Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) older adults experience long-term minority stress due to societal norms that lead to discrimination and stigma. The purpose of the research was to compare the differences in subjective psychological well-being among LGBTQ+ older adults according to their living environment. Methods: A purposive sample comprising 318 LGBTQ+ older adults was recruited for the quantitative survey. In the initial stage, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted. To examine the aim of the study, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed, followed by a post hoc analysis to identify any variations in the perception of well-being based on the living environment. Results: Significant differences in well-being among LGBTQ+ older adults across living environments were observed for three items (p < 0.05): WB1 - ... I feel cheerful and in good spirits, WB2 - ... I feel calm and relaxed and WB4 - ... I wake up feeling fresh and rested. With post hoc analysis, we showed statistically significant differences in the perception of subjective psychological well-being according to the three living environments. Conclusion: Our findings indicate significant variations in subjective psychological well-being among LGBTQ+ older adults across different residential settings in Slovenia. While these findings may not generalise to other settings, further research using larger samples and in other EU countries should explore the role of living environments on LGBTQ+ older adults' subjective psychological well-being.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Quality of Life MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Urban Population statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Sexual and Gender Minorities * psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Rural Population statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Environment * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovenia MeSH

Sborník příspěvků z kolokvia, které se zaměřilo na dějiny epidemií v městech v Českých zemích ve středověku a novověku. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.; Jedenáctý svazek řady Documenta Pragensia Supplementa zahrnuje příspěvky z kolokvia, který pod názvem totožným s titulkem organizoval Archiv hl. města Prahy.Sborník obsahuje pestrou paletu příspěvků od historiků, archivářů, památkářů, etnografky, archeologů a paleopatologa. Prahy se týká mj. stať o počátcích očkování proti neštovicím nebo stať o morovém sloupu v pražské zoo.

• MeSH
• History, 17th Century MeSH
• History, 18th Century MeSH
• History, 19th Century MeSH
• History of Medicine MeSH
• History, Early Modern 1451-1600 MeSH
• History, Medieval MeSH
• Epidemics history   MeSH
• Urban Population history   MeSH
• Cities history   epidemiology   MeSH
• Urban Health history   MeSH
• Check Tag
• History, 17th Century MeSH
• History, 18th Century MeSH
• History, 19th Century MeSH
• History, Medieval MeSH
• Publication type
• Congress MeSH
• Collected Work MeSH
• News MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH
• Austria-Hungary MeSH
• Holy Roman Empire MeSH
• Cities history   epidemiology   MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• epidemiologie
• humanitní vědy a umění

OBJECTIVES: To determine how social factors influence career decisions of dental service providers, particularly focusing on examining the impact of dentists' origins. METHODS: Online survey of Hessian panel dentists, with pairwise comparisons to a set of factors impacting their decision-making process. An Analytic Hierarchy Process examined the weighting of influencing drivers in career choice. RESULTS: Dentists from rural backgrounds were more likely to establish practices in rural areas than those from urban origins. Origin correlated with entrepreneurial intentions and a strong association of rural origin. Dentists who grew up in rural areas were 4.19 times more likely to start a business. CONCLUSION: These findings may support efficient resource allocation and support for rural dental businesses.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Small Business MeSH
• Professional Practice Location MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Rural Population MeSH
• Career Choice * MeSH
• Rural Health Services MeSH
• Dentists statistics & numerical data   psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Germany MeSH

This study examines whether exposure to ambient temperature in nineteenth-century urban space affected the ratio of boys to girls at birth. Furthermore, we investigate the details of temperature effects timing upon sex ratio at birth. The research included 66,009 individual births, aggregated in subsequent months of births for the years 1847-1900, i.e. 33,922 boys and 32,087 girls. The statistical modelling of the probability of a girl being born is based on logistic GAM with penalized splines and automatically selected complexity. Our research emphasizes the significant effect of temperature in the year of conception: the higher the temperature was, the smaller probability of a girl being born was observed. There were also several significant temperature lags before conception and during pregnancy. Our findings indicate that in the past, ambient temperature, similar to psychological stress, hunger, malnutrition, and social and economic factors, influenced the viability of a foetus. Research on the effects of climate on the sex ratio in historical populations may allow for a better understanding of the relationship between environmental factors and reproduction, especially concerning historical populations since due to some cultural limitations, they were more prone to stronger environmental stressors than currently.

• MeSH
• History, 19th Century MeSH
• History, 20th Century MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Urban Population * MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Sex Ratio * MeSH
• Parturition MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Temperature * MeSH
• Cities MeSH
• Check Tag
• History, 19th Century MeSH
• History, 20th Century MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Historical Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Cities MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading global cause of death. Due to the disparities in cardiovascular risk factors between rural and urban populations, this study aims to assess the differences in the prevalence of risk factors in urban and rural areas of eastern Croatia. METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 280 participants (140 from urban and 140 from rural areas) registered at studied general practice offices. Methods included e-health records, questionnaire, physical examination methods, and blood sampling for laboratory tests. RESULTS: The most common risk factors among participants were elevated total cholesterol (83.6%), elevated LDL cholesterol (81.8%), increased body mass index (75.0%), increased waist-hip ratio (82.9%), increased waist circumference (63.2%), and arterial hypertension (70.1%). The rural participants had a significantly higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (p = 0.023), increased body mass index (p = 0.004), increased waist circumference (p = 0.004), increased waist-hip ratio (p < 0.001), and increased LDL cholesterol (p = 0.029), while the urban participants had a significantly higher prevalence of insufficient physical activity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In the examined sample, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is generally high. Participants from rural areas are significantly more susceptible to cardiovascular risk factors than participants from urban areas.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Body Mass Index MeSH
• Cardiovascular Diseases * epidemiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Urban Population * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Waist-Hip Ratio MeSH
• Prevalence MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Heart Disease Risk Factors MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Rural Population * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Croatia MeSH

• Keywords
• Bosí lékaři,
• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Delivery of Health Care history   organization & administration   MeSH
• Education, Medical history   methods   MeSH
• Medicine, Chinese Traditional MeSH
• Rural Population MeSH
• Rural Health Services * history   organization & administration   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Geographicals
• China MeSH

Přehledový článek shrnuje výsledky českého lidského biomonitoringu za téměř tři dekády své existence. Národní biologický monitoring byl ve Státním zdravotním ústavu v Praze uveden do činnosti v roce 1994 v rámci Systému monitorování zdravotního stavu obyvatelstva České republiky ve vztahu k životnímu prostředí, aby byl posléze navázán na evropské a světové odborné aktivity v této oblasti. V jeho průběhu byla sledována celá škála organických i anorganických xenobiotik a esenciálních látek v krvi, moči a vlasech dospělé a dětské populace, v mateřském mléce kojících žen a také v dalších, méně obvyklých matricích. Výstupem jsou cenné dlouhodobé časové řady, které mj. ukazují, jakým způsobem mohou fungovat zavedená preventivní opatření v praxi a jak korespondují se snižující se expozicí populace. Na druhé straně lze jeho prostřednictvím ověřit, zda a jak rychle může dojít k expozici člověka nově používaným chemickým látkám. Správně interpretované výsledky lidského biologického monitoringu jsou důležité pro odborníky z oblasti veřejného zdraví ke stanovení referenčních hodnot, k porovnání se zdravotními limity, k hodnocení zdravotních rizik, pro účely zdravotní politiky i k mezinárodnímu srovnání. Ve vhodně zpracované podobě mohou sloužit k informovanosti a vzdělávání laické veřejnosti o zátěži lidské populace chemickými látkami z prostředí. Dlouhodobé zkušenosti z oblasti českého biologického monitoringu umožňují Státnímu zdravotnímu ústavu účast v mnoha zahraničních projektech, zaměřených na sledování expozice různých populačních skupin chemickým látkám z prostředí.

The article summarises the results of Czech Human Biomonitoring over a period of three decades. Human biomonitoring in the Czech Republic was commenced at the National Institute of Public Health, Prague, in 1994 as part of the Environmental Health Monitoring System and was later linked to European and worldwide professional activities in this area. During the course of this project the whole range of organic and inorganic xenobiotics and essential substances was monitored in the blood, urine and hair of the adult and child populations, in the breast milk of breastfeeding women and in other, less common matrices. The results have provided valuable long-term time series that show how established preventive measures can work in practice and how they correspond to decreasing population exposure. Results can also be used to verify whether or not, and how quickly, can individuals be exposed to newly used chemical substances. Results of human biological monitoring are important for public health professionals to establish reference values, to provide comparison with health limits, to assess health risks, for health policy purposes and international comparison. Appropriately processed results can serve to inform and educate the public about human population burden by chemical substances in the environment. Long-term experience in the field of human biomonitoring enables experts of the National Institute of Public Health to participate in many foreign projects focused on monitoring the exposure of various population groups to chemical substances from the environment.

• MeSH
• Biomarkers blood   urine   MeSH
• Biological Monitoring * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Milk, Human chemistry   MeSH
• Urban Population MeSH
• Hazardous Substances analysis   MeSH
• Environmental Exposure * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Cílem odborné expertízy bylo posouzení a analýza hluku vyvolaného křikem havranů hnízdících na stromech parkové zeleně panelového sídliště v Táboře. Výsledky obsahují popis a vyhodnocení měření, modelování imisní akustické situace a hodnocení zdravotních rizik hluku (HRA) pro odhad hlukové zátěže obyvatel obytné zástavby městského sídliště a školy. Měření hluku bylo organizováno jako technické měření v pěti dílčích lokalitách v chráněném venkovním prostoru a na jednom místě uvnitř školy. Měření probíhalo nepřetržitě s kontinuálním záznamem se vzorkovací frekvencí 1 s. K vyhodnocení byl použit program Brüel & Kjaer Evaluator Type 7820. Akustický model byl vytvořen v prostředí výpočtového softwaru LimA. Hodnocení zdravotních rizik (HRA) bylo zpracováno dle vybraných částí Autorizačního návodu AN 15/04 SZÚ. Pro dokumentaci výsledků byla také použita akustická kamera SoundCam. Naměřené hodnoty ekvivalentních hladin akustického tlaku LAeq,T křiku havranů se pohybovaly ve venkovním prostoru sídliště od 61,5 do 68,0 dB, hladina zbytkového hluku se pohybovala od 26,9 až do 29,1 dB. Uvnitř školy při otevřeném okně byla naměřena hodnota LAeq,T = 64,8 dB. Negativní účinek vlivu hluku na veřejné zdraví z křiku hnízdících havranů lze předpokládat v oblasti obtěžování a rušení spánku, které mohou být vyvolány stresovou reakcí na vysoké hladiny hluku a jeho charakter. Pro hodnocení tohoto zdroje hluku nejsou stanoveny hygienické limity, proto bylo použito hodnocení podle vztahů pro obtěžování průmyslovým hlukem. Procento vysoce obtěžovaných osob lze označit za neakceptovatelné.

The aim of the consultant's report was to assess and analyze noise caused by the screams of rooks nesting in the trees of the greenery of a housing estate in Tábor. The results include a description and evaluation of the measurements, modeling of the immission acoustic situation and assessment of the health risks of noise (HRA) for the estimation of the noise burden on the residents of the urban housing estate and the school. The noise measurement was organized as a technical measurement in five sub-locations in a protected outdoor area and in one location inside the school. The measurement took place continuously with a continuous recording with a sampling frequency of 1 s. The Brüel & Kjaer Evaluator Type 7820 program was used for the evaluation. The acoustic model was created in the LimA computing software environment. The HRA was processed according to selected parts of the Authorization Instructions AN 15/04 SZÚ. A SoundCam acoustic camera was also used to document the results. The measured values of the equivalent sound pressure levels LAeq,T of rooks' screams ranged from 61.5 to 68.0 dB in the outdoor area of the housing estate, the residual noise level ranged from 26.9 to 29.1 dB. Inside the school, with the window open, the value LAeq,T = 64.8 dB was measured. The negative impact of noise on public health from the screeching of nesting rooks can be anticipated in the area of annoyance and sleep disturbance, which may be caused by the stress response to high noise levels and its character. Hygienic limits are not set for the evaluation of this noise source, therefore the evaluation according to the industrial noise disturbance relations was used. The percentage of highly annoyed people can be described as unacceptable.

• MeSH
• Noise * adverse effects   MeSH
• Health Impact Assessment MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Urban Population MeSH
• Loudness Perception MeSH
• Crows * MeSH
• Environmental Exposure MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH

PURPOSE: The global health workforce suffers long-term understaffing in remote and underserved areas. To attract young doctors for rural work, it is necessary to identify the main motivating factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pilot survey with 201 general practitioner trainees in the Czech Republic was conducted using a structured questionnaire. The response rate was 67%. RESULTS: Not only financial support motivates general practitioner trainees for rural work. A combination of incentives from sources other than medical would greatly increase the chance for general practitioner trainees to work in rural regions. CONCLUSIONS: To what extent can the survey outcomes relate with other European regions needs to be investigated further.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Workforce MeSH
• General Practitioners * MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Rural Population MeSH
• Rural Health Services * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

BACKGROUND: Within the past two decades, Ethiopia has achieved one of the fastest reductions of open defecation worldwide. This change can be attributed to the implementation of a national sanitation strategy that focused on facilitating community demand for latrine adoption and use of basic self-constructed latrines but less on other preconditions of hygienic sanitation. Recognition of sanitation by policymakers also catalyzed primary research in this area. As such, the synthesis of the available evidence is both warranted and possible. In this article, we thus decided to assess available primary evidence on the household-level sanitation in Ethiopia and its influencing factors. METHODS: We searched primary studies that present findings on the role of factors influencing household-level sanitation outcomes in Ethiopia. We typologically classified sanitation outcomes analyzed in identified literature and computed pooled estimates for the most prevalent ones (measures of latrine availability and use). We characterized thematic types (themes and sub-themes) of influential sanitation drivers and used network analysis to examine the relational patterns between sanitation outcomes and their influencing factors. FINDINGS: We identified 37 studies that met our inclusion criteria-all but one published after 2009. The general latrine coverage pooled across 23 studies was 70% (95% CI: 62-77%), the share of improved latrines pooled across 15 studies was 55% (95% CI: 41-68%), and latrine use pooled across 22 studies was 72% (95% CI: 64-79%). Between-study heterogeneity was high, and no time trends were identified. The identified sanitation outcomes were classified into eight types and factors reported to influence these outcomes were classified into 11 broader themes and 43 more specific sub-themes. Factors around the quality of latrines represented the most frequent sub-theme of consequential drivers. We found that the available research focused predominantly on outcomes concerning the initial adoption and use of basic latrines, emulating the main focus of national sanitation strategy. By contrast, research on drivers of the sustainability of sanitation change and, in particular, on the upgrading of latrines, has been rare despite its urgency. There is a high need to redirect the focus of sanitation research in Ethiopia towards understanding these factors on both the demand and supply side.

• MeSH
• Family Characteristics MeSH
• Hygiene MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Sanitation * MeSH
• Toilet Facilities * MeSH
• Rural Population MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Systematic Review MeSH
• Geographicals
• Ethiopia MeSH