Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is a mitochondrial, biotin-containing enzyme catalyzing the ATP-dependent synthesis of oxaloacetate from pyruvate and bicarbonate, with a critical anaplerotic role in sustaining the brain metabolism. Based on the studies performed on animal models, PC expression was assigned to be glia-specific. To study PC distribution among human neural cells, we probed the cultured human astrocytes and brain sections with antibodies against PC. Additionally, we tested the importance of PC for the viability of cultured human astrocytes by applying the PC inhibitor 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (CPD). Our results establish the expression of PC in mitochondria of human astrocytes in culture and brain tissue and also into a subpopulation of the neurons in situ. CPD negatively affected the viability of astrocytes in culture, which could be partially reversed by supplementing media with malate, 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, or pyruvate. The provided data estimates PC expression in human astrocytes and neurons in human brain parenchyma. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of PC is vital for sustaining the viability of cultured astrocytes.

• MeSH
• astrocyty * metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina pyrohroznová metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek metabolismus   MeSH
• neurony metabolismus   MeSH
• pyruvátkarboxylasa * metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Diatoms are unicellular algae and important primary producers. The process of carbon fixation in diatoms is very efficient even though the availability of dissolved CO2 in sea water is very low. The operation of a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) also makes the more abundant bicarbonate accessible for photosynthetic carbon fixation. Diatoms possess carbonic anhydrases as well as metabolic enzymes potentially involved in C4 pathways; however, the question as to whether a C4 pathway plays a general role in diatoms is not yet solved. While genome analyses indicate that the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum possesses all the enzymes required to operate a C4 pathway, silencing of the pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) in a genetically transformed cell line does not lead to reduced photosynthetic carbon fixation. In this study, we have determined the intracellular location of all enzymes potentially involved in C4-like carbon fixing pathways in P. tricornutum by expression of the respective proteins fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), followed by fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, we compared the results to known pathways and locations of enzymes in higher plants performing C3 or C4 photosynthesis. This approach revealed that the intracellular distribution of the investigated enzymes is quite different from the one observed in higher plants. In particular, the apparent lack of a plastidic decarboxylase in P. tricornutum indicates that this diatom does not perform a C4-like CCM.

• MeSH
• Arabidopsis fyziologie   MeSH
• fosfoenolpyruvátkarboxylasa klasifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• fotosyntéza fyziologie   MeSH
• koloběh uhlíku MeSH
• kukuřice setá fyziologie   MeSH
• mitochondrie enzymologie   MeSH
• pyruvátkarboxylasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese enzymů fyziologie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin fyziologie   MeSH
• rozsivky enzymologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH