Reactive dicarbonyls stimulate production of advanced glycation endproducts, increase oxidative stress and inflammation and contribute to the development of vascular complications. We measured concentrations of dicarbonyls - methylglyoxal (MG), glyoxal (GL) and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) - in the heart and kidney of a model of metabolic syndrome - hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats (HHTg) and explored its modulation by metformin. Adult HHTg rats were fed a standard diet with or without metformin (300 mg/kg b.w.) and dicarbonyl levels and metabolic parameters were measured. HHTg rats had markedly elevated serum levels of triacylglycerols (p<0.001), FFA (p<0.01) and hepatic triacylglycerols (p<0.001) along with increased concentrations of reactive dicarbonyls in myocardium (MG: p<0.001; GL: p<0.01; 3-DG: p<0.01) and kidney cortex (MG: p<0.01). Metformin treatment significantly reduced reactive dicarbonyls in the myocardium (MG: p<0.05, GL: p<0.05, 3-DG: p<0.01) along with increase of myocardial concentrations of reduced glutathione (p<0.01) and glyoxalase 1 mRNA expression (p<0.05). Metformin did not have any significant effect on dicarbonyls, glutathione or on glyoxalase 1 expression in kidney cortex. Chronically elevated hypertriglyceridemia was associated with increased levels of dicarbonyls in heart and kidney. Beneficial effects of metformin on reactive dicarbonyls and glyoxalase in the heart could contribute to its cardioprotective effects.

• MeSH
• deoxyglukosa analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• fyziologický stres MeSH
• glutathion metabolismus   MeSH
• glyoxal metabolismus   MeSH
• hypertriglyceridemie farmakoterapie   genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• hypoglykemika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• laktoylglutathionlyasa metabolismus   MeSH
• metformin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• myokard metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• pyruvaldehyd metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Methylglyoxal production is increased in diabetes. Methylglyoxal is efficiently detoxified by enzyme glyoxalase 1 (GLO1). The aim was to study the effect of diabetic and CKD milieu on (a) GLO1 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells; (b) GLO1 protein levels in whole blood; and (c) GLO1 activity in RBCs in vivo in diabetic vs. non-diabetic subjects with normal or slightly reduced vs. considerably reduced renal function (CKD1-2 vs. CKD3-4). A total of 83 subjects were included in the study. Gene expression was measured using real-time PCR, and protein levels were quantified using Western blotting. Erythrocyte GLO1 activity was measured spectrophotometrically. GLO1 gene expression was significantly higher in subjects with CKD1-2 compared to CKD3-4. GLO1 protein level was lower in diabetics than in non-diabetics. GLO1 activity in RBCs differed between the four groups being significantly higher in diabetics with CKD1-2 vs. healthy subjects and vs. nondiabeticsfig with CKD3-4. GLO1 activity was significantly higher in diabetics compared to nondiabetics. In conclusion, both diabetes and CKD affects the glyoxalase system. It appears that CKD in advanced stages has prevailing and suppressive effects compared to hyperglycaemia. CKD decreases GLO1 gene expression and protein levels (together with diabetes) without concomitant changes of GLO1 activity.

• MeSH
• chronická renální insuficience krev   patologie   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus krev   patologie   MeSH
• diabetické nefropatie krev   patologie   MeSH
• laktoylglutathionlyasa krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pyruvaldehyd krev   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Receptor for advanced glycation end products and glyoxalase I metabolizing advanced glycation end product precursors may play important role in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. Potential relation between soluble forms of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), receptor for advanced glycation end products, glyoxalase I polymorphisms, and long-term outcome (median follow-up of 10.3 years) was studied in 116 patients with breast cancer. Gly82Ser and 2184 A/G RAGE polymorphisms were related to the mortality due to the breast cancer and -419 A/C glyoxalase I polymorphism was related to the overall mortality of the patients suggesting their role not only in the risk of breast cancer but also in the outcome of patients with breast cancer.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
• laktoylglutathionlyasa genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prsu genetika   mortalita   patologie   MeSH
• receptor pro konečné produkty pokročilé glykace genetika   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Besides its classical function as an orchestrator of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, vitamin D also affects insulin secretion and tissue efficiency. A number of studies have consistently reported the inverse relationship between vitamin D deficiency and type 2 diabetes. Activation of certain metabolic pathways and down-stream transcription factors may protect from glucolipotoxicity and their targeted activation -e.g. by vitamin D - might explain the detrimental role of vitamin D deficiency in diabetes. The aim of the study was to quantify gene and protein expression of selected enzymes involved in the protection from glucolipotoxicity, specifically glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), and other enzymes with antioxidant activity - hemoxygenase (HMOX), thiamin pyrophosphokinase (TPK1) and transketolase (TKT), under normo- and hyperglycemic conditions and upon addition of vitamin D in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The results of our study indicate that the active form of vitamin D regulates gene expression of enzymes opposing the harmful effect of glucolipotoxicity whose activities appear to be suppressed by hyperglycemia. However, we were unable to confirm this effect on protein expression. While we cannot speculate on the effect of vitamin D on diabetes itself our results support its role in the protection against existing glucolipotoxicity therefore possibly translating into the prevention of development of diabetic complications.

• MeSH
• endoteliální buňky pupečníkové žíly (lidské) účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• homeostáza účinky léků   MeSH
• inzulin sekrece   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• laktoylglutathionlyasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• leukocyty mononukleární účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• thiaminpyrofosfokinasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• transketolasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• vitamin D farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligands are involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. Glyoxalase I (GLO1) is an enzyme which detoxifies advanced glycation end product (AGE) precursors. The aim of the study was to find out the relationship between four polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP) of the RAGE gene (AGER) and one SNP of the GLO1 gene and clear cell renal cancer (ccRCC). All polymorphisms (rs1800625 RAGE -429T/C, rs1800624 -374T/A, rs3134940 2184A/G, rs2070600 557G/A (G82S), and GLO1 rs4746 419A/C(E111A)) were determined by PCR-RFLP in 214 patients with ccRCC. A group of 154 healthy subjects was used as control. We found significant differences in the allelic and genotype frequencies of GLO1 E111A (419A/C) SNP between patients and controls-higher frequency of the C allele in ccRCC-58.6 vs. 44.5% in controls, OR (95% CI) 1.77 (1.32-2.38), p = 0.0002 (corrected p = 0.001); OR (95% CI) CC vs. AA 2.76 (1.5-4.80), p = 0.0004 (corrected p = 0.002); and AC+CC vs. AA 2.03 (1.23-3.30), p = 0.0034 (corrected p = 0.017). High aggressiveness of the tumor (grade 4) was associated with the presence of C allele RAGE -429T/C SNP (original p = 0.001, corrected p = 0.005) and G allele RAGE 2184A/G SNP (p < 0.001 and p < 0.005), and for genotypes RAGE -429CC (original p = 0.008, corrected p = 0.04) and RAGE 2184GG SNP (original p = 0.005, corrected p = 0.025). Our results demonstrate the link of E111A GLO1 SNP to the presence of the tumor and the connection of RAGE -429T/C and 2184A/G SNPs with the aggressiveness of the tumor. Further studies are required, especially with respect to potential therapeutic implications.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• antigeny nádorové genetika   MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• karcinom z renálních buněk genetika   MeSH
• laktoylglutathionlyasa genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitogenem aktivované proteinkinasy genetika   MeSH
• nádory ledvin genetika   MeSH
• produkty pokročilé glykace genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are key players in pathogenesis of long-term vascular diabetes complications. Several enzymes such as fructosamine 3-kinase (FN3K) and glyoxalase I (GLO I) are crucial in preventing glycation processes. The aim of our study was to evaluate an association of FN3K (rs1056534, rs3848403) and GLO1 rs4746 polymorphisms with parameters of endothelial dysfunction and soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE) in 595 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Genotypic and allelic frequencies of mentioned polymorphisms did not differ between subgroups. In diabetic patients significant differences were observed in sRAGE concentrations according to their rs1056534 and rs3848403 genotype. While GG and CG genotypes of rs1056534 with mutated G allele were associated with significant decrease of sRAGE (GG: 1055+/-458 and CG: 983+/-363 vs. CC: 1796+/-987 ng/l, p<0.0001), in rs3848403 polymorphism TT genotype with mutated T allele was related with significant sRAGE increase (TT: 1365+/-852 vs. CT: 1016+/-401 and CC: 1087+/-508 ng/l, p=0.05). Significant differences in adhesion molecules were observed in genotype subgroups of GLO1 rs4746 polymorphism. In conclusion, this is the first study describing significant relationship of FN3K (rs1056534) and (rs3848403) polymorphisms with concentration of sRAGE in patients with diabetes.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu krev   diagnóza   enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev   diagnóza   enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fosfotransferasy s alkoholovou skupinou jako akceptorem genetika   MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• laktoylglutathionlyasa genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• molekuly buněčné adheze krev   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
• receptory imunologické krev   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to analyze polymorphisms of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) gene, and glyoxalase I gene and soluble RAGE, sRAGE, in physiological and pathological pregnancy. DESIGN AND METHODS: Polymorphisms of RAGE gene (-429 T/C, -374 T/A, 557 G/A, 2184 A/G) and glyoxalase I gene (A419C) and sRAGE serum levels were determined in 284 women with pathological and physiological pregnancy. RESULTS: No differences in distribution of genotype and allelic frequencies of studied polymorphisms were found. GA genotype of RAGE 557 G/A polymorphism (known as Gly82Ser) is associated with lower sRAGE serum levels in healthy pregnant women compared to GG genotype (483 ± 104 vs. 692 ± 262 pg/mL, p=0.008). sRAGE correlates negatively with ALT in patients with pregnancy intrahepatic cholestasis (r=-0.536, p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We did not show any association of RAGE and glyoxalase I gene polymorphisms with pathological pregnancy, however further studies are needed to confirm the results.

• MeSH
• alanintransaminasa krev   MeSH
• antigeny nádorové krev   genetika   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genetické asociační studie MeSH
• intrahepatální cholestáza krev   genetika   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství krev   genetika   MeSH
• laktoylglutathionlyasa genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitogenem aktivované proteinkinasy krev   genetika   MeSH
• předčasná porodní činnost krev   genetika   MeSH
• preeklampsie krev   genetika   MeSH
• růstová retardace plodu krev   genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Metotrexát, strukturální analog kyseliny listové, je jedním z nejčastěji používaných chemoterapeutik především pro léčbu hematoonkologických onemocnění, solidních nádorů, ale také některých autoimunitních poruch. Primárně metotrexát narušuje folátový metabolizmus inhibicí dihydrofolátreduktázy, což má za následek potlačení syntézy pyrimidinových a purinových prekurzorů. Nedostatek stavebních kamenů nukleových kyselin se pak odráží v cytostatickém, cytotoxickém a diferenciačním efektu metotrexátu. Mezi další procesy, které jsou ovlivněny inhibicí folátového metabolizmu, patří metylace biomolekul, především proteinů a DNA. Metotrexát však působí na metabolické dráhy a buněčné procesy i nezávisle na metabolizmu folátů. Na základě podobnosti struktury metotrexátu a funkčních skupin některých inhibitorů histondeacetyláz bylo predikováno a poté i experimentálně potvrzeno, že metotrexát má schopnost inhibovat histondeacetylázy. Dále byla prokázána schopnost metotrexátu účinně ovlivňovat glyoxalázový a antioxidační systém. I když je metotrexát používán jako folátový antagonista v protinádorové terapii více než 60 let, odhalování jeho dalších cílů působení na molekulární i buněčné úrovni stále pokračuje.

Methotrexate, a structural analogue of folic acid, is one of the most frequently used chemotherapeutics, especially in haematological malignancies, various solid tumours and also inflammatory disorders. Methotrexate interferes with folate metabolism, mainly by inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in the suppression of purine and pyrimidine precursor synthesis. The depletion of nucleic acid precursors seems to be responsible for the cytostatic, cytotoxic and differentiation effects of methotrexate. Methylation of biomolecules represents another folate-dependent pathway that is also affected by methotrexate. Furthermore, metho­trexate is able to modify metabolic pathways and cellular processes independently of folate metabolism. Based on the similar structure of methotrexate and of functional groups of certain histone deacetylase inhibitors, the ability of methotrexate to inhibit histone deacetylases was predicted and consequently verified. Recently published findings also suggest that metho­trexate affects glyoxalase and antioxidant systems. Although methotrexate has been used as a folate metabolism antagonist in anticancer therapy for more than 60 years, the identification of its’ other molecular targets in cellular metabolism still continues.

• Klíčová slova
• oxidativní stres, glyoxalázový systém, inhibitory histon­deacetylázy, dihydrofolátreduktáza, folátový metabolizmus,
• MeSH
• antagonisté kyseliny listové farmakologie   MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   MeSH
• buněčná smrt účinky léků   MeSH
• dihydrofolátreduktasa účinky léků   MeSH
• inhibitory histondeacetylas MeSH
• kyselina listová metabolismus   MeSH
• laktoylglutathionlyasa účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methotrexát * farmakologie   MeSH
• metylace DNA účinky léků   MeSH
• metylace MeSH
• nádory farmakoterapie   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) takes part in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including diabetes mellitus and cancer. AGE-precursors are detoxified by glyoxalase (GLO). sRAGE, soluble RAGE, is an inhibitor of pathological effects mediated via RAGE. The aim was to study sRAGE and polymorphisms of RAGE (AGER) and GLO genes in patients with pancreas cancer (PC). DESIGN AND METHODS: The studied group consisted of 51 patients with PC (34 with impaired glucose tolerance-IGT, 17 without IGT), 34 type 2 DM and 154 controls. For genetic analysis, the number of patients was increased to 170. Serum sRAGE was measured by ELISA and all polymorphisms (RAGE -429T/C, -374T/A, 2184A/G, Gly82Ser and GLO A419C) were determined by PCR-RFLP and confirmed by sequencing. RESULTS: Soluble RAGE is decreased in patients with PC compared to patients with DM and controls (975+/-532 vs. 1416+/-868 vs. 1723+/-643pg/mL, p<0.001). Patients with PC and IGT have lower sRAGE levels compared to patients with PC without IGT (886+/-470 vs. 1153+/-616pg/mL, p<0.05). No relationship of sRAGE to the stage was found. We did not show any difference in allelic and genotype frequencies in all RAGE and GLO polymorphisms among the studied groups. CONCLUSION: This is the first study demonstrating decreased sRAGE in patients with pancreas cancer. Its levels are even lower than in diabetics and are lowest in patients with PC and IGT. Our study supports the role of glucose metabolism disorder in cancerogenesis. Further studies are clearly warranted, especially with respect to potential preventive and therapeutic implications.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu genetika   MeSH
• laktoylglutathionlyasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní genetika   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický genetika   MeSH
• receptory imunologické genetika   MeSH
• rozpustnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) belong to uremic toxins and some pathological effects of AGEs are linked to RAGE (receptor for AGEs). Their precursors are detoxified by the glyoxalase (GLO) system. The A419C (E111A) polymorphism of the GLO I gene is associated with vascular disease in hemodialysis (HD) patients and some RAGE gene polymorphisms are implicated in various pathological states. AIM: To study the relationship of A419C GLO I and four RAGE polymorphisms (-429T/C, -374T/A, 2184A/G and Gly82Ser) in the prognosis of HD patients. METHODS: The group studied consisted of 214 chronic HD patients prospectively followed up for 43 months. 100 patients died, 48 due to cardiovascular causes. RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a higher mortality rate in patient-mutated homozygotes for RAGE -429CC, RAGE 2184GG and GLO I 419CC. A higher hazard risk was confirmed by the Cox proportional hazards model when wild-type homozygotes were taken as reference: RAGE -429CC 2.28 (95% CI 1.04-4.99), RAGE 2184GG 3.16 (95% CI 1.44-6.93), and GLO I 419CC 1.75 (95% CI 1.08-2.86). Both RAGE polymorphisms were also associated with cardiovascular mortality: RAGE -429CC 3.54 (95% CI 1.37-9.14) and RAGE 2184GG 5.04 (95% CI 1.93-13.11). CONCLUSION: In summary, our study shows for the first time a link between RAGE and GLO polymorphisms in the prognosis of HD patients.

• MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin genetika   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• dialýza ledvin MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci epidemiologie   MeSH
• Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
• laktoylglutathionlyasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• produkty pokročilé glykace genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• receptory imunologické genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• uremie genetika   metabolismus   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH