Twenty-eight endurance-trained males aged 31.1 ± 10.2 years (body mass [BM] 81.9 ± 9.0 kg) completed this randomized double-blind placebo (PLA)-controlled crossover study investigating the effect of 12-week Colostrum Bovinum (COL) supplementation (25gCOL·day-1) on aerobic fitness and capacity, time to exhaustion, BM and body composition (BC), and blood lactate concentration. There were four main-before/after supplementation study visits (COLPRE and COLPOST; PLAPRE, and PLAPOST). During study visits, BM and BC evaluation, incremental rowing test (IRT) to exhaustion, and evaluation of resting (REST) and post-exercise (POST-IRT) blood lactate concentration were performed. COL, but not PLA supplementation, significantly increased (p < 0.05) time to ventilatory threshold (TVT). Moreover, the implemented treatments had large (mL·min-1) and moderate (mL·min-1·kg-1) effects on oxygen uptake at VT (VO2VT), as well as moderate effect on power output at VT (PVT; W·kg-1) with the highest values observed at COLPOST visit. Neither significant influence of COL supplementation on time to exhaustion (TEXH) in IRT, BM, and BC on blood lactate was observed. Importantly, there were significantly (p < 0.05) higher increases in VO2VT (mL·min-1 and mL·min-1·kg-1) after COL compared to PLA supplementation. In summary, COL supplementation resulted in a favorable increase in TVT, and tended to improve some of the evaluated threshold indicators, namely VO2VT and PVT in endurance-trained male athletes during IRT. Therefore, COL supplementation may be considered as a support to improve aerobic fitness and capacity in endurance-trained males; however, supplementation strategy must be personalized and properly incorporated into the individual training. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06390670).

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Double-Blind Method MeSH
• Physical Endurance * MeSH
• Cross-Over Studies MeSH
• Colostrum * MeSH
• Lactic Acid blood   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Dietary Supplements * MeSH
• Body Composition * MeSH
• Oxygen Consumption MeSH
• Endurance Training * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

BACKGROUND: Bovine colostrum (COL) is assumed to be one of the strongest natural immune stimulants. Regular ingestion of COL may contribute to improved immune response in athletes exposed to high training loads. METHODS: Twenty-eight endurance-trained males aged 31.1 ± 10.2 years (body mass 81.9 ± 9.0 kg; height 1.82 ± 0.06 m) completed this randomized double-blind placebo(PLA)-controlled crossover study aimed at investigating the effect of 12-week COL supplementation (25gCOL·day-1) on resting (REST), exercise-induced (POST-EX), and short-term post-exercise recovery (REC; 1 h after test exercise) changes in selected saliva and blood immunoglobulins (Ig), white blood cell (WBC) count and differential; as well as blood hematological, nutritional status and muscle damage indices. The protocol assumed 4 study visits - before/after supplementation with COL (COLPRE and COLPOST ) and PLA (PLAPRE and PLAPOST ). During testing sessions, incremental rowing test to exhaustion and swimming-specific performance test were introduced as exercise stimuli. RESULTS: At COLPOST visit the secretory IgA (SIgA) concentration in saliva was significantly higher at POST-EX and REC compared to REST (p<0.05). COL supplementation had no effect on blood IgA, IgE, IgD, IgG, and IgM concentrations. Furthermore, after COL supplementation decrease of hematocrit at REC (p<0.05) was revealed. CONCLUSIONS: 12-week supplementation with 25 gCOL·day-1 in endurance-trained male athletes resulted in a favorable increase in post-exercise concentration of salivary SIgA. COL seems to be a potential stimulator of local immune defense after exercise-induced homeostasis disturbances. Nevertheless, the lack of effect on blood markers indicates the need for further research in the area of mechanisms underlying the effect of the supposed COL immunological capacity.

• MeSH
• Biomarkers * MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Double-Blind Method MeSH
• Physical Endurance immunology   MeSH
• Immunoglobulins blood   MeSH
• Cross-Over Studies * MeSH
• Colostrum * immunology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Dietary Supplements * MeSH
• Saliva * immunology   metabolism   MeSH
• Athletes * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

• MeSH
• Influenza, Human prevention & control   MeSH
• Immunity drug effects   MeSH
• Immune System * MeSH
• Colostrum MeSH
• Ascorbic Acid pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Ascorbic Acid Deficiency diagnosis   MeSH
• Probiotics therapeutic use   MeSH
• Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Microbial immunology   MeSH
• Immune System MeSH
• Colostrum immunology   MeSH
• Ascorbic Acid MeSH
• COVID-19 Vaccines MeSH
• Publication type
• Interview MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To obtain information on the transport of carbamazepine and its active metabolite carbamazepine-epoxide from mother to colostrum and breastfed newborns. METHODS: In this cohort study, carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide concentrations in maternal serum (162 women), milk (i.e., colostrum) and breastfed newborn serum were analysed between the 1st and 5th days after delivery from November 1990 to February 2021. The measured concentrations were compared with the delivery and mature milk periods. The effect of the combination with both enzyme-inducing antiseizure medication and valproic acid was also evaluated. RESULTS: Carbamazepine concentrations varied from 1.0 to 11.2 mg/L (epoxide 0.3-4.4 mg/L) in maternal serum, from 0.5 to 6.8 mg/L (epoxide 0.3-2.4 mg/L) in milk and from 0.5 to 4.7 mg/L (epoxide 0.3-1.7 mg/L) in newborn serum. The median milk/maternal serum concentration ratio of carbamazepine was 0.45 (epoxide 0.71), the median newborn/maternal serum concentration ratio of carbamazepine was 0.20 (epoxide 0.41), and the median newborn serum/milk concentration ratio of carbamazepine was 0.38 (epoxide 0.50). A highly significant correlation was found between the milk and maternal serum concentrations of both carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide and between the milk and newborn serum concentrations of carbamazepine. CONCLUSIONS: In the serum of breastfed newborns, only one concentration of carbamazepine reached the reference range used for the general epileptic population, and more than half was below the lower limit of quantification. Routine monitoring of serum carbamazepine concentrations is not required in breastfed newborns. However, observation of newborns is desirable, and if signs of potential adverse reactions are noted, the serum concentrations in newborns should be measured.

• MeSH
• Anticonvulsants therapeutic use   MeSH
• Benzodiazepines pharmacology   MeSH
• Epoxy Compounds pharmacology   MeSH
• Carbamazepine MeSH
• Cohort Studies MeSH
• Breast Feeding * MeSH
• Colostrum metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Milk, Human metabolism   MeSH
• Mothers * MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the concentrations of lamotrigine in maternal serum, colostrum, and serum of breastfed newborns, and to evaluate the effect of comedication with enzyme-inducing antiseizure medication and valproic acid. METHODS: This cohort study collected data from 158 women and 143 breastfed newborns. Maternal serum, milk (i.e., colostrum), and newborn serum samples were collected between the 2nd and 5th postnatal days, and lamotrigine concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The median lamotrigine concentrations were 2.7 mg/L in maternal serum, 1.4 mg/L in milk, and 1.7 mg/L in newborn serum. The median milk/maternal serum concentration ratio was 0.60, the median newborn/maternal serum concentration ratio was also 0.60, and the median newborn serum/milk concentration ratio was 1.00. A significant correlation was observed between milk and maternal serum concentrations and between newborn serum and milk concentrations, maternal serum concentrations, maternal daily dose, and dose related to maternal body weight. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to lamotrigine in breastfed newborns is lower than exposure during pregnancy. However, by the same dose by the same mother, lamotrigine concentrations in both maternal serum and milk increase significantly after delivery. This finding, together with the immature function of eliminating enzymes in newborns, may be the reason for reaching concentrations in the reference range used for the general epileptic population in breastfed newborns. Therapeutic monitoring of breastfed newborns serum concentrations of lamotrigine is not mandatory; however, if signs of possible adverse events are noted, newborn serum concentrations should be analysed.

• MeSH
• Anticonvulsants therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cohort Studies MeSH
• Breast Feeding * MeSH
• Colostrum chemistry   MeSH
• Lamotrigine pharmacology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Milk, Human chemistry   MeSH
• Mothers * MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Postpartum Period MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Colostrum * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Disease Models, Animal MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Pancreatitis * drug therapy   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH

Breast milk is a complex mixture containing underexplored bioactive lipids. We performed an observational case-control study to compare the impact of delivery mode: caesarean section (CS) and vaginal birth (VB); and term (preterm and term delivery) on the levels of lipokines in human milk at different stages of lactation. Metabolomic analysis of the milk identified triacylglycerol estolides as a metabolic reservoir of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediator 5-palmitic acid ester of hydroxystearic acid (5-PAHSA). We found that triacylglycerol estolides were substrates of carboxyl ester lipase and 5-PAHSA-containing lipids were the least preferred substrates among tested triacylglycerol estolide isomers. This explained exceptionally high colostrum levels of 5-PAHSA in the VB group. CS and preterm birth negatively affected colostrum lipidome, including 5-PAHSA levels, but the lipidomic profiles normalized in mature milk. Mothers delivering term babies vaginally produce colostrum rich in 5-PAHSA, which could contribute to the prevention of intestinal inflammation in newborns.

• MeSH
• Cesarean Section MeSH
• Esters metabolism   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Colostrum metabolism   MeSH
• Palmitic Acid metabolism   MeSH
• Lactation MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lipase metabolism   MeSH
• Milk, Human * metabolism   MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Premature Birth * metabolism   MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Triglycerides metabolism   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Immunity, Cellular drug effects   MeSH
• Immune System physiology   drug effects   MeSH
• Immunoglobulins physiology   immunology   MeSH
• Colostrum * physiology   immunology   MeSH
• Ascorbic Acid * pharmacology   immunology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Lactoperoxidase physiology   immunology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Ascorbic Acid Deficiency drug therapy   immunology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Immune System Diseases etiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Proline-Rich Protein Domains MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• Keywords
• brynza,
• MeSH
• Diabetic Foot * therapy   MeSH
• Phytotherapy methods   MeSH
• Wound Healing MeSH
• Colostrum MeSH
• Diabetes Complications therapy   MeSH
• Ascorbic Acid therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Nutrition Therapy methods   MeSH
• Ozone therapeutic use   MeSH
• Leeching methods   MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects   MeSH
• Leg Ulcer therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH