Ergot, fungal genus Claviceps, are worldwide distributed grass pathogens known for their production of toxic ergot alkaloids (EAs) and the great agricultural impact they have on both cereal crop and farm animal production. EAs are traditionally considered as the only factor responsible for ergot toxicity. Using broad sampling covering 13 ergot species infecting wild or agricultural grasses (including cereals) across Europe, USA, New Zealand, and South Africa we showed that the content of ergochrome pigments were comparable to the content of EAs in sclerotia. While secalonic acids A-C (SAs), the main ergot ergochromes (ECs), are well known toxins, our study is the first to address the question about their contribution to overall ergot toxicity. Based on our and published data, the importance of SAs in acute intoxication seems to be negligible, but the effect of chronic exposure needs to be evaluated. Nevertheless, they have biological activities at doses corresponding to quantities found in natural conditions. Our study highlights the need for a re-evaluation of ergot toxicity mechanisms and further studies of SAs' impact on livestock production and food safety.
- MeSH
- apoptóza účinky léků MeSH
- Claviceps chemie MeSH
- HeLa buňky MeSH
- Jurkat buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitochondrie účinky léků MeSH
- mykotoxiny analýza farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- námelové alkaloidy analýza toxicita MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- xantheny analýza toxicita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Results of a survey and study of the Claviceps purpurea group of species in South Africa are being presented and five new species are described. Morphological descriptions are based on the anamorphs and four nuclear genetic loci. Claviceps fimbristylidis sp. nov. on Fimbristylis complanata was discovered wide-spread across five provinces of the country associated with water and represents the fourth Claviceps species recorded from the Cyperaceae. Claviceps monticola sp. nov. is described from Brachypodium flexum growing in mountain forests in Mpumalanga Province, as well as the northern Drakensberg southwards into the Eastern Cape Province. Claviceps pazoutovae sp. nov. is recorded from Stipa dregeana var. dregeana and Ehrharta erecta var. erecta, also associated with these mountain ranges. Claviceps macroura sp. nov. is recorded from Cenchrus macrourus from the Eastern Cape and Claviceps capensis sp. nov. from Ehrharta villosa var. villosa is recorded from the Western Cape Province. Claviceps cyperi, only recorded from South Africa is included in the study. Ergot alkaloid profiles of all species are provided and showed similarity to C. purpurea. Only C. cyperi and in lesser degree C. capensis, C. macroura, and C. pazoutovae produced ergot alkaloids in clinically significant amounts. Several reported species infect invasive grass species, native to South Africa, and thus represent potentially invasive species.
- MeSH
- Claviceps chemie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA fungální chemie genetika MeSH
- elongační faktor 1 genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- lesy MeSH
- MCM komplex, komponenta 7 genetika MeSH
- mikrobiologie životního prostředí * MeSH
- námelové alkaloidy analýza MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- tubulin genetika MeSH
- voda MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Jihoafrická republika MeSH
- MeSH
- biotransformace MeSH
- námelové alkaloidy analýza farmakologie chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
