Current diagnostic methods for dyslexia primarily rely on traditional paper-and-pencil tasks. Advanced technological approaches, including eye-tracking and artificial intelligence (AI), offer enhanced diagnostic capabilities. In this paper, we bridge the gap between scientific and diagnostic concepts by proposing a novel dyslexia detection method, called INSIGHT, which combines a visualisation phase and a neural network-based classification phase. The first phase involves transforming eye-tracking fixation data into 2D visualisations called Fix-images, which clearly depict reading difficulties. The second phase utilises the ResNet18 convolutional neural network for classifying these images. The INSIGHT method was tested on 35 child participants (13 dyslexic and 22 control readers) using three text-reading tasks, achieving a highest accuracy of 86.65%. Additionally, we cross-tested the method on an independent dataset of Danish readers, confirming the robustness and generalizability of our approach with a notable accuracy of 86.11%. This innovative approach not only provides detailed insight into eye movement patterns when reading but also offers a robust framework for the early and accurate diagnosis of dyslexia, supporting the potential for more personalised and effective interventions.
- MeSH
- Reading MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Dyslexia * physiopathology diagnosis classification MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neural Networks, Computer * MeSH
- Fixation, Ocular * physiology MeSH
- Eye Movements physiology MeSH
- Eye-Tracking Technology * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Aphasia * diagnosis classification physiopathology MeSH
- Apraxias diagnosis classification MeSH
- Early Diagnosis * MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential * MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Dyslexia diagnosis classification MeSH
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity * diagnosis epidemiology complications MeSH
- Communication Disorders diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Learning Disabilities diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Professional-Family Relations MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- MeSH
- Dyslexia * diagnosis epidemiology classification MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Education, Graduate * methods organization & administration legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Education methods organization & administration MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Finland MeSH
- Netherlands MeSH
Dyslexie zcela určitě reprezentuje nejčastěji diagnosticky určovaný typ specifické poruchy učení. Navíc je někdy zjednodušeně vnímána jako synonymum této heterogenní skupiny. Navzdory skutečnosti, že se tématem dyslexie zabývají již více než sto let různí odborníci, nemůžeme zatím bezvýhradně přijmout její jednoznačný či výhradní etiologický koncept. S ohledem na dosavadní stejně jako současné vědomosti o jejich subtypech, specifické poruchy čtení mohou být založeny jak na fonologických, tak neocerebelárních dysfunkcích a jiných znevýhodňujících podmínkách. Kromě dyslexie existují rovněž jiné čtenářské obtíže, které by měly být zohledněny v lékařské praxi, např. ty, které souvisejí s konceptem tzv. neverbálních či „pseudo-verbálních“ poruch učení (např. hyperlexie) nebo získané ztráty schopnosti čtení (alexie).
Dyslexia definitely represents the most frequented diagnostically identified type of specific learning difficulty. Moreover, it is sometimes simply comprehended as a synonym of this heterogeneous group. Despite the fact that various specialists have been addressing the issue of dyslexia for over more than a century, a definite and an exclusive etiological concept that can be implicitly accepted remains undersigned to date. Regarding previous as well as contemporary knowledge of its subtypes, specific reading difficulties can be based on phonological, as well as neurocerebellar, dysfunctions and other deficiency states. Besides dyslexia, there are also other reading difficulties which should be considered within the scope of medical practice, e.g. those related to the concept of non-verbal or pseudoverbal learning difficulties (e.g. hyperlexia) or acquired loss of reading ability (alexia).
- MeSH
- Dyslexia classification psychology MeSH
- Music MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- MeSH
- Aphasia diagnosis etiology classification MeSH
- Agraphia diagnosis etiology classification MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential * MeSH
- Dyslexia * diagnosis classification MeSH
- Phonetics MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Linguistics MeSH
- Handwriting MeSH
- Semantics MeSH
- Models, Theoretical * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
