (MRS) of the calf muscles at rest before LT and 6, 12 and 24 months thereafter. The median follow-up was 6 years. RESULTS: Patients with abnormal 31P MRS results and CT-diagnosed myosteatosis prior to LT had significantly worse long-term survival after LT (hazard ratio (HR), 3.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48-7.60; p = 0.0021 and HR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.06-6.29; p = 0.03, respectively). Multivariable analysis showed that abnormal 31P MR spectra (HR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.50-7.71; p = 0.003) were a better predictor of worse long-term survival after LT than myosteatosis (HR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.14-6.78; p = 0.025). Patients with abnormal 31P MR spectra had higher blood loss during LT (p = 0.038), required a higher number of red blood cell transfusions (p = 0.006) and stayed longer in ICU (p = 0.041) and hospital (p = 0.007). Myosteatosis was associated with more revision surgeries following LT (p = 0.038) and a higher number of received red blood cell transfusion units (p = 0.002). Sarcopenia had no significant effect on posttransplant patient survival. An improvement in the resting metabolism of the calf muscles was observed at 12 and 24 months after LT. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal 31P MRS results of calf muscles were superior to CT-based diagnosis of myosteatosis and sarcopenia in predicting perioperative complications and long-term survival after LT. Resting muscle metabolism normalized 1 year after LT in most recipients.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kosterní svaly * diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie * metody MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie * metody MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- sarkopenie etiologie metabolismus MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transplantace jater * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare malignancy posing significant diagnostic and management challenges. This review provides an overview of the evidence supporting various imaging modalities and offers insights into future innovations in UTUC imaging. RECENT FINDINGS: With the growing use of advancements in computed tomography (CT) technologies for both staging and follow-up of UTUC patients, continuous innovations aim to enhance performance and minimize the risk of excessive exposure to ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast medium. In patients unable to undergo CT, magnetic resonance imaging serves as an alternative imaging modality, though its sensitivity is lower than CT. Positron emission tomography, particularly with innovative radiotracers and theranostics, has the potential to significantly advance precision medicine in UTUC. Endoscopic imaging techniques including advanced modalities seem to be promising in improved visualization and diagnostic accuracy, however, evidence remains scarce. Radiomics and radiogenomics present emerging tools for noninvasive tumor characterization and prognosis. SUMMARY: The landscape of imaging for UTUC is rapidly evolving, with significant advancements across various modalities promising improved diagnostic accuracy, patient outcomes, and safety.
- MeSH
- karcinom z přechodných buněk * diagnóza diagnostické zobrazování terapie patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- nádory ledvin diagnostické zobrazování terapie diagnóza patologie MeSH
- nádory močovodu diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza terapie patologie MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody MeSH
- pozitronová emisní tomografie metody MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- urologické nádory diagnóza diagnostické zobrazování terapie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
PURPOSE: Dual velocity encoding PC-MRI can produce spurious artifacts when using high ratios of velocity encoding values (VENCs), limiting its ability to generate high-quality images across a wide range of encoding velocities. This study aims to propose and compare dual-VENC correction methods for such artifacts. THEORY AND METHODS: Two denoising approaches based on spatiotemporal regularization are proposed and compared with a state-of-the-art method based on sign correction. Accuracy is assessed using simulated data from an aorta and brain aneurysm, as well as 8 two-dimensional (2D) PC-MRI ascending aorta datasets. Two temporal resolutions (30,60) ms and noise levels (9,12) dB are considered, with noise added to the complex magnetization. The error is evaluated with respect to the noise-free measurement in the synthetic case and to the unwrapped image without additional noise in the volunteer datasets. RESULTS: In all studied cases, the proposed methods are more accurate than the Sign Correction technique. Using simulated 2D+T data from the aorta (60 ms, 9 dB), the Dual-VENC (DV) error 0.82±0.07$$ 0.82\pm 0.07 $$ is reduced to: 0.66±0.04$$ 0.66\pm 0.04 $$ (Sign Correction); 0.34±0.04$$ 0.34\pm 0.04 $$ and 0.32±0.04$$ 0.32\pm 0.04 $$ (proposed techniques). The methods are found to be significantly different (p-value <0.05$$ <0.05 $$ ). Importantly, brain aneurysm data revealed that the Sign Correction method is not suitable, as it increases error when the flow is not unidirectional. All three methods improve the accuracy of in vivo data. CONCLUSION: The newly proposed methods outperform the Sign Correction method in improving dual-VENC PC-MRI images. Among them, the approach based on temporal differences has shown the highest accuracy.
- MeSH
- algoritmy * MeSH
- aorta * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- artefakty * MeSH
- fantomy radiodiagnostické MeSH
- interpretace obrazu počítačem metody MeSH
- intrakraniální aneurysma diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody MeSH
- mozek diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu * metody MeSH
- poměr signál - šum * MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Five cases of patients with systemic connective tissue diseases (CTD) who developed connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) are reported here. Unspecified ILD was diagnosed using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Histologically, all cases were usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) with findings of advanced (3/5) to diffuse (2/5) fibrosis, with a partially (4/5) to completely (1/5) formed image of a honeycomb lung. The fibrosis itself spread subpleurally and periseptally to more central parts (2/5) of the lung, around the alveolar ducts (2/5), or even without predisposition (1/5). Simultaneously, there was architectural reconstruction based on the mutual fusion of fibrosis without compression of the surrounding lung parenchyma (1/5), or with its compression (4/5). The whole process was accompanied by multifocal (1/5), dispersed (2/5), or organized inflammation in aggregates and lymphoid follicles (2/5). As a result of continuous fibroproduction and maturation of the connective tissue, the alveolar septa thickened, delimiting groups of alveoli that merged into air bullae. Few indistinctly visible (2/5), few clearly visible (1/5), multiple indistinctly visible (1/5), and multiple clearly visible (1/5) fibroblastic foci were present. Among the concomitant changes, areas of emphysema, bronchioloectasia, and bronchiectasis, as well as bronchial and vessel wall hypertrophy, and mucostasis in the alveoli and edema were observed. The differences in the histological appearance of usual interstitial pneumonia associated with systemic connective tissue diseases (CTD-UIP) versus the pattern associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF-UIP) are discussed here. The main differences lie in spreading lung fibrosis, architectural lung remodeling, fibroblastic foci, and inflammatory infiltrates.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- idiopatická plicní fibróza patologie komplikace MeSH
- intersticiální plicní nemoci * patologie komplikace MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci pojiva * patologie komplikace MeSH
- plíce patologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Ischemické cievne mozgové príhody v zadnej cirkulácii predstavujú 20 % až 25 % všetkých ischemických mozgových príhod. Stanovenie diagnózy znamená výzvu najmä pri nešpecifickom a menej závažnom klinickom obraze. Môže byť ovplyvnené aj nízkou senzitivitou CT vyšetrenia v akútnej fáze mozgovej príhody. Nesprávna alebo oneskorená diagnostika ohrozuje pacientov vysokým rizikom skorej recidívy a zhoršuje ich výsledný klinický stav. Všeobecné zásady liečby sú rovnaké ako u pacientov s postihnutím prednej mozgovej cirkulácie. Intravenózna trombolýza zlepšila prognózu pacientov bez zvýšeného rizika komplikácií. Endovaskulárna liečba oklúzie arteria basilaris znížila úmrtnosť a mieru invalidizácie pacientov, stále však prevažná časť pacientov prežíva s rôznou mierou invalidizácie alebo zomiera.
Ischemic strokes in the posterior circulation represent 20 % to 25 % of all ischemic strokes. Making the diagnosis could be difficult, especially with a non-specific and less serious clinical picture. Low sensitivity of CT examination in the acute phase of stroke can complicate diagnosis. Incorrect or delayed diagnosis puts patients at high risk of early recurrence and worsens their clinical condition. The general principles of treatment are the same as for patients with lesions of the anterior cerebral circulation. Intravenous thrombolysis improved the prognosis of patients without an increased risk of complications. Endovascular treatment of basilar artery occlusion has reduced patient mortality and disability rates, but most patients nonetheless either survive with varying degrees of disability or die.
- MeSH
- arteria basilaris * patologie účinky léků MeSH
- endovaskulární výkony klasifikace metody MeSH
- ischemická cévní mozková příhoda * diagnóza farmakoterapie klasifikace MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody MeSH
- trombolytická terapie klasifikace metody MeSH
- vertebrobazilární insuficience diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Significant malrotation of the femur after osteosynthesis is a serious complication of treatment and has a number of consequences for the patients and causes deterioration of their quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to be familiar with intraoperative techniques to control the correct rotation, mostly clinical and radiological, which give us the possibility to minimize rotational errors. In the postoperative period, with even a slight suspicion of malrotation, it is necessary to proceed to its exact verification and, in indicated cases, to perform necessary correction. We recommend one of the CT techniques as a very reliable method, however in younger patients we prefer to use MRI. Early diagnosis of the rotational error and especially its size is essential from the point of view of potential reconstructive surgery, which is then chosen also with regard to the location of the original lesion. Key words: femoral osteosynthesis, limb malrotation, methods of measuring.
- MeSH
- femur chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- fraktury femuru * chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- vnitřní fixace fraktury * škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and a complex pathoanatomy of posterior malleolus fractures in a Maisonneuve fracture. METHODS: The study included 100 prospectively collected patients with a complete clinical and radiological documentation of an ankle fracture or fracture-dislocation including a fracture of the proximal quarter of the fibula. RESULTS: A posterior malleolus fracture was identified in 74 patients, and in 27% of these cases it carried more than one quarter of the fibular notch. Displacement of the posterior fragment by more than 2 mm was shown by scans in 72% of cases. Small intercalary fragments were identified in 43% of cases. Fractures of the Tillaux-Chaput tubercle were identified in 20 patients. CONCLUSION: Our study has proved a high rate of posterior malleolus fractures associated with a Maisonneuve fracture, and documented their considerable variability in terms of involvement of the fibular notch, tibiotalar contact area, direction of displacement and frequency of intercalary fragments. Of no less importance is a combination of Tillaux-Chaput fractures with a Maisonneuve fracture.
- MeSH
- dislokovaná fraktura diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fibula zranění diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- fraktury kotníku * diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- anastomóza chirurgická metody MeSH
- chirurgické laloky * MeSH
- CT angiografie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrochirurgie metody MeSH
- zákroky plastické chirurgie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- MeSH
- dabigatran aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- heparin nízkomolekulární aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- intrakraniální krvácení * etiologie MeSH
- intrakraniální trombóza * diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- sinus durae matris diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
V článku autoři popisují způsob zavedení postmortem CT angiografie do praxe na Ústavu soudního lékařství Fakultní nemocnice Ostrava v případech bodnořezných poranění končetin. Detailně je popsána nezbytná příprava cévního řečiště před provedením samotné angiografie, způsob aplikace kontrastní látky do cévního řečiště i praktické tipy usnadňující následné provedení konvenční pitvy. Stručně je uveden rovněž souhrn publikovaných prací zabývající se problematikou postmortem CT angiografie, popisující nejen její nesporné výhody, ale také limity a úskalí, která s sebou tato metoda přináší. Adresa pro korespondenci: MUDr. Bc. Jana Mertová Ústav soudního lékařství FN Ostrava 17. listopadu 1790/5, 708 52 Ostrava-Poruba Tel.: +420 597 371 713 Fax: +420 597 371 706 E-mail: jana.mertova@fno.cz Delivered: June 24, 2024 Accepted: July 24, 2024
This article describes a method of introducing postmortem CT angiography into daily forensic medicine practice involving cases of limb stab wounds investigated at the Department of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava. The essential preparation of the vessels as well as practical tips facilitating the subsequent performance of a classic autopsy are described in detail. Article also includes brief review of published papers dealing with PMCT angiography related issues, advantages which brings CT angiography into forensic routine work, but also its limits and pitfalls.
- MeSH
- agar MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum metody MeSH
- CT angiografie metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- forenzní zobrazování metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- končetiny diagnostické zobrazování zranění MeSH
- kontrastní látky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- penetrující rány * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- pitva MeSH
- posmrtné zobrazování * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH