Na Psychiatrickou kliniku LF MU a FN Brno byl přijat pacient pro diagnózu delirantního stavu nenasedajícího na demenci. Na základě doplnění anamnézy a dalšího došetřování bylo zjištěno, že příčinou tohoto stavu i přetrvávání části symptomů byla Wernickeova encefalopatie. Na základě této diagnózy mu byla nastavena léčba thiaminem, která dále vedla ke zlepšení stavu. Kvůli přetrvávání ataxie byl pacient dále přeložen na neurologicko-rehabilitační oddělení.
The patient was admitted to the Department of Psychiatry of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno with a diagnosis of a delirious state not superimposed on dementia. Based on a more detailed medical history and another assessment, the cause of this state and of the duration of some symptoms was determined as Wernicke's encephalopathy. Treatment was adjusted accordingly using thiamine, which led to further improvement of the patient's condition. Due to persistent ataxia, the patient was subsequently transferred to the neurology rehabilitation department.
- MeSH
- Ataxia diagnosis MeSH
- Delirium diagnosis MeSH
- Diet * adverse effects MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Thiamine administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Vitamin B Complex administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Wernicke Encephalopathy * diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Graves Disease * diagnosis drug therapy MeSH
- Weight Loss MeSH
- Hyperthyroidism diagnosis drug therapy MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methimazole administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Delayed Diagnosis MeSH
- Pyridoxine administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Antithyroid Agents MeSH
- Vitamin B Complex MeSH
- Vitamin D administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Diabetická neuropatie, zejména pak symetrická distální senzitivně‐motorická polyneuropatie, představuje jednu z nejčastějších pozdních komplikací diabetu. Její prevalence se dle různých statistik pohybuje v obecné populaci diabetiků mezi 10-50 %. S délkou trvání onemocnění a zejména mírou jeho dekompenzace v průběhu času pak její prevalence dále narůstá. Možnosti farmakoterapie jsou v případě tohoto onemocnění do značné míry omezené a její efektivita i tolerance pacientem individuální. Naproti tomu suplementace neurotropními vitaminy, které podporují funkci neuronů a přispívají k jejich ochraně a regeneraci, představuje u těchto pacientů nadějnou možnost prevence i adjuvantní terapie.
Diabetic neuropathy, especially symmetrical distal sensory-motor polyneuropathy, is one of the most common late complications of diabetes. According to various statistics, its prevalence in the general population of diabetics is between 10-50 %, with the duration of the disease and, in particular, the degree of its decompensation over time, its prevalence continues to increase. The possibilities of pharmacotherapy in the case of this disease are largely limited, and its effectiveness and tolerance by the patient are individual. In contrast, supplementation with neurotropic vitamins, which support the function of neurons and contribute to their protection and regeneration, represents a promising possibility for prevention and adjuvant therapy in these patients.
- Keywords
- neurotropní vitaminy,
- MeSH
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant MeSH
- Diabetic Neuropathies * drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Diabetes Complications drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Vitamin B Deficiency diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Vitamin B 12 pharmacology metabolism therapeutic use MeSH
- Vitamin B Complex * pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Antioxidants MeSH
- Antiviral Agents MeSH
- Bioactive Peptides, Dietary immunology therapeutic use MeSH
- COVID-19 MeSH
- Immunomodulating Agents MeSH
- Ascorbic Acid immunology therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Milk * MeSH
- Trace Elements immunology therapeutic use MeSH
- Vitamin B Complex immunology therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Článek podává shrnutí aktuálních informací o funkci, zdrojích a biologické dostupnosti jednotlivých hydrosolubilních vitaminů B‐komplexu a vitaminu C. Dále uvádí výživové referenční hodnoty dle Evropského úřadu pro bezpečnost potravin pro dospělou populaci, důsledky, rizikové skupiny pro vznik hypovitaminóz a možné komplikace při vysokém příjmu těchto sloučenin.
This article summarizes current information about the function, source and bioavailability of individual hydrosoluble B-complex vitamins and vitamin C. Furthemore, it shows dietary reference values stated by European Food Safety Authority for adult population, lists hypovitaminosis high-risk groups and states potential complications that could arise from ingesting these compounds.
- Keywords
- hypervitaminóza,
- MeSH
- Avitaminosis etiology drug therapy physiopathology MeSH
- Ascorbic Acid * physiology therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Vitamin B Deficiency etiology drug therapy physiopathology MeSH
- Ascorbic Acid Deficiency etiology drug therapy physiopathology MeSH
- Vitamin B Complex * physiology therapeutic use MeSH
- Recommended Dietary Allowances MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Obligate symbiotic bacteria associated with the insects feeding exclusively on vertebrate blood are supposed to complement B vitamins presumably lacking in their diet. Recent genomic analyses revealed considerable differences in biosynthetic capacities across different symbionts, suggesting that levels of B vitamins may vary across different vertebrate hosts. However, a rigorous determination of B vitamins content in blood of various vertebrates has not yet been approached. A reliable analytical method focused on B vitamin complex in blood can provide valuable informative background and understanding of general principles of insect symbiosis. In this work, a chromatographic separation of eight B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, and cyanocobalamine), four B vitamin derivatives (niacinamide, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, 4-pyridoxic acid, and tetrahydrofolic acid), and 3 stable isotope labelled internal standards was developed. Detection was carried out using dual-pressure linear ion trap mass spectrometer in FullScan MS/MS and SIM mode. Except for vitamin B9 (tetrahydrofolic acid), the instrument quantitation limits of all analytes were ranging from 0.42 to 5.0 μg/L, correlation coefficients from 0.9997 to 1.0000, and QC coefficients from 0.53 to 3.2%. Optimization of whole blood sample preparation step was focused especially on evaluation of two types of protein-precipitation agents: trichloroacetic acid and zinc sulphate in methanol. The best results were obtained for zinc sulphate in methanol, but only nine analytes were successfully validated. Accuracy of the procedure using this protein-precipitating agent was ranging from 89 to 120%, precision from 0.5 to 13%, and process efficiency from 65 to 108%. The content of B vitamins in whole blood samples from human and various vertebrates is presented as an application example of this newly developed method.
- MeSH
- Chromatography, Liquid methods MeSH
- Folic Acid analysis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methanol MeSH
- Riboflavin analysis MeSH
- Zinc Sulfate MeSH
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods MeSH
- Thiamine analysis MeSH
- Vitamin B Complex * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can also be synthetized from amino acid tryptophan. All of these vitamins are water soluble, which determines their main properties, namely: they are partly lost when food is washed or boiled since they migrate to the water; the requirement of membrane transporters for their permeation into the cells; and their safety since any excess is rapidly eliminated via the kidney. The therapeutic use of B-complex vitamins is mostly limited to hypovitaminoses or similar conditions, but, as they are generally very safe, they have also been examined in other pathological conditions. Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is the only exception because it is a known hypolipidemic agent in gram doses. The article also sums up: (i) the current methods for detection of the vitamins of the B-complex in biological fluids; (ii) the food and other sources of these vitamins including the effect of common processing and storage methods on their content; and (iii) their physiological function.
- MeSH
- Depression prevention & control MeSH
- Diet Therapy MeSH
- Mental Health * MeSH
- Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nutrition Therapy MeSH
- Obesity * diet therapy psychology MeSH
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3 therapeutic use MeSH
- Vitamin B Complex therapeutic use MeSH
- Vitamin D therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Many animals are dependent on microbial partners that provide essential nutrients lacking from their diet. Ticks, whose diet consists exclusively on vertebrate blood, rely on maternally inherited bacterial symbionts to supply B vitamins. While previously studied tick species consistently harbor a single lineage of those nutritional symbionts, we evidence here that the invasive tick Hyalomma marginatum harbors a unique dual-partner nutritional system between an ancestral symbiont, Francisella, and a more recently acquired symbiont, Midichloria. Using metagenomics, we show that Francisella exhibits extensive genome erosion that endangers the nutritional symbiotic interactions. Its genome includes folate and riboflavin biosynthesis pathways but deprived functional biotin biosynthesis on account of massive pseudogenization. Co-symbiosis compensates this deficiency since the Midichloria genome encompasses an intact biotin operon, which was primarily acquired via lateral gene transfer from unrelated intracellular bacteria commonly infecting arthropods. Thus, in H. marginatum, a mosaic of co-evolved symbionts incorporating gene combinations of distant phylogenetic origins emerged to prevent the collapse of an ancestral nutritional symbiosis. Such dual endosymbiosis was never reported in other blood feeders but was recently documented in agricultural pests feeding on plant sap, suggesting that it may be a key mechanism for advanced adaptation of arthropods to specialized diets.
- MeSH
- Francisella genetics metabolism MeSH
- Ixodidae microbiology physiology MeSH
- Gene Transfer, Horizontal MeSH
- Rickettsiales genetics metabolism MeSH
- Symbiosis physiology MeSH
- Vitamin B Complex biosynthesis MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Vitaminy jsou látky organického původu, zařazují se mezi esenciální živiny a až na několik výjimek nemůže být většina vitaminů syntetizována vůbec nebo pouze omezeně. Potřeba vitaminů se pohybuje v malých množstvích a je uváděna v mezinárodních jednotkách (IU) nebo v mg/kg. V organismu se podílejí na širokém spektru metabolických procesů a fungují jako esenciální enzymy, prekurzory enzymů nebo koenzymy v mnoha biochemických reakcích. Např. s vitaminem D úzce souvisí kostní metabolismus, další vitaminy také ovlivňují fyziologii zvířat mnoha dalšími způsoby a mají zdravotní dopady, které přesahují samotné zdraví kostí. Psi a kočky nemohou sami produkovat velké množství vitaminů, proto je třeba získávat je externě z potravy a doplňkových látek. Většina komerčních diet pro psy a kočky poskytuje dostatečné množství vitaminů, ale domácí strava může mít nedostatek nebo nevyvážené množství těchto živin. Některé vitaminy vykazují v nadbytku toxicitu, nejvíce toxické jsou vitamin A a vitamin D. Pozornost bude zaměřena zejména na čtyři vitaminy rozpustné v tucích, A, D, E a K; a deset ve vodě rozpustných vitaminů, jako je thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, cholin, kyselina pantothenová, pyridoxin, biotin, kobalamin, kyselina listová, cholin a vitamin C.
Vitamins are substances of organic origin, they are classified as essential nutrients and, with a few exceptions, most vitamins cannot be synthesized at all or only to a limited extent. The need for vitamins varies in small amounts and is given in International Units (IU) or in mg/kg. In the body, they participate in a wide range of metabolic processes and function as essential enzymes, enzyme precursors or coenzymes in many biochemical reactions. E. g. vitamin D is closely related to bone metabolism, other vitamins also affect animal physiology in many other ways and have health implications that go beyond bone health itself. Dogs and cats cannot produce large amounts of vitamins on their own, so it is necessary to obtain them externally from food and additives. Most commercial diets for dogs and cats provide sufficient amounts of vitamins, but the home diet may be deficient or unbalanced in these nutrients. Some vitamins show excess toxicity, the most toxic are vitamin A and vitamin D. Attention will be focused on four fat-soluble vitamins, A, D, E and K; and ten water-soluble vitamins such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, choline, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, cobalamin, folic acid, choline and vitamin C.
