The treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a dismal prognosis. The allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is frequently performed as salvage therapy. Reduced intensity conditioning protocols have been developed with the aim of reducing the leukemia burden without increasing their toxicity. We compared the reduced intensity conditioning FM140 (fludarabine, 150 mg/m2; melphalan 140 mg/m2) with FBM110 (fludarabine 150 mg/m2; BCNU, also known as carmustine, 300-400 mg/m2; and melphalan 110 mg/m2). From the European Bone Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Acute Leukemia Working Party registry, we identified 293 adult patients (FM140, n = 118 and FBM110, n = 175) with AML with relapsed/refractory disease prior to allo-HCT. There were some differences such as age (FM140 = 59.5 years vs. FBM110 = 65.1 years, p < 0.001) and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis based on in vivo T-cell depletion (TCD, FM140 = 39% vs. FBM110 = 75%, p < 0.001). No differences were observed between FM140- and FBM110-treated patients regarding overall survival (OS) (2-year OS: 39.3% vs. 45.7%, p = 0.58), progression-free survival (PFS) (2-year PFS: 36.1% vs. 37.3%, p = 0.69), non-relapse mortality (NRM) (2-year NRM: 15.3% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.10) and relapse incidence (RI) (2-year RI: 48.6% vs. 37.0%, p = 0.7). In conclusion, despite differences in age and GvHD prophylaxis, AML patients with active disease undergoing allo-HCT after FBM110 conditioning showed similar outcomes compared to FM140.
- MeSH
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute * therapy mortality MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Transplantation, Homologous methods MeSH
- Carmustine therapeutic use administration & dosage MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Melphalan * therapeutic use administration & dosage MeSH
- Transplantation Conditioning methods MeSH
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use MeSH
- Recurrence MeSH
- Registries * MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation * methods MeSH
- Vidarabine * analogs & derivatives therapeutic use administration & dosage MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
BACKGROUND: Over the past two decades, the global incidence of gout has markedly increased, affecting people worldwide. Considering the side effects of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor drugs (e.g. allopurinol and febuxostat) used in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout, the potential application of phytochemicals has been widely studied. In addition, XO also takes part in the elimination of certain drugs, including 6-mercaptopurine. In the current explorative study, we aimed to examine the potential effects of tea catechins, resveratrol, silymarin flavonolignans and some of their conjugated metabolites on XO-catalyzed xanthine and 6-mercaptopurine oxidation, applying in vitro assays and modeling studies. RESULTS: Catechins, resveratrol and resveratrol conjugates exerted no or only weak inhibitory effects on XO. Silybin A, silybin B and isosilybin A were weak, silychristin was a moderate, while 2,3-dehydrosilychristin was a potent inhibitor of the enzyme. Sulfate metabolites of silybin A, silybin B and isosilybin A were considerably stronger inhibitors compared to the parent flavonolignans, and the sulfation of 2,3-dehydrosilychristin slightly increased its inhibitory potency. Silychristin was the sole flavonolignan tested, where sulfate conjugation decreased its inhibitory effect. CONCLUSION: 2,3-Dehydrosilychristin seems to be a promising candidate for examining its in vivo antihyperuricemic effects, because both the parent compound and its sulfate conjugate are highly potent inhibitors of XO. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
- MeSH
- Enzyme Inhibitors * chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Catalysis MeSH
- Catechin * chemistry analogs & derivatives pharmacology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mercaptopurine * chemistry pharmacology metabolism MeSH
- Oxidation-Reduction * MeSH
- Resveratrol * chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Silymarin * pharmacology chemistry MeSH
- Xanthine chemistry metabolism pharmacology MeSH
- Xanthine Oxidase * antagonists & inhibitors metabolism chemistry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Alopecia areata is a common autoimmune disease which results in reversible hair loss. Janus kinase inhibitors are prescribed for severe alopecia areata with encouraging results. There are no studies comparing the efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors to traditional treatment options, such as topical immunomodulators and traditional immunosuppressants. AIMS: To retrospectively compare the efficacy and safety of baricitinib, an approved Janus kinase inhibitor, to other treatments for severe AA during a 6-month treatment period. MATERIALS/METHODS: We included patients with newly presenting, relapsing or treatment-resistant alopecia areata with Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score ≥ 50, for the period between July 2021 and July 2023. Medical histories were reviewed and possible side effects were recorded. Primary endpoints were SALT ≤ 20 and SALT ≤ 10 after 6 months of treatment. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients (53 females) were divided into three groups: topical immunomodulators (51 patients); baricitinib (19 patients); and a group receiving pulsed intramuscular corticosteroids or traditional immunosuppressants (11 patients). Twenty-one patients received more than one treatment options within 2 years. After 6 months, the baricitinib group showed superior efficacy with 32% and 26% of patients achieving SALT ≤ 20 and SALT ≤ 10, compared to 12% and 9% in both other groups. Baricitinib demonstrated better secondary outcomes (50% and 90% reduction from initial SALT scores). All treatments exhibited mild-to-moderate and expected side effects. Weight gain, which had not been reported in clinical trials for alopecia areata, was observed in three baricitinib-treated patients. CONCLUSION: Baricitinib was superior to traditional treatments for severe alopecia areata after 6 months. Weight gain concerned 16% of patients receiving baricitinib.
- MeSH
- Alopecia Areata * drug therapy MeSH
- Azetidines * adverse effects therapeutic use administration & dosage MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use administration & dosage adverse effects MeSH
- Immunologic Factors administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Immunosuppressive Agents * adverse effects therapeutic use administration & dosage MeSH
- Janus Kinase Inhibitors * adverse effects administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Purines * adverse effects administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Pyrazoles * adverse effects administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Retrospective Studies MeSH
- Severity of Illness Index * MeSH
- Sulfonamides * adverse effects administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Serum levels of uric acid (S-UA) are influenced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors; detailed studies of hyperuricemia in children are rare. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the causes, risk factors, and therapeutic approaches associated with the development of hyperuricemia in childhood. METHODS: In a single-center study, serum uric acid levels were analyzed in 33,900 samples from 13,890 children and adolescents<19 years (6760 girls and 7130 boys) obtained between 2013 and 2023. Hyperuricemia was defined as S-UA>370μmol/L (6.22mg/dL) in girls and>420μmol/L (7.06mg/dL) in boys; mild hyperuricemia was defined as 370-420μmol/L in boys<13 years. RESULTS: In the analyzed group, hyperuricemia was found in 1753 patients (12.6%), including 586 girls and 864 boys; mild hyperuricemia was found in 303 boys<13 years. The most common associated conditions were obesity with body mass index>95th percentile (27.8% of girls, 26.3% of boys) and chronic kidney disease (18.6% of boys, 11.4% of girls). Hyperuricemia was also relatively common in children with connective tissue disorders (10.6%) or different inherited metabolic disorders (10.7%). Transitory hyperuricemia was found in 19.1% of girls and 10.1% of boys with acute gastroenteritis. Urate-lowering therapy was used in 73 children and adolescents with severe hyperuricemia (S-UA 556±107μmol/L, fraction excretion of UA 3.27±1.98%). Eight treated children had chronic kidney disease, nine were extremely obese, one had combined antiepileptic therapy, and 55 had inherited metabolic diseases, including 26 children with disorders of purine metabolism. The initial daily dose of allopurinol (50-100mg) normalized the S-UA (350±80μmol/L) in a majority of children, except for extremely obese adolescents (weight 98-149kg) where the dose had to be increased to 200-300mg. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is a relatively common biochemical finding in pediatric clinical practice. The etiology of hyperuricemia should be carefully analyzed, and the value of individualized hyperuricemia management and the eventual benefits of urate-lowering therapy in children must be carefully considered.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Hyperuricemia * blood epidemiology diagnosis MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Uric Acid * blood MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Retrospective Studies MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Severity of Illness Index MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Stability of concentrations of urinary stone-related metabolites was analyzed from samples of recurrent urinary stone formers to assess necessity and effectiveness of urine acidification during collection and storage. METHODS: First-morning urine was collected from 20 adult calcium-stone forming patients at Tomas Bata Hospital in the Czech Republic. Urine samples were analyzed for calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride, citrate, oxalate, and urine particles. The single-voided specimens were collected without acidification, after which they were divided into three groups for storage: samples without acidification ("NON"), acidification before storage ("PRE"), or acidification after storage ("POST"). The analyses were conducted on the day of arrival (day 0, "baseline"), or after storage for 2 or 7 days at room temperature. The maximum permissible difference (MPD) was defined as ±20 % from the baseline. RESULTS: The urine concentrations of all stone-related metabolites remained within the 20 % MPD limits in NON and POST samples after 2 days, except for calcium in NON sample of one patient, and oxalate of three patients and citrate of one patient in POST samples. In PRE samples, stability failed in urine samples for oxalate of three patients, and for uric acid of four patients after 2 days. Failures in stability often correlated with high baseline concentrations of those metabolites in urine. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed procedures are needed to collect urine specimens for analysis of urinary stone-related metabolites, considering both patient safety and stability of those metabolites. We recommend specific preservation steps.
- MeSH
- Urinalysis methods MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
- Uric Acid urine MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Urinary Calculi * urine MeSH
- Specimen Handling methods MeSH
- Recurrence * MeSH
- Urine Specimen Collection methods MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Purine de novo purine synthesis involves 10 reactions catalysed by six enzymes, including phosphoribosylformyglycinamidine synthase (PFAS). To date, genetic defects of three of these enzymes, namely ATIC, ADSL and PAICS, have been characterised in humans. Here, we report for the first time two individuals with PFAS deficiency. Probands were identified through metabolic and genetic screening of neurologically impaired individuals. The pathogenicity of the variants was established by structural and functional studies. Probands C1 and C2 presented with prematurity, short stature, recurrent seizures and mild neurological impairment. C1 had elevated urinary levels of formylglycineamide riboside (FGAr) and bi-allelic PFAS variants encoding the NP_036525.1:p.Arg811Trp substitution and the NP_036525.1:p.Glu228_Ser230 in-frame deletion. C2 is a 20-year-old female with a homozygous NP_036525.1:p.Asn264Lys substitution. These amino acid changes are predicted to affect the structural stability of PFAS. Accordingly, C1 skin fibroblasts showed decreased PFAS content and activity, with impaired purinosome formation that was restored by transfection with pTagBFP_PFAS_wt. The enzymatic activities of the corresponding recombinant mutant PFAS proteins were also reduced, and none of them, after transfection, corrected the elevated FGAR/r levels in PFAS-deficient HeLa cells. While genetic defects in purine de novo synthesis are typically considered in patients with severe neurological impairment, these disorders, especially PFAS deficiency, should also be considered in milder phenotypes.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases with Glutamine as Amide-N-Donor * genetics deficiency metabolism MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Mutation MeSH
- Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors * genetics MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Purines * biosynthesis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Case Reports MeSH
BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms in thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) are a predominant cause of azathioprine-induced leucopenia in Western countries. The exact role of these polymorphisms in the Indian population with dermatological disorders is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of genetic polymorphism of TPMT and its impact on the safety of azathioprine in dermatological disorders. METHODS: We included consecutive patients on azathioprine who were initiated for dermatological disorders from South India. Three TPMT polymorphisms (c.238G>C, c.460G>A and c.719A>G) were assessed. The proportions of adverse events to azathioprine, especially myelosuppression, were compared between those with the wildtype genotype and those with TPMT polymorphisms. RESULTS: Of the 123 patients (61 male and 62 female, mean age 46 years), 65% had an autoimmune blistering disorder. Adverse events to azathioprine were noted in 25 (20.3%), of whom 16 (13.0%) had myelosuppression and 4 (3.2%) each had hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal intolerance. TPMT polymorphisms were detected in 13 (10.6%), of whom 5 had experienced adverse events. The polymorphisms could explain 25% (4 of 16) of the cases of leucopenia. The odds of developing leucopenia in patients with TPMT polymorphism were not significant (odds ratio 3.63, 95% confidence interval 0.96-13.6; P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The tested TPMT polymorphisms could not predict the adverse events of azathioprine, particularly the haematological toxicity, in dermatological use among the South Indian population.
- MeSH
- Azathioprine * adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Genotype MeSH
- Immunosuppressive Agents * adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Clinical Relevance MeSH
- Skin Diseases * drug therapy genetics MeSH
- Leukopenia chemically induced genetics MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methyltransferases * genetics MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Polymorphism, Genetic MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- India MeSH
Úvod: Erektilní dysfunkce (ED) je vysoce prevalenční porucha, která významně ovlivňuje kvalitu života mužů i jejich partnerek. Inhibitory fosfodiesterázy typu 5 (PDE5i), zejména sildenafil, tvoří základní linii farmakologické léčby ED. Tradiční tabletová forma však může být u části pacientů spojena s pomalejším nástupem účinku, vyšším výskytem nežádoucích účinků a sníženou adherencí. Inovativní léková forma – orálně rozpustný film (ORF) s obsahem sildenafilu – byla vyvinuta s cílem tyto limity překonat. Metodika: Článek shrnuje dostupná klinická a farmakokinetická data o účinnosti, bezpečnosti a pacientské preferenci nové lékové formy sildenafilu ve formě ORF. Zohledněna jsou randomizovaná kontrolovaná hodnocení, farmaceutické studie a zkušenosti z klinické praxe. Výsledky: Sildenafil ve formě ORF vykazuje srovnatelnou účinnost jako klasická tableta, přičemž dosahuje rychlejšího nástupu účinku díky částečnému vstřebávání přes sliznici dutiny ústní. Při dávce 50 mg bývá dosaženo optimálního terapeutického efektu u většiny pacientů, což může snižovat výskyt nežádoucích účinků. Léková forma rovněž umožňuje diskrétní užití bez nutnosti zapíjení, čímž zvyšuje komfort a adherenci pacientů. Závěr: ORF s obsahem sildenafilu představuje moderní a klinicky přínosnou alternativu v léčbě ED. Jeho využití může být zvláště vhodné u pacientů s preferencí rychlého nástupu účinku, u osob s dysfagií nebo u těch, kteří upřednostňují diskrétní formu užití. Další výzkum by měl ověřit přínosy této formy v běžné klinické praxi a její vliv na dlouhodobou adherenci a spokojenost pacientů.
Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent disorder that significantly affects the quality of life of men and their partners. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), particularly sildenafil, form the first line of pharmacological treatment for ED. However, the traditional tablet form may be associated with a slower onset of action, a higher incidence of adverse effects, and reduced adherence in some patients. An innovative drug form - an orally dissolvable film (ORF) containing sildenafil - has been developed to overcome these limitations. Methodology: The article summarizes the available clinical and pharmacokinetic data on the efficacy, safety, and patient preference of the new sildenafil dosage form as an orally dissolving film. Randomized controlled trials, pharmaceutical studies, and clinical experience are taken into account. Results: Sildenafil in ORF form shows comparable efficacy to the classic tablet, with a faster onset of action due to partial absorption through the oral mucosa. At a dose of 50 mg, the optimal therapeutic effect is achieved in most patients, which may reduce the incidence of adverse effects. The dosage form also allows for discreet use without the need for water, thereby increasing patient comfort and adherence. Conclusion: An orally dissolvable film containing sildenafil represents a modern and clinically beneficial alternative in the treatment of ED. Its use may be particularly suitable for patients who prefer a rapid onset of action, those with dysphagia, or those who prefer a discreet form of administration. Further research should verify the benefits of this form in routine clinical practice and its impact on long-term adherence and patient satisfaction.
- MeSH
- Administration, Oral MeSH
- Administration, Sublingual MeSH
- Erectile Dysfunction * drug therapy MeSH
- Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors administration & dosage pharmacokinetics therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Sildenafil Citrate administration & dosage pharmacokinetics therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Administration Routes MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Spánek je základní lidskou potřebou, jeho poruchou trpí téměř polovina lidské populace. Bolest hlavy je jedním z nejčastějších zdravotních problémů. Dle WHO jí trpí 50-75 % dospělých. Oba tyto fenomény mají charakter globální zdravotní zátěže. Vztah mezi bolestí hlavy a poruchou spánku je mnohoznačný a komplexní, komorbidita těchto dvou syndromů vede k chronifikaci obou onemocnění, zvyšuje zátěž a vede ke zhoršení obou poruch, snížení kvality života, zvýšení frekvence komplikací a snižuje účinnost léčby.
Sleep is a basic human need, almost half of the human population suffers from its disorder. Headache is one of the most common health problems. According to the WHO, 50-75 % of adults suffer from it. Both of these phenomena have the character of a global health burden. The relationship between headache and sleep disorder is multifaceted and complex, the comorbidity of these two syndromes leads to the chronification of both diseases, increases the burden and leads to the worsening of both disorders, a decrease in the quality of life, an increase in the frequency of complications and a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment.
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is a novel target in cancer (immuno)therapy. Its blockade prevents the formation of immunosuppressive and cancer-promoting adenosine from AMP. Here, we report on the development of a series of small molecules that mimic adenine nucleotides, in which the ribose moiety was replaced by an alkyl chain. Its length was found to be crucial for potency. A crystal structure of the N6-disubstituted acyclic ADP analog 26 (N6-benzyl,N6-methyladenine-9-yl)pentyloxydiphosphonate) in complex with human CD73 revealed that the flexible pentyl linker adopts to interdomain rotation angles differing by up to 18.5°. The most potent CD73 inhibitor of the present series was analog 27 (N6-benzyl,N6-methyladenine-9-yl)hexyloxydiphosphonate, PSB-24000) which exhibited submicromolar potency at human CD73 (Ki 563 nM at soluble CD73; Ki 481 nM at membrane-bound CD73 of triple-negative breast cancer cells). Acyclic nucleotide analogs may be advantageous compared to the previously reported nucleotidic CD73 inhibitors due to their high chemical stability, and because less off-target effects are to be expected. The structure-activity relationships discovered in this study provide valuable insights which will be useful for the development of CD73 inhibitors as immunotherapeutic drugs.
- MeSH
- 5'-Nucleotidase * antagonists & inhibitors metabolism MeSH
- Cisplatin chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- GPI-Linked Proteins antagonists & inhibitors metabolism MeSH
- Enzyme Inhibitors * pharmacology chemistry chemical synthesis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Models, Molecular MeSH
- Molecular Structure MeSH
- Purine Nucleotides * chemistry pharmacology chemical synthesis MeSH
- Pyrimidine Nucleotides * chemistry pharmacology chemical synthesis MeSH
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
- Structure-Activity Relationship MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
