Introduction: Olive (Olea uropeae) is a traditional plant containing oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, which are useful and used empirically for treating diabetes mellitus.Objective: To review the potential of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol as an evidence base for diabetes potential treatment and safety.Methods: This chapter summarizes several studies available on Pubmed and Google Scholar regarding the characteristic method and extraction method as well as the effectiveness and toxicity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol in vitro and in vivo.Result: Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are effective antihyperglycemics for treating T2D. They can reduce body weight, basal glycemia, and insulin resistance by stopping the liver from making glucose and stopping the body from absorbing glucose. Several studies have shown that both isolates can control glycemic levels equivalent to free fatty acids and are safe to use.Conclusion: Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are extracted by several methods and can be used as potential anti-diabetics with obesity risk factors. Evidence shows that both isolates are safe for both acute and chronic use.
- Klíčová slova
- oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol,
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- hypoglykemika * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence MeSH
- iridoidy farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Olea * fyziologie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- testy toxicity metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Autologous and allogenic human pericardia used as biomaterials for cardiovascular surgery are traditionally crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. In this work, we have evaluated the resistivity to collagenase digestion and the cytotoxicity of human pericardium crosslinked with various concentrations of glutaraldehyde in comparison with pericardium crosslinked by genipin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, tannic acid, and in comparison with unmodified pericardium. Crosslinking retained the wavy-like morphology of native pericardium visualized by second harmonic generation microscopy. The collagenase digestion products were analyzed using SDS-PAGE, capillary electrophoresis, and a hydroxyproline assay. Glutaraldehyde and genipin crosslinking protected the native pericardium efficiently against digestion with collagenase III. Only low protection was provided by the other crosslinking agents. The cytotoxicity of crosslinked pericardium was evaluated using xCELLigence by monitoring the viability of porcine valve interstitial cells cultured in eluates from crosslinked pericardium. The highest cell index, reflecting both the number and the shape of the monitored cells was observed in eluates from genipin. Crosslinking pericardium grafts with genipin therefore seems to be a promising alternative procedure to the traditional crosslinking with glutaraldehyde, because it provides similarly high protection against degradation with collagenase, without cytotoxic effects.
- MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
- glutaraldehyd MeSH
- iridoidy MeSH
- kyselina nordihydroguaiaretová MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- perikard chemie MeSH
- reagencia zkříženě vázaná * MeSH
- taniny MeSH
- transplantáty chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Biohydrogels, composed of naturally occurring biopolymers are typically preferred over their synthetic analogues in bioapplications thanks to their biocompatibility, bioactivity, mechanical or degradation properties. Shaping biohydrogels on the single-cell length scales (micrometers) is a key ability needed to create bioequivalent artificial cell/tissue constructs and cannot be achieved with current methods. This work introduces a method for photolithographic synthesis of arbitrarily shaped microgels composed purely of a biopolymer of choice. The biopolymer is mixed with a sacrificial photocrosslinkable polymer, and the mixture is photocrosslinked in a lithographic process, yielding anisotropic microgels with the biopolymer entrapped in the network. Subsequent ionic or covalent biopolymer crosslinking followed by template cleavage yields a microgel composed purely of a biopolymer with the 3D shape dictated by the photocrosslinking process. Method feasibility is demonstrated with two model polysaccharide biopolymers (alginate, chitosan) using suitable crosslinking methods. Next, alginate microgels were used as microtaggants on a pharmaceutical oral solid dose formulation to prevent its counterfeiting. Since the alginate is approved as an additive in the food and pharmaceutical industries, the presented tagging system can be implemented in practical use much easier than systems comprising synthetic polymers.
Decellularized human pericardium is under study as an allogenic material for cardiovascular applications. The effects of crosslinking on the mechanical properties of decellularized pericardium were determined with a uniaxial tensile test, and the effects of crosslinking on the collagen structure of decellularized pericardium were determined by multiphoton microscopy. The viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells seeded on decellularized human pericardium and on pericardium strongly and weakly crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and with genipin was evaluated by means of an MTS assay. The viability of the cells, measured by their metabolic activity, decreased considerably when the pericardium was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Conversely, the cell viability increased when the pericardium was crosslinked with genipin. Coating both non-modified pericardium and crosslinked pericardium with a fibrin mesh or with a mesh containing attached heparin and/or fibronectin led to a significant increase in cell viability. The highest degree of viability was attained for samples that were weakly crosslinked with genipin and modified by means of a fibrin and fibronectin coating. The results indicate a method by which in vivo endothelialization of human cardiac allografts or xenografts could potentially be encouraged.
- MeSH
- alografty MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály * chemie MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- endoteliální buňky pupečníkové žíly (lidské) cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- fibrin MeSH
- fibronektiny MeSH
- glutaraldehyd MeSH
- heterografty MeSH
- iridoidy MeSH
- kolagen chemie ultrastruktura MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie fluorescenční multifotonová MeSH
- perikard chemie transplantace ultrastruktura MeSH
- pevnost v tahu MeSH
- povrchová plasmonová rezonance MeSH
- reagencia zkříženě vázaná MeSH
- testování materiálů MeSH
- viabilita buněk MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels, produced by tissue decellularization are natural injectable materials suitable for neural tissue repair. However, the rapid biodegradation of these materials may disrupt neural tissue reconstruction in vivo. The aim of this study was to improve the stability of the previously described ECM hydrogel derived from human umbilical cord using genipin and N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), crosslinking at concentration of 0.5-10 mM. The hydrogels, crosslinked by genipin (ECM/G) or EDC (ECM/D), were evaluated in vitro in terms of their mechanical properties, degradation stability and biocompatibility. ECM/G, unlike ECM/D, crosslinked hydrogels revealed improved rheological properties when compared to uncrosslinked ECM. Both ECM/G and ECM/D slowed down the gelation time and increased the resistance against in vitro enzymatic degradation, while genipin crosslinking was more effective than EDC. Crosslinkers concentration of 1 mM enhanced the in vitro bio-stability of both ECM/G and ECM/D without affecting mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, axonal sprouting or neural stem cell growth and differentiation. Moreover, when injected into cortical photochemical lesion, genipin allowed in situ gelation and improved the retention of ECM for up to 2 weeks without any adverse tissue response or enhanced inflammatory reaction. In summary, we demonstrated that genipin, rather than EDC, improved the bio-stability of injectable ECM hydrogel in biocompatible concentration, and that ECM/G has potential as a scaffold for neural tissue application.
- MeSH
- extracelulární matrix chemie MeSH
- hydrogely chemie MeSH
- iridoidy * MeSH
- karbodiimidy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezenchymální kmenové buňky cytologie MeSH
- proliferace buněk fyziologie MeSH
- pupečník cytologie MeSH
- regenerace nervu fyziologie MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství MeSH
- tkáňové podpůrné struktury chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- antidepresiva MeSH
- anxiolytika MeSH
- etnobotanika MeSH
- Gardenia * fyziologie toxicita MeSH
- hypnotika a sedativa MeSH
- iridoidní glykosidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- iridoidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuroprotektivní látky MeSH
- tradiční čínská medicína MeSH
- tradiční lékařství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- katalpol,
- MeSH
- centrální nervový systém účinky léků MeSH
- deprese farmakoterapie MeSH
- iridoidní glukosidy farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- léky rostlinné čínské * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurodegenerativní nemoci prevence a kontrola MeSH
- neuroprotekce účinky léků MeSH
- poruchy paměti farmakoterapie MeSH
- Rehmannia * MeSH
- úzkost farmakoterapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Článek shrnuje výsledky v oblasti léčivých rostlin s imunostimulačními, případně adaptogenními účinky. Zachycuje nové výsledky výzkumu v této oblasti. Zabývá se zejména problematikou méně známých druhů léčivých rostlin využívaných v čínské a orientální medicíně.
Article summarizes results from the reseach focused on medicinal plants with immunostimulatory and adaptogenic effects. New important results are presented. Mainly the issues of less known medicinal plants used in traditional chinese and oriental medicine is discussed.
- Klíčová slova
- imunostimulační účinky, adaptogenní účinek, Rhodiola resea, Astragalus ssp., cykloartanové saponiny,
- MeSH
- Acanthaceae imunologie MeSH
- adjuvancia imunologická * MeSH
- Astragalus imunologie MeSH
- farmakologické účinky * MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- glykosidy analýza chemie MeSH
- iridoidy MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Ligustrum chemie imunologie MeSH
- Rhodiola chemie imunologie MeSH
- Tinospora imunologie MeSH
- ženšen imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Valerian is used to treat sleeping disorders, restlessness and anxiety, but it seemsonly to work when taken over long periods (several weeks). Some studies have demonstrated that valerian extracts interact with the GABA and benzodiazepine receptors. Valerian is also used traditionally to treat gastrointestinal pain and spastic colitis. There are no long term safety studies. Valerian contains over 150 chemical constituents and many of them are physiologically active, mainly pyridine alkaloids, some organic acids and terpenes, especially the so called valepotriates, esterified iridoid-monoterpenes. As valepotriates may be potential mutagens, valerian should only be used after consultation with a physician. Valerian medication is sometimes recommended as first line treatment when the benefit-risk relation requires it and is often indicated as transition medication during the discontinuation processes involving bromazepam, clonazepam and diazepam, among others.
- MeSH
- alkaloidy farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- analgetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- antikonvulziva terapeutické užití MeSH
- anxiolytika terapeutické užití MeSH
- experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
- hypnotika a sedativa terapeutické užití MeSH
- iridoidy chemie MeSH
- kozlík (rostlina) chemie MeSH
- kyseliny pentanové chemie škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- rostlinné přípravky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Valerianaceae chemie klasifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
