The aim of this retrospective study of 330 rabbits (164 males, 166 females) was to determine different vertebral formulas and prevalence of congenital vertebral anomalies in rabbits from radiographs of the cervical (C), thoracic (Th), lumbar (L) and sacral (S) segments of the vertebral column. The number of vertebrae in each segment of vertebral column, position of anticlinal vertebra and localisation and type of congenital abnormalities were recorded. In 280/330 rabbits (84.8%) with normal vertebral morphology, seven vertebral formulas were identified: C7/Th12/L7/S4 (252/330, 76.4%), C7/Th12/L6/S4 (11/330, 3.3%), C7/Th13/L7/S4 (8/330, 2.4%), C7/Th12/L7/S5 (4/330, 1.2%), C7/Th12/L8/S4 (3/330, 0.9%), C7/Th12/L7/S6 (1/330, 0.3%) and C7/Th11/L7/S4 (1/330, 0.3%). The anticlinal vertebra was identified as Th10 in 56.4% of rabbits and Th11 in 42.4% of rabbits. Congenital spinal abnormalities were identified in 50/330 (15.2%) rabbits, predominantly as a single pathology (n=44). Transitional vertebrae represented the most common abnormalities (n=41 rabbits) in the thoracolumbar (n=35) and lumbosacral segments (n=6). Five variants of thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae were identified. Cervical butterfly vertebrae were detected in three rabbits. One rabbit exhibited three congenital vertebral anomalies: cervical block vertebra, thoracic hemivertebra and thoracolumbar transitional vertebra. Five rabbits exhibited congenital vertebral abnormalities with concurrent malalignment, specifically cervical kyphosis/short vertebra (n=1), thoracic lordoscoliosis/thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae (n=1), thoracic kyphoscoliosis/wedge vertebrae (n=2) and thoracolumbar lordoscoliosis/thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae/lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (n=1). These findings suggest that vertebral columns in rabbits display a wide range of morphologies, with occasional congenital malformations.
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- hrudní obratle abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- králíci * abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- krční obratle abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- křížová kost MeSH
- kyfóza diagnostické zobrazování veterinární MeSH
- radiografie metody veterinární MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- skolióza diagnostické zobrazování veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci * abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
V literatúre správy o výskyte prechodového lumbosakrálneho stavca v populácii sú v rozpätí 4-36 %. Toto široké rozpätie je v dôsledku rozdielnej diagnostiky a klasifikačných kritérií. Sakralizácia L5 je bežnejšou ako lumbalizácia a jej výskyt je od 1,7-14 % (4). Prechodové stavy stavca L5 obsahujú niekoľko stupňov artikulačnych spojení medzi transverzálnymi výbežkami L5 a prvým sakrálnym segmentom. Castellvi klasifikoval variácie lumbosakrálneho prechodového stavca do štyroch skupín: typ I – dysplastický procesus transversus, typ II – inkompletná lumbalizácia/sakralizácia s unilaterálnou alebo bilaterálnou pseusoartrózou, typ III – kompletná lumbalizácia/ sakralizácia, typ IV – kombinovaná (4). Asymetrická sakralizácia alebo lumbalizácia (tzv. megatransverzus alebo Bartolottiho syndróm) je pravdepodobne zdrojom chronických bolestí. Neoarthros medzi hypertrofickým priečnym výbežkom na jednej strane, atypicky zaťažovaný, páčený kĺb na protiľahlej strane, alebo preťažený segment nad postihnutým miestom, ktoré má minimálnu pohyblivosť, môžu byť rôznou mierou zdrojom chronických bolestí (2). Predkladáme kazuistiku 50-ročnej pacientky s chronickými bolesťami chrbta, ktorej sme zistili kompletnú fúziu L5- S1 segmentu, III. st. podľa Castellviho. Po komplexnej rehabilitačnej liečbe došlo k úprave ťažkostí pacientky, ale domnievame sa, že je riziková. Preťažovanie vyšších segmentov nad blokom, ktoré kompenzujú stratu jedného segmentu, vedú k akcelerácii degeneratívnych zmien a lézii intervertebrálneho disku v lumbálnej oblasti až s možným rozvojom radikulárneho syndrómu.
The literature on the occurrence of transition lumbosacral vertebra in the population reports the range of 4 and 36%. This wide range result from differential approaches to diagnosis and classification criteria. Sacralization of L5 is more common than lumbarization and occurs in the range of 1.7 to 14% (4). The transition states of vertebra L5 include several degrees of articular connections between transversal processus L5 and the first sacral segment. Castellvi classified variations of lumbosacral transition of vertebra into four groups: Type I – dysplastic processus transversus, type II – incomplete lumbarization/sacralizátion with unilateral or bilateral pseudoarthrosis, type III – complete lumbarization/ sacralization, and type IV – combined state (4). Asymmetric sacralization or lumbarization (sc. megatransversus or Bartolotti’s syndrome) is probably the source of chronic pain. Neoarthrosis between hypertrophic transversal processus on one side, atypically loaded, pried/levered/wrested joint on the opposite side or overloaded segment above the affected side, where mobility is minimal, can be the source of chronic pain in various degree (2). The reported case concerns a 50 year female patient with chronic spine pain, where we determined a complete fusion of L5-S1 segment of IIIrd degree according to Castellvi. A complex rehabilitation therapy resulted in adjustment of the patient’s complains, but in our opinion that the patient is at risk. Overload of high segments above the block, which compensates the loss of one segment, follows to acceleration of degenerative changes and lesions of intervertebral disk in lumbar region up to possible development of radicular syndrome.
In our study we focused on the axial rotation of vertebra in transversal plane, because of its important part in development of scoliosis. We have studied the mutual motion of two adjacent vertebrae. If the position of the lower vertebra in the transversal cross-section is regarded as the starting position, then the position of the upper vertebra is described as a result of rotation along the centre of rotation. We were interested in potential fulcrum positions of rotation with regard to the safety of spinal cord that can be endangered by change of spinal canal cross section. From transversal MRI cuts of idiopathic scoliosis we measured real dimensions of spinal cord and canal in thoracic and lumbar spine. Vertebrae rotation was verified by means of simple geometric 2D models with various positions of rotation centres. We applied real average parameters of thoracic and lumbar vertebra. Rotation angles in the models were selected with regard to the range of particular rotations during common movement of healthy spine – 6°/3° thoracic/lumbar vertebra. Further, rotation of thoracic vertebra by 15° was chosen, which is rotation characteristic of scoliosis. The results showed that usually used centre of rotation in the middle of vertebral body is not applicable.
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality anatomie a histologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- hrudní obratle abnormality anatomie a histologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- modely strukturální MeSH
- páteř abnormality anatomie a histologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- rotace MeSH
- skolióza diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- torzní deformity diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Autoři v kazuistickém sdělení popisují výskyt vzácné závažné kongenitální anomálie – syndromu kaudální regrese s jeho pozdní manifestací u dítěte s extrémně nízkou porodní hmotností. Neobvyklá je jak pozdní manifestace anomálie, tak výskyt u dítěte, které bez jiných závažných důsledků překonalo obtížné perinatální období. Klíčová slova: syndrom kaudální regrese, extrémně nízká porodní hmotnost
Authors presents the case report of rare congenital anomaly – caudal regression syndrome and his late manifestation in the extremely low birth weight infant. The unusual late manifestation of the anomaly in child who succesfully come through difficulty of perinatal period is described. Key words: caudal regression syndrome, extremely low birth weight
- Klíčová slova
- syndrom kaudální regrese,
- MeSH
- bederní obratle * abnormality radiografie MeSH
- fekální inkontinence * diagnóza etiologie vrozené MeSH
- inkontinence moči * diagnóza etiologie vrozené MeSH
- křížová kost * abnormality radiografie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- novorozenec s extrémně nízkou porodní hmotností MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- opožděná diagnóza MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- syndrom MeSH
- těhotenství při diabetu MeSH
- vrozené vady MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Vertebral column pathologies requiring surgical intervention have been described in pet ferrets, however little information is available on the normal vertebral formula and congenital variants in this species. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe vertebral formulas and prevalence of congenital vertebral anomalies in a sample of pet ferrets. Radiographs of 172 pet ferrets (96 males and 76 females) were included in this retrospective study. In 143 ferrets (83.14%), five different formulas of the vertebral column were recorded with normal morphology of vertebrae (rib attachment included) but with a variable number of thoracic (Th), lumbar (L), and sacral (S) vertebrae. The number of cervical (C) vertebrae was constant in all examined animals. Observed vertebral formulas were C7/Th14/L6/S3 (51.74%), C7/Th14/L6/S4 (22.10%), C7/Th14/L7/S3 (6.98%), C7/Th15/L6/S3 (1.74%), and C7/Th15/L6/S4 (0.58%). Formula C7/Th14/L6/S4 was significantly more common in males than in females (P < 0.05). Congenital spinal abnormalities were found in 29 ferrets (16.86%), mostly localized in the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral regions. The cervical region was affected in only one case. Transitional vertebrae represented the most common congenital abnormalities (26 ferrets) in the thoracolumbar (13 ferrets) and lumbosacral regions (10 ferrets) or simultaneously in both regions (three ferrets). Other vertebral anomalies included block (two ferrets) and wedge vertebra (one ferret). Spina bifida was not detected. Findings from the current study indicated that vertebral formulas may vary in ferrets and congenital abnormalities are common. This should be taken into consideration for surgical planning.
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- fretky abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- hrudní obratle abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- krční obratle abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- křížová kost abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- páteř abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- žebra abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ledviny abnormality MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetné abnormality ultrasonografie MeSH
- těhotenství při diabetu ultrasonografie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ultrasonografie prenatální MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Congenital malformations such as lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and spina bifida occulta constitute unrare anomalies and could affect the symptomatology of low back pain. A transitional vertebra is characterized by elongation of one or both transverse processes, leading to the appearance ofa sacralized fifth lumbar vertebra or a lumbarized first sacral vertebra. Furthermore, sacral spina bifida occulta is a developmental anomaly that corresponds to the incomplete closure of the vertebral column. In the present case report, we describe a case of a dried sacrum presenting a partially sacralized fifth lumbar vertebra and total spina bifida, extended from first to fifth sacral vertebra. A pseudoarthrosis is formed on the left side and the specimen could be incorporated in Castellvi's type IIa. Moreover, the incidence, morphology, clinical and surgical significance of these spinal malformations are discussed.
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality MeSH
- křížová kost abnormality MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- spina bifida occulta patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Rigid structural spine scoliosis of a child and even non progressive congenital scoliosis (e.g. isolated hemivertebra) can be treated by hypercorrective brace in full day regime. The article shows the new type of corrective brace with adjustable force effect. The brace consists of 3 stiff parts connected by joints and telescopes. The parts of brace are made from plastic according to plaster form of child trunk. The joints allow only mutual turning brace parts at frontal plane. The special telescopes were developed which operated with prescribed forces, it means the brace and trunk parts are mutually turned at prescribed moments. The article shows the algorithm for calculation of spine stress state, and spine curve correction for given brace with adjusted telescope forces. The second algorithm calculates the telescope forces for demanded spine curve correction. The computer program can be used for computer aid design of brace forces. The force effect of the new type of brace is demonstrated on a 14 months old boy with congenital scoliosis of lumbar spine (hemivertebra L1 and L3 on the right side). Curvature measured according to Coob was changed after application of this brace from 47.5° to 32.0°.
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality patofyziologie MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- design vybavení metody MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mechanický stres MeSH
- skolióza patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- výztuhy normy trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Vyd. 1. 89 s. : il. (některé barev.) ; 31 cm
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality MeSH
- defekty neurální trubice diagnóza chirurgie terapie MeSH
- diagnostické techniky neurologické MeSH
- fraktury páteře diagnóza chirurgie terapie MeSH
- hrudní obratle abnormality MeSH
- malformace nervového systému MeSH
- nemoci páteře diagnóza chirurgie terapie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
- NLK Obory
- ortopedie
Neurosurgery, ISSN 0148-396X Vol. 63, no. 3, suppl., 2008
227 s. : il., tab. ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality chirurgie MeSH
- hrudní obratle abnormality chirurgie MeSH
- management nemoci MeSH
- zakřivení páteře patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- sborníky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- neurovědy
- neurochirurgie
