- MeSH
- amébová dyzenterie diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- ceftriaxon aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- Entamoeba histolytica MeSH
- epiglotitida diagnóza terapie MeSH
- infekční nemoci * diagnóza epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metronidazol aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- praziquantel aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- Schistosoma MeSH
- schistosomiasis mansoni diagnóza epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Keňa MeSH
Kočka patří k nejstarším domestikovaným zvířatům žijícím vedle člověka již několik tisíciletí. Ve spektru endoparazitů u domácích koček dominují druhy parazitů s heteroxenním vývojovým cyklem adaptovaným na vztah mezi predátorem a jeho kořistí. Poznání tasemnic v populacích koček v ÈR zásadně ovlivňuje to, že data z toulavých, městských nebo „outdoorových“ koček je obtížné vůbec získat. Představy o parazitofauně českých koček tak pochází především z vyšetřování koček typicky domácích, kde je výskyt heteroxenních parazitů velmi nízký. Tasemnice koček v ÈR zahrnují především Taenia taeniaeformis a Dipylidium caninum; alarmující je ale riziko možného zapojení kočky do cyklu E. multilocularis, vyvolávající významné orgánové infekce člověka. Odpověď na otázku, jak významným rezervoárem tasemnice Echinococcus multilocularis kočka je, zasluhuje v ÈR intenzivní výzkum.
Cats belong among the oldest domesticated animals, living side by side with humans for several millennia. Spectrum of endoparasites of domestic cats is dominated by parasites with heteroxenous life cycles, cycling among the predators and their prey. Knowledge on tapeworms in cats in Czechia is influenced by a fact, that data from street, stray or feral cats are difficult to obtain. Our knowledge thus originates mostly from indoor cats, where the occurrence of heteroxenous parasites is very low. Most frequently detected tapeworms in cats are Taenia taeniaeformis and Dipylidium caninum. However, there is an alarming risk of involvement of cats in the life cycle of Echinococcus multilocularis, causing severe organ echinococcosis in humans. Yet, answer to the question of the importance of cats as a reservoir of E. multilocularis in Czechia requires intense research.
BACKGROUND: Parasitic conjunctivitis caused by Philophthalmus spp. is a common ophthalmic disease in birds, with localized outbreaks occurring worldwide. There is no consensus on treating this disease; mechanical removal is considered a standard recommendation, but is associated with disease relapses within days or weeks. METHODS: From 2015 to 2020, we examined 4295 Larus michahellis and Larus fuscus gulls in southern Portugal for the presence of Philophthalmus spp. Due to the need to treat dozens of infected gulls in the rescue station, we tested three treatment regimens aimed at targeting Philophthalmus lucipetus in the infected gulls: (I) the ophthalmic application of levamisole; (II) the oral application of milbemycin in combination with praziquantel; and (III) the subcutaneous application of ivermectin. RESULTS: The outbreak of philophthalmosis in gulls in southern Portugal has been ongoing since the first cases were reported in 2015-2016. The prevalence of philophthalmosis has fluctuated annually, peaking a maximum of 10.3% in L. fuscus in 2017 and at 2.1% in L. michahellis in 2016. The infection intensity peaked at a median of 11.5 eye-flukes per host bird in L. fuscus in 2016 and a median of six eye-flukes per host bird in L. michahellis in 2017. Nine gulls were infected with >50 eye-flukes. None of the treatment options were effective at treating P. lucipetus infections: the numbers of eye-flukes in the infected birds did not decrease, and the clinical signs of the disease did not change. CONCLUSIONS: An outbreak of philophthalmosis in southern Portugal has massively affected two species of gulls in the region. Two previously suggested philophthalmosis treatments (ocular levamisole and praziquantel given orally), as well as a third mode of treatment with a previously failed compound (ivermectin administered subcutaneously) were used. However, the treatments did not affect the numbers of P. lucipetus in the eyes of the treated gulls. Further research should address ophthalmic gel formulations or sub-conjunctival delivery mode for antihelminthic drugs that are effective against Philophthalmus spp. in vitro.
- MeSH
- anthelmintika * terapeutické užití MeSH
- Charadriiformes * parazitologie MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda * parazitologie MeSH
- ivermektin MeSH
- levamisol MeSH
- praziquantel terapeutické užití MeSH
- ptáci MeSH
- Trematoda * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Portugalsko MeSH
The presence of some species of helminths is associated with changes in host microbiota composition and diversity, which varies widely depending on the infecting helminth species and other factors. We conducted a prospective case-control study to evaluate the gut microbiota in children with Opisthorchis felineus infection (n=50) before and after anthelmintic treatment and in uninfected children (n=49) in the endemic region. A total of 99 children and adolescents aged between 7 and 18 years were enrolled to the study. Helminth infection was assessed before and at 3 months after treatment with praziquantel. A complex examination for each participant was performed in the study, including an assessment of the clinical symptoms and an intestinal microbiota survey by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of stool samples. There was no change in alpha diversity between O. felineus-infected and control groups. We found significant changes in the abundances of bacterial taxa at different taxonomic levels between the infected and uninfected individuals. Enterobacteriaceae family was more abundant in infected participants compared to uninfected children. On the genus level, O. felineus-infected participants' microbiota showed higher levels of Lachnospira, Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides, Eubacterium eligens group, Ruminiclostridium 6, Barnesiella, Oscillibacter, Faecalitalea and Anaerosporobacter and reduction of Blautia, Lachnospiraceae FCS020 and Eubacterium hallii group in comparison with the uninfected individuals. Following praziquantel therapy, there were significant differences in abundances of some microorganisms, including an increase of Faecalibacterium and decrease of Megasphaera, Roseburia. Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia abundances were decreased up to the control group values. Our results highlight the importance of the host-parasite-microbiota interactions for the community health in the endemic regions.
- MeSH
- anthelmintika terapeutické užití MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- DNA bakterií MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- opistorchióza farmakoterapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- praziquantel terapeutické užití MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra účinky léků MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Silymarin (SIL) represents a natural mixture of polyphenols showing an array of health benefits. The present study, carried out on a model cestode infection induced by Mesocestoides vogae tetrathyridia in the ICR strain of mice, was aimed at investigating the impact of SIL as adjunct therapy on the activity of praziquantel (PZQ) in relation to parasite burden, immunity and liver fibrosis within 20 days post-therapy. In comparison with PZQ alone, co-administration of SIL and PZQ stimulated production of total IgG antibodies to somatic and excretory-secretory antigens of metacestodes and modified the expression patterns of immunogenic molecules in both antigenic preparations. The combined therapy resulted in the elevation of IFN-γ and a decline of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in serum as compared to untreated group; however, SIL attenuated significantly the effect of PZQ on IL-4 and stimulated PZQ-suppressed phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages. In the liver, SIL boosted the effect of PZQ on gene expression of the same cytokines in a similar way as was found in serum, except for down-regulation of PZQ-stimulated TNF-α. Compared to PZQ therapy, the infiltration of mast cells into liver after SIL co-administration was nearly abolished and correlated with suppressed activities of genes for collagen I, collagen III and α-SMA. In conclusion, co-administration of SIL modified the effects of PZQ therapy on antigenic stimulation of the immune system and modulated Th1/Th2/Tregs cytokines. In liver this was accompanied by reduced fibrosis, which correlated with significantly higher reduction of total numbers of tetrathyridia after combined therapy as compared with PZQ treatment.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- cestodózy farmakoterapie MeSH
- cytokiny účinky léků MeSH
- down regulace účinky léků MeSH
- Mesocestoides účinky léků MeSH
- myši inbrední ICR MeSH
- myši MeSH
- praziquantel aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- silymarin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Exposition to pharmaceutical compounds released to the environment is considered as a potential risk for various organisms. We exposed Arabidopsis thaliana plants to naproxen (NAP) and praziquantel (PZQ) in 5 µM concentration for 2 days and recorded transcriptomic response in their roots with the aim to estimate ecotoxicity and to identify gene candidates potentially involved in metabolism of both compounds. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug NAP up-regulated 105 and down-regulated 29 genes (p-value ≤ 0.1, fold change ≥ 2), while anthelmintic PZQ up-regulated 389 and down-regulated 353 genes with more rigorous p-value ≤ 0.001 (fold change ≥ 2). High number of up-regulated genes coding for heat shock proteins and other genes involved in response to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as down-regulation of genes involved in processes such as cell proliferation, transcription and water transport indicates serious negative effect of PZQ. NAP up-regulated mostly genes involved in various biological processes and signal transduction and down-regulated mainly genes involved in signal transduction and electron transport or energy pathways. Further, two cytochrome P450s (demethylation) and one methyltransferase (methylation of carboxyl group) were identified as candidates for phase I and several glutathione- and glycosyltransferases (conjugation) for phase II of NAP metabolism. Cytochrome P450s, glutathione and glycosyltransferases seem to play role also in metabolism of PZQ. Up-regulation of several ABC and MATE transporters by NAP and PZQ indicated their role in transport of both compounds.
- MeSH
- anthelmintika farmakologie MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní farmakologie MeSH
- Arabidopsis účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- biologický transport účinky léků MeSH
- down regulace MeSH
- glutathion metabolismus MeSH
- glykosyltransferasy metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- methyltransferasy metabolismus MeSH
- naproxen farmakologie MeSH
- praziquantel farmakologie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- proteiny teplotního šoku metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin účinky léků MeSH
- signální transdukce účinky léků MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- transkriptom účinky léků MeSH
- transport elektronů účinky léků MeSH
- upregulace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Schistosomóza je po malárii druhým nejrozšířenějším tropickým onemocněním. V České republice se tato nákaza vyskytuje výhradně jako nákaza importovaná z endemických oblastí. Pro močovou schistosomózu je rizikovým faktorem koupání v kontaminované vodě. Prezentovaná kazuistika popisuje případ mladého 37letého muže s pozitivní cestovatelskou anamnézou, jenž byl urologem došetřován pro opakovanou asymptomatickou mikrohematurii doprovázenou leukocyturií nereagující na antibiotickou terapii. Podle doplněného CT vyšetření a cystoskopie byla vysloveno podezření na karcinom močového měchýře. Byla provedena transuretrální resekce suspektního ložiska močového měchýře, histologicky byla v preparátu nalezena těla parazitů. Podrobnější parazitologické vyšetření potvrdilo diagnózu močové schistosomózy. Pacient byl předán do péče infektologů, byl léčen antihelmintikem praziquantelem, aktuálně je bez známek recidivy onemocnění. Vzhledem k vyššímu riziku vzniku spinocelulárního karcinomu močového měchýře by měli být pacienti s touto diagnózou dlouhodobě urologicky sledováni.
Schistosomiasis is the second most widespread tropical desease after malaria. This infection occurs as an infection imported from endemicareas into the Czech Republic. Swimming in the contaminated water is a risk factor of the schistosomiasis. The presented case report describesthe case of a young 37-years-old man with a positive traveler's history and repeated asymptomatic microhemathuria accompaniedby antibiotic non-responsive leukocytes. According to the completed CT examination and cystoscopy, suspicion of bladder cancer wasreported. Transurethral resection of suspected bladder tumor was performed, histologically parasite bodies were found in the preparation.A more detailed parasitological examination confirmed the diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis. The patient was assigned to the care ofinfectious agents, he was treated with an antihelmintic praziquantel, currently without evidence of recurrence of the disease. Because ofthe higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, patients with this diagnosis should be monitored with repeated cystoscopy.
- MeSH
- cystitida diagnostické zobrazování etiologie MeSH
- cystoskopie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hematurie diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory močového měchýře prevence a kontrola MeSH
- praziquantel terapeutické užití MeSH
- schistosomóza * diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
This study evaluated efficacy and toxicity of the pyrazinoisoquinoline anthelmintic praziquantel (PZQ) in barbel infected with metacercariae of Diplostomum spathaceum and adult Pomphorhynchus laevis, and assessed antioxidant biomarkers and the lipid peroxidation response in juvenile barbel post-treatment. The estimated 96-hr LC50 of PZQ was 28.6 mg/L. For evaluation of efficacy, barbel naturally infected with D. spathaceum were exposed to a 10 and 20 mg/L PZQ 4-day bath treatment. Both concentrations were 100% effective against D. spathaceum and significantly (p < .01) affected the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase as well as levels of reduced glutathione in liver and muscle. The efficacy of orally administered PZQ was assessed in adult barbel naturally infected with P. laevis. Fish were administered 10, 30 and 50 mg/kg of body weight and examined via gut dissection after 6 days. The 50 mg/kg dose significantly decreased the intensity of infection. Praziquantel is a feasible bath treatment for barbel infected with D. spathaceum and has potential for oral treatment of broodfish infected with P. laevis.
- MeSH
- Acanthocephala účinky léků MeSH
- anthelmintika farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- Cyprinidae fyziologie MeSH
- helmintózy zvířat parazitologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda parazitologie prevence a kontrola veterinární MeSH
- náhodné rozdělení MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- praziquantel farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- Trematoda účinky léků MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Rosacea (růžovka) je chronické zánětlivé onemocnění pilosebaceózní jednotky postihující obličej, především jeho střední partie. Etiologie onemocnění je multifaktoriální. Patologický mechanismus zahrnuje zejména dysregulaci vrozené imunity, vaskulárního a nervového systému a poruchu bariérové funkce kůže. Léčba rosacey se řídí závažností projevů, psychickým dopadem choroby na pacienta a adherencí konkrétní osoby k léčbě. Dělí se na léčbu místní, celkovou, fyzikální a chirurgickou. Nezbytná je i vhodná doplňující léčba, především správně zvolená dermokosmetika. Důležitou součástí léčebných opatření je i vyloučení, nebo alespoň minimalizace provokačních faktorů.
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease of a pilosebaceous gland. It affects face, mostly its central parts. The etiology of the disease is multifactorial. Above all, the pathological mechanisms include dysregulation of an innate immunity, of both vascular and nervous systems, and an impairment of a barrier system. Rosacea therapy should be chosen with respect to severity of its clinical picture, to psychic impairment of the patient and to his/her compliance. Therapy includes systemic, local, physical, and surgical approaches. Appropriate supplemental therapy, especially well chosen dermocosmetics, is necessary. Importantly, the influence of provocative factors should be eliminated or, at least, minimized.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- antiinfekční látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- dermatologické látky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- isotretinoin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- ivermektin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- kosmetické přípravky terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyseliny dikarboxylové terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metronidazol aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- praziquantel terapeutické užití MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- rosacea * diagnóza etiologie klasifikace patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases worldwide and the infection is frequently found in travelers and migrants. The European Network for Tropical Medicine and Travel Health conducted a sentinel surveillance study on imported schistosomiasis between 1997 and 2010. This report summarizes epidemiological and clinical data from 1,465 cases of imported schistosomiasis. Direct pathogen detection and serology were the main diagnostic tools applied. Of these, 486 (33%) cases were identified among European travelers, 231 (16%) among long-term expatriates, and 748 (51%) among non-European immigrants. Overall, only 18.6% of travelers had received pretravel advice; 95% of infections were acquired in the African region. On species level, Schistosoma mansoni was identified in 570 (39%) and Schistosoma haematobium in 318 (22%) cases; 57.5% of patients were symptomatic. Acute symptoms were reported in 27% of patients leading to earlier presentation within 3 months. Praziquantel was used in all patients to treat schistosomiasis. Many infections were detected in asymptomatic patients. In 47.4% of asymptomatic patients infection was detected by microscopy and in 39% by serology or antigen testing. Schistosomiasis remains a frequent infection in travelers and migrants to Europe. Travelers should be made aware of the risk of schistosomiasis infection when traveling to sub-Saharan Africa. Posttravel consultations particularly for returning expatriates are useful given the high potential for detecting asymptomatic infections.
- MeSH
- anthelmintika terapeutické užití MeSH
- cestování statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- osoby s přechodným pobytem a migranti statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- praziquantel terapeutické užití MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- schistosomóza diagnóza farmakoterapie epidemiologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
- subsaharská Afrika epidemiologie MeSH