- MeSH
- Bacteria patogenita MeSH
- houby patogenita MeSH
- imunita MeSH
- infekční nemoci * imunologie komplikace patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- paraziti patogenita MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- viry patogenita MeSH
- zánět imunologie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Medically important pathogenic fungi invade vertebrate tissue and are considered primary when part of their nature life cycle is associated with an animal host and are usually able to infect immunocompetent hosts. Opportunistic fungal pathogens complete their life cycle in environmental habitats or occur as commensals within or on the vertebrate body, but under certain conditions can thrive upon infecting humans. The extent of host damage in opportunistic infections largely depends on the portal and modality of entry as well as on the host's immune and metabolic status. Diseases caused by primary pathogens and common opportunists, causing the top approximately 80% of fungal diseases [D. W. Denning, Lancet Infect Dis, 24:e428-e438, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00692-8], tend to follow a predictive pattern, while those by occasional opportunists are more variable. For this reason, it is recommended that diseases caused by primary pathogens and the common opportunists are named after the etiologic agent, for example, histoplasmosis and aspergillosis, while this should not be done for occasional opportunists that should be named as [causative fungus] [clinical syndrome], for example, Alternaria alternata cutaneous infection. The addition of a descriptor that identifies the location or clinical type of infection is required, as the general name alone may cover widely different clinical syndromes, for example, "rhinocerebral mucormycosis." A list of major recommended human and animal disease entities (nomenclature) is provided in alignment with their causative agents. Fungal disease names may encompass several genera of etiologic agents, consequently being less susceptible to taxonomic changes of the causative species, for example, mucormycosis covers numerous mucormycetous molds.
- MeSH
- houby * klasifikace patogenita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mykózy * mikrobiologie MeSH
- oportunní infekce mikrobiologie MeSH
- terminologie jako téma * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- houby klasifikace patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- infekce dýchací soustavy * etiologie farmakoterapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- infekce získané v komunitě etiologie farmakoterapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky klasifikace metody MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- nozokomiální pneumonie etiologie farmakoterapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- pneumonie etiologie farmakoterapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- viry klasifikace patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
This work aimed to evaluate in vitro antagonistic activities and mechanisms of endophytic yeasts against phytopathogenic fungi. A total of 407 yeast strains isolated from tissue of rice, corn, and sugarcane leaves were evaluated for their antagonistic activities against ten phytopathogenic fungi. Only strains of Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Kodamaea ohmeri were found to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Wickerhamomyces anomalus (seven strains) showed antagonistic activity against Curvularia lunata (cause of dirty panicle disease of rice), three Fusarium moniliforme strains (cause of bakanae disease of rice, stalk rot disease of corn, and red rot disease of sugarcane), and Rhizoctonia solani (cause of sheath blight disease of rice). Whereas four Kodamae ohmeri strains inhibited growth of F. moniliforme (cause of bakanae disease of rice). Antagonistic mechanisms of W. anomalus were based on the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (mainly 3-methyl-1-butyl acetate and 3-methyl-1-butanol), fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes (β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase), and siderophores as well as phosphate and zinc oxide solubilization. As for K. ohmeri, the production of VOCs (mainly 3-methyl-1-butanol), β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase were hypothesized as possible mechanisms. The antagonistic activity of W. anomalus against these phytopathogenic fungi and of K. ohmeri against F. moniliforme, and the analysis of the VOCs produced by K. ohmeri are reported for the first time. Two W. anomalus strains, DMKU-RE13 and DMKU-CE52, were evaluated for controlling rice sheath blight disease caused by R. solani in rice plants in the greenhouse and found to suppress the disease 55.2-65.1%, whereas 3% validamycin suppressed this disease by 88.5%.
- MeSH
- antibióza * MeSH
- biologická ochrana MeSH
- endofyty izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- houby růst a vývoj patogenita MeSH
- kvasinky izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- listy rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci rostlin ekonomika mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny ekonomika mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Thajsko MeSH
- MeSH
- Bacteria * patogenita MeSH
- houby patogenita MeSH
- kontaminace potravin * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami MeSH
- ovoce mikrobiologie MeSH
- saláty mikrobiologie MeSH
- zelenina mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Rapid diagnostics of fungal pneumonia and initiation of appropriate therapy are still challenging. In this study, we used two panfungal assays to test bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples to prove their ability to confirm invasive fungal disease diagnosis and identify causative agents. Two methods targeting different fungal rDNA regions were used, and the obtained PCR products were sequenced directly or after cloning. In total, 106 BALF samples from 104 patients were tested. After sequencing, we obtained 578 sequences. Four hundred thirty-seven sequences were excluded from further analysis due to duplication (n = 335) or similarity with sequences detected in the extraction control sample (n = 102); 141 unique sequences were analyzed. Altogether, 23/141 (16%) of the fungi detected belonged to pathogenic species, and 63/141 (45%) were identified as various yeasts; a variety of environmental or very rare fungal human pathogens represented 29/141 (21%) of the total and 26/141 (18%) were described as uncultured fungus. Panfungal PCR detected fungal species that would be missed by specific methods in only one case (probable cryptococcosis). Panfungal PCR followed by sequencing has limited use for testing BALF samples due to frequent commensal or environmental fungal species pickup.
- MeSH
- bronchoalveolární lavážní tekutina mikrobiologie MeSH
- diagnostické techniky molekulární MeSH
- DNA fungální genetika MeSH
- DNA primery genetika MeSH
- houby genetika izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- imunokompromitovaný pacient * MeSH
- intergenová DNA genetika MeSH
- invazivní mykotické infekce diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cyclophilins (EC 5.2.1.8) belong to a subgroup of proteins known as immunophilins, which also include FK506-binding proteins and parvulins. Members of the immunophilins have two main characteristic properties: (i) peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity and (ii) the ability to bind immunosuppressant molecules of fungal origin. Cyclophilins are some of the most conserved proteins present in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and they have been implicated in diverse cellular processes and responses to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Cyclophilins have been exploited in humans and plants extensively, but they have only recently received attention in regard to phytopathogens. In Phellinus sulphurascens and species of the genus Leptosphaeria and Phytophthora, high expression of cyclophilins was found to be related to infection. Moreover, recent studies of cyclophilins in certain phytopathogens, such as Magnaporthe oryzae, Botrytis cinerea, Cryphonectria parasitica, and Puccinia triticina, demonstrated their roles as a pathogenicity factors. In addition to pathogenicity, cyclophilins have high affinity for the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A, which is a potent antifungal agent. Although cyclophilins are highly conserved in phytopathogens, because they have been less studied, their role remains largely unknown. In this review, we provide detailed information on the cyclophilins in several phytopathogens, including fungi and oomycetes, as well as their role in suppressing plant immunity.
- MeSH
- cyklofiliny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- houby patogenita MeSH
- imunofiliny metabolismus MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
- molekulární modely MeSH
- nemoci rostlin imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- oomycety patogenita MeSH
- rostliny imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- sekvenční seřazení MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Jednu z nejtěžších forem astmatu představuje astma spojené s alergickou přecitlivělostí vůči plísním. V těchto případech často selhává nejen 4. stupeň paušální stupňovité léčby, ale v řadě případů i možnosti 5. stupně léčby dle GINA, jako jsou systémová kortikoterapie a/nebo cílená biologická léčba. Uvedené léčebné modality totiž nejsou schopny ovlivnit ojedinělé specifikum této formy astmatu: skutečnost, že zdroj alergenu, tj. plíseň, kolonizuje dýchací cesty nemocného. Komplexní léčba těchto nemocných v centrech pro těžké astma proto zahrnuje i léčbu antimykotiky. Ani tato léčba však nevede u všech pacientů k uspokojivým výsledkům, navíc je zatížena rizikem nežádoucích účinků a je finančně nákladná. Ve snaze o redukci dávek a délky podávání antimykotik jsme proto u vybraných pěti nemocných doplnili léčbu antimykotiky podáváním systémové enzymoterapie. U celkem tří pacientů jsme dosáhli zřetelného zlepšení klinické odpovědi, u zbývajících dvou nemocných jsme efekt systémové enzymoterapie (pozitivní ani negativní) nezaznamenali. Předkládaná kazuistika popisuje jednu z našich pozitivních zku- šeností a diskutuje pro/kontra.
Bronchial asthma associated with fungal hypersensitivity is one of the most severe asthma types. Both the Step 4 of step-wise asthma treatment strategy, but in many patients also the Step 5 of GINA recommended therapeutic approach, such as systemic corticosteroids and/or targeted biological treatment, often fail in those cases. The above mentioned therapeutic modalities are not able to influence the rare specificity of this asthma type represented by the fact that the source of allergen, i.e. mould, colonizes patient’s airways. Therefore, complex treatment of such patients in severe asthma centres also includes antimycotic drugs. However, even this medication does not provide favourable outcomes in all patients. Moreover, there is a risk of adverse reactions and it is also expensive. In an effort to reduce doses and duration of the antimycotic therapy we augmented the antimycotic therapy with the systemic enzyme therapy in 5 selected patients. The marked improvement of clinical condition was achieved in three patients, while no effect of systemic enzyme therapy (either positive or negative) was observed in other two patients. This case report describes one of our positive experiences and discuss the pros and cons.
- MeSH
- alergie diagnóza imunologie MeSH
- antifungální látky MeSH
- aplikace inhalační MeSH
- biologická terapie MeSH
- bronchiální astma * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- bronchodilatancia MeSH
- celiakie diagnóza MeSH
- dehydratasy aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- enzymoterapie * MeSH
- ezofagitida diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- glukokortikoidy MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- houby * imunologie patogenita MeSH
- itrakonazol aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinace léků salmeterol a fluticason aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methylprednisolon aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- pneumektomie MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- tiotropium bromid aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
