INTRODUCTION: The indication for endoscopic third ventriculostomy is often contested in children younger than 1 year. This study aims to establish the benefits of this modality in children with idiopathic congenital aqueductal stenosis. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients <1 year old with idiopathic congenital aqueductal stenosis undergoing endoscopic third ventriculostomy between 2004 and 2020. Preoperative cerebral imaging was performed in all cases. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy efficacy and overall patient outcome were evaluated over the entirety of the monitoring period averaging 146 months (range, 34-218 months). Outcome was assessed by modified Rankin Scale score. Treatment success was assessed in relation to the Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Success Score (ETVSS), patient age, and perioperative findings of membranes in the interpeduncular cistern. RESULTS: The study comprised 14 children aged from 6 to 280 days, mean age 16 weeks, with 11 patients aged <6 months. The characteristic presentation was progressive macrocephaly, with the setting sun sign in 2 cases. The overall Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Success Score was 52.1%, whereas endoscopic third ventriculostomy was successful in 12 patients (85.7%) in the first year postoperation and in 11 cases (78.6%) in the long term. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy failure was not related to patient age (P > .99) or perioperative findings of interpeduncular cistern membranes (P = .51). Patient outcome averaged modified Rankin Scale score 1. Most children were without or with minimal disability. CONCLUSIONS: We consider endoscopic third ventriculostomy a safe and effective modality for the initial treatment of patients aged <1 year presenting with congenital aqueductal stenosis-based hydrocephalus.
- MeSH
- hydrocefalus * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- neuroendoskopie * metody MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- třetí mozková komora * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- ventrikulostomie * metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is an effective treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus. Secondary stoma closure may be life threatening and is the most common reason for late ETV failure, mostly secondary to local scarring. Local stents intended to maintain patency are rarely used. In this study, we summarize our experience using stented ETV (sETV), efficacy, and safety. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data was retrospectively collected from all consecutive patients who underwent ETV with stenting at four centers. Collected data included indications for using sETV, hydrocephalic history, surgical technique, outcomes, and complications. RESULTS: Sixty-seven cases were included. Forty had a primary sETV, and 27 had a secondary sETV (following a prior shunt, ETV, or both). The average age during surgery was 22 years. Main indications for sETV included an adjacent tumor (n = 15), thick or redundant tuber cinereum (n = 24), and prior ETV failure (n = 16). Fifty-nine patients (88%) had a successful sETV. Eight patients failed 11 ± 8 months following surgery. Reasons for failure included obstruction of the stent, reabsorption insufficiency, and CSF leak (n = 2 each), and massive hygroma and tumor spread (n = 1 each). Complications included subdural hygroma (n = 4), CSF leak (n = 2), and stent malposition (n = 1). There were no complications associated with two stent removals. CONCLUSION: Stented ETV appears to be feasible and safe. It may be indicated in selected cases such as patients with prior ETV failure, or as a primary treatment in cases with anatomical alterations caused by tumors or thickened tuber cinereum. Future investigations are needed to further elucidate its role in non-communicating hydrocephalus.
- MeSH
- hydrocefalus * chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- neuroendoskopie * metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- stenty * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- třetí mozková komora * chirurgie MeSH
- ventrikulostomie * metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
Práce je zaměřena na využití neuroendoskopie v řešení vybraných vývojových vad CNS u dětí. Představuje neuroendoskopickou techniku, postupy a některé jednotky, vhodné k řešení neuroendoskopem v praxi dětského neurochirurga. Jedná se zejména o formy obstrukčního hydrocefalu, řešení hydrocefalu spojeného s vrozenými cévními malformacemi, řešení arachnoidálních cyst různé lokalizace. Zajímavostí je endoskopická resekce hypothalamického hamartomu, která je účinná v léčbě refrakterní epilepsie.
This paper focuses on the use of neuroendoscopy for treatment of selected central nervous system developmental defects in children. It introduces neuroendoscopic armamentarium, methods and some conditions suitable for a neuroendoscopic approach in pediatric neurosurgery.
- MeSH
- cévní malformace chirurgie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malformace nervového systému * chirurgie MeSH
- neurochirurgické výkony MeSH
- neuroendoskopie metody MeSH
- vrozené vady chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The authors present the unusual case of a 15-year-old boy with a primary empty sella caused by non-communicating hydrocephalus due to fourth ventricle outflow obstruction whose secondary symptoms of growth hormone deficiency and delayed puberty were successfully treated by endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy (ETV). Hypopituitarism occurs only rarely in cases of hydrocephalus; rarer still are cases where hypopituitarism is the sole symptom of hydrocephalus. A primary empty sella may indicate elevated intracranial pressure; if the cause is non-communicating hydrocephalus, ETV is indicated as the preferred treatment modality.
- MeSH
- čtvrtá mozková komora patologie MeSH
- hydrocefalus komplikace patologie chirurgie MeSH
- hypopituitarismus etiologie chirurgie MeSH
- intrakraniální hypertenze etiologie chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- neuroendoskopie metody MeSH
- opožděná puberta etiologie chirurgie MeSH
- růstový hormon nedostatek MeSH
- třetí mozková komora chirurgie MeSH
- ventrikulostomie * MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Olfaction is an important sensory input that obviously affects many daily activities. However, olfactory dysfunction (hyposmia and anosmia) leads to a pronounced decrease in quality of life. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to olfactory changes after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the effects of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery on olfaction and compare different surgical techniques. Based on selected studies, the endoscopic approach, in comparison with the microscopic approach, seems to be superior in terms of preservation of olfactory function, although the quality of data from these studies is generally poor. The best results were observed when the endoscopic approach was used without harvesting of the nasoseptal flap.
- MeSH
- adenom chirurgie MeSH
- chirurgické laloky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- čich MeSH
- endoskopické operace přirozenými otvory škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- hypofýza chirurgie MeSH
- klínová kost chirurgie MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrochirurgie škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- nádory hypofýzy chirurgie MeSH
- neuroendoskopie škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- poruchy čichu etiologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Cysts of the Cavum septi pellucidi (CSP), cavum vergae (CV) and cavum veli interpositi (CVI) are anterior midline intracranial findings which are typically incidental - only rarely do we encounter symptomatic cysts of this type. Only a quite small number of these cysts series have been published, controversies regarding optimal management still exist. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 10 patients treated at 2 clinics between 2002-2018. 9 patients underwent surgery and 1 is under long-term monitoring. Apart from demographic data, the study analyzed symptoms, cyst size and progression over time, ventricle size, complications, and treatment modality. RESULTS: CSP with CV was found in 8 cases with 1 case each of CSP and CVI. The study comprised 6 men and 4 women, including 4 children. The mean follow-up time was 43.4 months. The average cyst size was 20.4 mm in CSP and 19.8 mm in CV; the CVI was 33 mm. Headache was most commonly reported (70%) followed by behavioral disturbance (30%). Disturbance in memory, psychomotor development, school performance, visual acuity, and vomiting was variously noted in 20%. The prevailing symptom was headache in adults and behavioral and autonomic disturbance in children. Postoperatively, cysts had reduced by an average of 44.3% while the ventricles remained unchanged. Symptoms resolved in all cases with residual problems in patients presenting with memory loss. No complications were noted. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic fenestration is the method of choice in the treatment of symptomatic midline cysts. We recommend that any further research focuses on precisely establishing their clinical presentation, particularly neuropsychological symptoms.
- MeSH
- cysty centrálního nervového systému diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádory mozku diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- neuroendoskopie metody MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- septum pellucidum diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- audiovizuální média MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Clinical examination, including pre- and postoperative assessment of olfaction function, should be included in evaluating surgical outcomes in patients with pituitary adenomas. Most of the studies are lacking assessment of olfactory function. METHODS: A prospective study of 143 patients who underwent surgical resection of pituitary adenomas from January 2014 to December 2017 was performed. Data on clinical presentation, pre- and postoperative neurologic, endocrinologic, and ophthalmologic examinations, complications, and follow-up outpatient examinations were recorded. Olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks odor identification test preoperatively, postoperatively (3 months), and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: Normosmia was present preoperatively in 93.7% of patients, postoperatively in 95.8% of patients, and in 95.1% 1 year postsurgery. Hyposmia was present preoperatively in 4.2% of patients, postoperatively in 2.1% of patients, and in 1.4% 1 year after surgery. Anosmia was present preoperatively in 2.1% of patients, postoperatively in 2.1% of patients, and in 3.5% 1 year after surgery. In patients with preoperative normosmia, postoperative hyposmia and anosmia were present in 1.5% of patients. There were no differences according to age, sex, size, or type of pituitary adenoma. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of olfactory function should be included in the analysis of pituitary adenoma surgery results. This prospective study showed low risk of olfaction deterioration if an endoscopic endonasal approach is used without any mucosal flaps for skull base reconstruction. Further studies that include objective olfaction assessment are warranted.
- MeSH
- adenom chirurgie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endoskopické operace přirozenými otvory škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádory hypofýzy chirurgie MeSH
- neuroendoskopie škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- nos MeSH
- pooperační komplikace epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- poruchy čichu epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: We present an infant with an expansive posterior fossa arachnoid cyst and severe clinical deterioration due to decompensated obstructive hydrocephalus. Given the dilated Sylvius aqueduct, we favoured the endoscopic transfrontal transaqueductal route to approach the cyst. CASE REPORT: A 12-month-old boy was acutely admitted for severe symptoms of intracranial hypertension. Imaging revealed spacious cystic formation in the posterior fossa with expansive behaviour towards the brain stem, fourth ventricle and cerebellum associated with obstructive triventricular hydrocephalus. The patient underwent electromagnetically navigated transfrontal transaqueductal cyst fenestration with simultaneous ETV from two precoronal trajectories with a rigid endoscope. CONCLUSION: A transaqueductal approach with a rigid endoscope is rarely published, and we were amazed by the impact on the child's clinical improvement after this minimally invasive endoscopic procedure. The case is well documented with imaging and perioperative neuroendoscopic views.
- MeSH
- arachnoidální cysty komplikace chirurgie MeSH
- elektromagnetické jevy MeSH
- hydrocefalus etiologie chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuroendoskopie metody MeSH
- neuronavigace metody MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- třetí mozková komora chirurgie MeSH
- ventrikulostomie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
