- MeSH
- adenom diagnóza terapie MeSH
- anastomóza chirurgická MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- familiární adenomatózní polypóza * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování komplikace MeSH
- kolektomie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meduloblastom * chirurgie diagnóza terapie MeSH
- peritonitida diagnóza terapie MeSH
- pouch MeSH
- tlusté střevo chirurgie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hysterektomie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nefrotomie MeSH
- peritonitida * diagnóza terapie MeSH
- roboticky asistované výkony MeSH
- ureter * chirurgie patologie zranění MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: The unphysiological composition of peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids induces progressive peritoneal fibrosis, hypervascularization and vasculopathy. Information on these alterations after kidney transplantation (KTx) is scant. METHODS: Parietal peritoneal tissues were obtained from 81 pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD5), 72 children on PD with low glucose degradation product (GDP) PD fluids, and from 20 children 4-8 weeks after KTx and preceding low-GDP PD. Tissues were analyzed by digital histomorphometry and quantitative immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: While chronic PD was associated with peritoneal hypervascularization, after KTx vascularization was comparable to CKD5 level. Submesothelial CD45 counts were 40% lower compared with PD, and in multivariable analyses independently associated with microvessel density. In contrast, peritoneal mesothelial denudation, submesothelial thickness and fibrin abundance, number of activated, submesothelial fibroblasts and of mesothelial-mesenchymal transitioned cells were similar after KTx. Diffuse peritoneal podoplanin positivity was present in 40% of the transplanted patients. In subgroups matched for age, PD vintage, dialytic glucose exposure and peritonitis incidence, submesothelial hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha abundance and angiopoietin 1/2 ratio were lower after KTx, reflecting vessel maturation, while arteriolar and microvessel p16 and cleaved Casp3 were higher. Submesothelial mast cell count and interleukin-6 were lower, whereas transforming growth factor-beta induced pSMAD2/3 was similar as compared with children on PD. CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneal membrane damage induced with chronic administration of low-GDP PD fluids was less severe after KTx. While peritoneal microvessel density, primarily defining PD transport and ultrafiltration capacity, was normal after KTx and peritoneal inflammation less pronounced, diffuse podoplanin positivity and profibrotic activity were prevalent.
- MeSH
- chronické selhání ledvin * chirurgie metabolismus MeSH
- dialýza ledvin MeSH
- dialyzační roztoky metabolismus MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- peritoneální dialýza * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- peritoneum metabolismus MeSH
- peritonitida * metabolismus MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Infekce zůstávají důležitým problémem, s nímž se prakticky potýkají všechny obory medicíny. Nejinak je tomu u peritoneální dialýzy (PD), kde je prevence a léčba peritonitidy klíčovou součástí péče. Doporučení zabývající se tímto tématem vydává již od roku 1983 Mezinárodní společnost pro peritoneální dialýzu (ISPD). V letošním roce byla publikována jejich další aktualizovaná verze, která nám přináší některé novinky. Byly definovány nové kategorie peritonitid (asociované s PD katétrem, enterální, pre-PD peritonitida). Byl aktualizován a zpřísněn požadavek na maximální incidenci peritonitid (0,4 epizody na rok léčby). Je kladen vyšší důraz na vypuštění dialyzátu před invazivními gastroenterologickými a gynekologickými vyšetřeními. Dalšími preventivními opatřeními je korekce hypokalemie a neužívání antagonistů H2-receptorů. Pokud jde o empirickou antibiotickou léčbu, je novinkou možnost užívat monoterapii cefepimem. K terapii aminoglykosidy je pak doporučováno rutinně přidávat N-acetylcystein k prevenci ototoxicity. Novinky jsou i v přístupu k refrakterní peritonitidě, peritonitidě způsobené Corynebacterii a dalšími agens. Publikovaná doporučení poskytují cenný soubor aktuálních odpovědí na problémy, s nimiž se v běžné praxi často setkáváme.
Infections remain an important problem facing virtually all medical disciplines. This is no different with peritoneal dialysis (PD), where the prevention and treatment of peritonitis is a key part of care. The International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) has been issuing recommendations on this subject since 1983. This year, their next updated version was published, which brings us some news. New categories of peritonitis (associated with PD catheter, enteral, pre-PD peritonitis) have been defined. The requirement for a maximum peritonitis rate has been updated and tightened (0.4 episodes per year of treatment). There is a greater emphasis on PD fluid drainage before invasive gastroenterological and gynecological examinations. Other preventive measures are the correction of hypokalaemia and the avoidance of H2-receptor antagonists. In empirical antibiotic treatment, the possibility of using cefepime monotherapy is a novelty. It is recommended to add N-acetylcysteine routinely to aminoglycoside therapy to prevent ototoxicity. There are also new approaches to refractory peritonitis, peritonitis caused by Corynebacteria and other agents. The published recommendations provide a valuable set of answers to the problems we often encounter in common practice.
Animal models are essential in understanding of the mechanisms of sepsis moreover the development and the assessment of emerging therapies. In clinically relevant porcine model, however, a significant variability in the host response has been observed among animals. Thus, there is a strong demand to better understand the potential sources of this heterogeneity. In this study, we compared faecal microbiome composition of 12 animals. Three samples were collected at different time points from each animal. Bacteriome was subjected to 16S rDNA profiling. A significant difference in bacterial composition was associated with the season (p < 0.001) but not with the sex of the pig (p = 0.28), the timing of sample collection (p = 0.59), or interactions thereof (all p > 0.3). The season batch explained 55% of the total variance in the bacteriome diversity. The season term was highly significant from the high-resolution level of the bacterial amplicon sequencing variants up to the level of phylum. The diversity of the microbiome composition could significantly influence experimental model of sepsis, and studies are warranted to demonstrate the effects of gut microbiome diversity on the host-response. If confirmed, control of the gut microbiome should become a standard part of the pre-clinical sepsis experiments.
Autor prezentuje případ 11letého pacienta, který byl akutně operován pro peritonitidu. Práce pojednává o méně obvyklé perforaci střeva, kdy příčinou byla vředová léze Meckelova divertiklu.
The author presents the case of an 11 year old patient who undertook an acute surgery for peritonitis. The work deals with less common bowel perforation, which was caused by an ulcerative lesion of Meckel ́s diverticulum.
- MeSH
- bolesti břicha diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- laparotomie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Meckelův divertikl * chirurgie diagnóza patologie MeSH
- peritonitida chirurgie diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Úvod: Peritonitida v důsledku perforace peptického vředu (PPV) je chirurgická náhlá příhoda břišní provázená vysokou letalitou. Součástí předoperačního managementu je i rychlé zahájení širokospektré antibiotické léčby. Cílem studie bylo zhodnotit mikrobiální profil u tohoto typu peritonitidy. Metody: Retrospektivní observační studie pacientů operovaných pro PPV v období 2015–2020 na I. chirurgické klinice VFN. Analýza mikrobiálních nálezů z peritoneální tekutiny. Výsledky: Mikrobiální profil peritonitidy v důsledku PPV se poněkud liší od sekundární peritonitidy v důsledku perforace střeva. Charakteristickými jevy jsou vysoká četnost negativních kultivačních nálezů a častý výskyt kvasinek, respektive nízký výskyt anaerobních bakterií. Negativní výsledek kultivace mělo v našem souboru 42 % pacientů. Celkem bylo identifikováno 66 izolátů mikrobiálních původců zahrnujících kvasinky (42,5 %), aerobní grampozitivní bakterie (30,3 %), aerobní gramnegativní bakterie (22,7 %) a anaerobní bakterie (4,5 %). Nejčastějšími kvasinkami byly Candida albicans a Candida glabrata. Všechny kmeny Candida glabrata měly sníženou citlivost na flukonazol a byly rezistentní na itrakonazol. Závěr: Přestože peritonitida při PPV má většinou komunitní původ, zaznamenali jsme v našem souboru významný výskyt kvasinek se sníženou citlivostí na azolová antimykotika. Volba antimykotického přípravku by měla vždy vycházet ze znalosti aktuální epidemiologické situace.
Introduction: Peritonitis due to perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) is a surgical emergency associated with high mortality. Preoperative management includes immediate initiation of broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. The objective of this study was to assess the spectrum of microbial pathogens in peritoneal fluid. Methods: Retrospective observational study of patients who underwent surgery for PPU at the 1st Department of Surgery – Thoracic, Abdominal and Injury Surgery, General University Hospital in the period 2015–2020. Analysis of the microbiological analytical results of peritoneal fluid. Results: The microbiological profile of PPU-associated peritonitis is somewhat different from microbial pathogens involved in secondary peritonitis due to bowel perforation. A high rate of negative culture findings, high incidence of Candida spp. and low incidence of anaerobic bacteria are characteristic for PPU-associated peritonitis. Negative culture from the peritoneal fluid collected during surgery was identified in 42% of the patients. A total of 66 isolates of microbial pathogens were identified, including Candida spp. (42.5%), aerobic gram-positive bacteria (30.3%), aerobic gram-negative bacteria (22.7%) and anaerobic bacteria (4.5%). Candida albicans and Candida glabrata represented the most common species. Decreased susceptibility to fluconazole and resistance to itraconazole was associated with all Candida glabrata isolates. Conclusion: Although PPU-associated peritonitis is mostly of community origin, we confirmed a significant incidence of Candida spp. with decreased azole susceptibility. The choice of antifungal therapy should always be based on local epidemiology.
AIM: Detection of possible predictive factors of endoscopic recurrence after ileocecal resection in Crohn's disease could be very beneficial for the individual adjustment of postoperative therapy. The aim of this study was to verify, whether immunohistochemical detection of calprotectin in resection margins is useful in diagnostics of endoscopic recurrence. METHODS: In this study we included pediatric patients with Crohn's disease who underwent ileocecal resection, regardless of pre-operative or post-operative therapy (n=48). We collected laboratory, clinical, surgical, endoscopic and histopathological data at the time of surgery and at 6 months after surgery. The immunohistochemical staining of calprotectin antigen was performed on all paraffin blocks from the resection margins. RESULTS: Out of 48 patients 52% had endoscopic recurrence in the anastomosis (defined by Rutgeerts score) within 6 months after surgery. The number of cells positive for calprotectin in the proximal resection margin was negatively associated with recurrence (P=0.008), as was the elevated level of total calprotectin (from both resection margins). There was no correlation of calprotectin in distal resection margin and endoscopic recurrence. Fecal calprotectin over 100 ug/g (P=0.0005) and high CRP (P<0.001) at 6 months after ileocecal resection and peritonitis (P=0.048) were associated with endoscopic recurrence. CONCLUSION: Approximately half of the patients developed endoscopic recurrence within 6 months after ileocecal resection. The predictive value of tissue calprotectin is questionable, as it is negatively associated with endoscopic recurrence. There are other potentially useful predictors, such as CRP and fecal calprotectin at 6 months after resection and the presence of peritonitis.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc * diagnóza chirurgie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- feces MeSH
- kolonoskopie MeSH
- leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- peritonitida * MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- resekční okraje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
