• MeSH
• Appetite * physiology   MeSH
• Appetite Stimulants MeSH
• Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Hormones physiology   MeSH
• Hunger physiology   MeSH
• Homeostasis physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Eating physiology   MeSH
• Psychophysiology MeSH
• Appetite Regulation * physiology   MeSH
• Central Nervous System Stimulants MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

BACKGROUND: Appetite and gastrointestinal hormones (GIHs) participate in energy homeostasis, feeding behavior and regulation of body weight. We demonstrated previously the superior effect of a hypocaloric diet regimen with lower meal frequency (B2) on body weight, hepatic fat content, insulin sensitivity and feelings of hunger compared to the same diet divided into six smaller meals a day (A6). Studies with isoenergetic diet regimens indicate that lower meal frequency should also have an effect on fasting and postprandial responses of GIHs. The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore the effect of two hypocaloric diet regimens on fasting levels of appetite and GIHs and on their postprandial responses after a standard meal. It was hypothesized that lower meal frequency in a reduced-energy regimen leading to greater body weight reduction and reduced hunger would be associated with decreased plasma concentrations of GIHs: gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), peptide YY(PYY), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and leptin and increased plasma concentration of ghrelin. The postprandial response of satiety hormones (GLP-1, PYY and PP) and postprandial suppression of ghrelin will be improved. METHODS: In a randomized crossover study, 54 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) underwent both regimens. The concentrations of GLP-1, GIP, PP, PYY, amylin, leptin and ghrelin were determined using multiplex immunoanalyses. RESULTS: Fasting leptin and GIP decreased in response to both regimens with no difference between the treatments (p = 0.37 and p = 0.83, respectively). Fasting ghrelin decreased in A6 and increased in B2 (with difference between regimens p = 0.023). Fasting PP increased in B2with no significant difference between regimens (p = 0.17). Neither GLP-1 nor PYY did change in either regimen. The decrease in body weight correlated negatively with changes in fasting ghrelin (r = -0.4, p<0.043) and the postprandial reduction of ghrelin correlated positively with its fasting level (r = 0.9, p<0.001). The postprandial responses of GIHs and appetite hormones were similar after both diet regimens. CONCLUSIONS: Both hypocaloric diet regimens reduced fasting leptin and GIP and postprandial response of GIP comparably. The postprandial responses of GIHs and appetite hormones were similar after both diet regimens. Eating only breakfast and lunch increased fasting plasma ghrelin more than the same caloric restriction split into six meals. The changes in fasting ghrelin correlated negatively with the decrease in body weight. These results suggest that for type 2 diabetic patients on a hypocaloric diet, eating larger breakfast and lunch may be more efficient than six smaller meals during the day.

• MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diet therapy   pathology   physiopathology   psychology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Ghrelin blood   MeSH
• Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 blood   MeSH
• Hunger physiology   MeSH
• Insulin Resistance MeSH
• Meals * physiology   psychology   MeSH
• Caloric Restriction methods   MeSH
• Cross-Over Studies MeSH
• Leptin blood   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pancreatic Polypeptide blood   MeSH
• Peptide YY blood   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Body Weight MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide blood   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

• MeSH
• Pinus MeSH
• Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Hunger physiology   drug effects   MeSH
• Clinical Trials as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Overweight epidemiology   complications   therapy   MeSH
• Obesity enzymology   metabolism   MeSH
• Appetite Regulation MeSH
• Seeds metabolism   toxicity   drug effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Newspaper Article MeSH

Pojem ozdravná hladovka alebo pôst sa v odbornej a populárnej literatúre nepoužíva príliš často. Dokonca mnohí lekári a iní medicínsky vzdelaní odborníci sa k tejto problematike vyjadrujú zriedkakedy alebo vôbec nie. Pôst alebo dlhodobé hladovanie je ako dobrovoľné odmietnutie akejkoľvek stravy, teda i štiav jedným z najdôležitejších, ale súčasne najmenej chápaných spôsobov uchovania a obnovy zdravia. Pôst doporučujú a praktizujú všetky veľké náboženstvá: kresťanstvo, islam i budhizmus. Hladovku sami praktizovali a ňou i svojich pacientov liečili mnohí významní liečitelia či osobnosti vedeckého života v minulosti. Môžeme spomenúť napríklad Hippokrata, zakladateľa racionálneho a dynamického lekárstva, nazývaného „otec medicíny“, Abú Alí al-Husayn ibn Abdalláh ibn Sína (Avicenna), Pythagora, Sokratesa, Platóna, ďalej zakladateľa racionálnej hygieny Christopha Wilhelma Hufelanda, či amerického spisovateľa, nositeľa Pulitzerovej ceny Upton Beall Sinclaira. Súčasná západná lekárska veda stratila pôst, pretože podľa nej sleduje čiste náboženské účely očisty duše, ale neprináša žiadny úžitok telu. Fakty však dokazujú opak. V literatúre nájdeme opísané prípady, kedy sa pôstom vyliečili i niektoré nevyliečiteľné ochorenia. Je na samotnej súčasnej medicíne, aby opäť objavila blahodárny vplyv hladovky na organizmus človeka a začala sa seriózne zaoberať výskumom vhodnosti jej indikácie pri rôznych ochoreniach.

Term benefi cial starvation or fasting is not used in the expert or popular literature very frequently. Even many doctors and other medically educated professionals don't comment on the issue very often. Fast or a long-term starvation, perceived as a voluntary rejection of any meals, even the juices is one of the most important, but at the same time currently the least accepted way of retaining and restoring health. Fast is recommended and practiced by all widely spread religions, such as Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. Starvation was practiced and used to treat patients, by various infl uential physicians or personages of scientifi c fi eld in the past. We can refer to, for example, Hippocrates, the founder of a rational and dynamic medicine, dubbed “the father of medicine”,Abú Alí al-Husayn ibn Abdalláh ibn Sína (Avicenna), Pythagorus, Socrates, Plato, then the founder of a rational hygiene Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland, or an American writer and the Pulitzer prize laureate Upton Beall Sinclair. Contemporary western medicine has lost the idea of fasting, because in its opinion it only observes purely religious purposes of a soul absolution, but doesn't deliver any benefi ts to the body. The facts, however, prove this idea wrong. In the published writings, we can even fi nd the cases, in which some fatal diseases were cured by the means of fast. It is up to the contemporary medicine itself to rediscover the benefi cial infl uence of fast on human organism and to begin seriously setting up a research of relevancy of its indications regarding various diseases.

• Keywords
• Slavné historické osobnosti medicíny a filisofie o půstu (Hippokrates, Avicena, Pythagoras, Sokrates a Platón) a z nedávné historie hygienik Ch.W.Hufeland anebo velký americký spisovatel Upton B. Sinclair, Hladovění jako terapeutická metoda,
• MeSH
• History of Medicine MeSH
• Philosophy, Medical history   MeSH
• Hunger physiology   MeSH
• Starvation * metabolism   psychology   therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Religion and Medicine MeSH
• Fasting * physiology   metabolism   psychology   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Historical Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

• Keywords
• evoluce vědomí, psycho - fyzikální paralelismus, kotvy,
• MeSH
• Pain * enzymology   psychology   MeSH
• Taste physiology   MeSH
• Smell physiology   MeSH
• Hunger physiology   MeSH
• Cognitive Science methods   trends   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Evolution, Molecular * MeSH
• Mutation physiology   genetics   MeSH
• Pleasure-Pain Principle MeSH
• Fishes MeSH
• Scyphozoa MeSH
• Fear physiology   psychology   MeSH
• Consciousness * physiology   drug effects   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH

Neuromedin beta (NMB) is a member of the bombesin-like peptide family expressed in brain, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adrenals and adipose tissue. The aim of our study was to compare the frequency of P73T polymorphism in overweight and obese patients (37 men: age 50.6+/-11.7 years, BMI 41.1+/-7.8 kg/m(2); 255 women: age 49.0+/-11.9 years, BMI 37.9+/-6.8 kg/m(2)) with that of healthy normal weight subjects (51 men: age 28.2+/-7.1 years, BMI 22.3+/-2.0 kg/m(2); 104 women: age 29.1+/-9.1 years, BMI 21.5+/-1.9 kg/m(2)) and to investigate the polymorphism's influence on anthropometric, nutritional and psychobehavioral parameters in overweight/obese patients both at the baseline examination and at a control visit carried out 2.5 years later, regardless of the patient s compliance with the weight reduction program. No significant differences in the genotype distribution were demonstrated between normal weight and overweight/obese subjects. Male T allele non-carriers compared to T allele carriers had higher energy (p=0.009), protein (p=0.018) and fat (p=0.002) intakes and hunger score (p=0.015) at the beginning of treatment. Male T allele non-carriers had a more favorable response to weight management at the follow-up, as they exhibited a significant reduction in waist circumference, energy intake and depression score as well as a significant increase in dietary restraint. No significant differences between carriers and non-carriers were demonstrated in women at the baseline examination. Both female T allele carriers and non-carriers demonstrated similar significant changes in nutritional parameters and in restraint score at the follow-up. Nevertheless, only female non-carriers showed a significant decrease in the hunger score.

• MeSH
• Patient Compliance MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Energy Intake genetics   MeSH
• Genotype MeSH
• Hunger physiology   MeSH
• Weight Loss genetics   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Overweight genetics   MeSH
• Follow-Up Studies MeSH
• Neurokinin B analogs & derivatives   genetics   MeSH
• Obesity genetics   MeSH
• Pilot Projects MeSH
• Polymorphism, Genetic * MeSH
• Sex Factors MeSH
• Feeding Behavior physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Light and food are important synchronizers of circadian rhythmicity. In eating disorders, the circadian rhythms of food intake and temperature are abnormal.

• MeSH
• Affect physiology   MeSH
• Bulimia Nervosa physiopathology   psychology   therapy   MeSH
• Appetite physiology   MeSH
• Circadian Rhythm physiology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Phototherapy methods   MeSH
• Hunger physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Anorexia Nervosa physiopathology   psychology   therapy   MeSH
• Eating physiology   MeSH
• Body Temperature physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Controlled Clinical Trial MeSH

Hladovění je velmi působivým léčebným prostředkem, pokud se provádí správně a s porozuměním. Známý a zkušený autor vám vysvětlí, jak se máte na hladovku připravit. Jedním z faktorů přípravné části je také doba, po kterou chcete hladovět. Autor vás ve svém textu poučío různých formách hladovění (například při akutních a chronických onemocněních nebo při narkomanii a alkoholismu), v úvahu bere i věk člověka a věnuje se také otázce tělesné hmotnosti. Jestliže se necháte poučit, budete mít záruku, že si neublížíte a hladovka vám opravdu zázračně pomůže.

• MeSH
• Hunger physiology   MeSH
• Starvation MeSH
• Complementary Therapies MeSH
• Periodicity MeSH
• Publication type
• Handbook MeSH

• Conspectus
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• NML Fields
• alternativní lékařství

• MeSH
• Energy Metabolism physiology   MeSH
• Research Support as Topic MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Hormones physiology   chemistry   secretion   MeSH
• Hunger physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Peptides chemistry   MeSH
• Eating physiology   genetics   MeSH
• Growth Hormone secretion   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Acarbose therapeutic use   MeSH
• Aspirin therapeutic use   MeSH
• Botulinum Toxins therapeutic use   MeSH
• Hunger physiology   MeSH
• Colectomy surgery   MeSH
• Lung Diseases, Obstructive microbiology   MeSH
• Publications utilization   MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH