- Klíčová slova
- pankreatoskopie,
- MeSH
- cholangiopankreatografie endoskopická retrográdní MeSH
- endosonografie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nedostatek lecitin cholesterol acyltransferázy diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- pankreas * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- pankreatektomie MeSH
- pankreatitida komplikace MeSH
- vývody pankreatu diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most deadly solid malignancy, is typically detected late and at an inoperable stage. Early or incidental detection is associated with prolonged survival, but screening asymptomatic individuals for PDAC using a single test remains unfeasible due to the low prevalence and potential harms of false positives. Non-contrast computed tomography (CT), routinely performed for clinical indications, offers the potential for large-scale screening, however, identification of PDAC using non-contrast CT has long been considered impossible. Here, we develop a deep learning approach, pancreatic cancer detection with artificial intelligence (PANDA), that can detect and classify pancreatic lesions with high accuracy via non-contrast CT. PANDA is trained on a dataset of 3,208 patients from a single center. PANDA achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.986-0.996 for lesion detection in a multicenter validation involving 6,239 patients across 10 centers, outperforms the mean radiologist performance by 34.1% in sensitivity and 6.3% in specificity for PDAC identification, and achieves a sensitivity of 92.9% and specificity of 99.9% for lesion detection in a real-world multi-scenario validation consisting of 20,530 consecutive patients. Notably, PANDA utilized with non-contrast CT shows non-inferiority to radiology reports (using contrast-enhanced CT) in the differentiation of common pancreatic lesion subtypes. PANDA could potentially serve as a new tool for large-scale pancreatic cancer screening.
- MeSH
- deep learning * MeSH
- duktální karcinom pankreatu * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- pankreas diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- umělá inteligence MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pankreas * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování zranění MeSH
- poranění břicha chirurgie diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Séria dvoch kazuistík rozoberá diferenciálnu diagnostiku nebolestivého ikteru u starších ľudí a poukazuje na autoimunitnú pankreatitídu ako jednu z jeho zriedkavejších príčin. V rámci pátrania po príčine je prvým krokom vylúčenie malígneho pôvodu obštrukcie pomocou klinického obrazu, zobrazovacích vyšetrení, a EUS navigovanou biopsiou. Na možnosť diagnózy autoimunitnej pankreatitídy môže spočiatku upozorniť zobrazovacie vyšetrenie, ale pri fokálnom postihnutí je odlíšenie od nádoru nespoľahlivé. Vyšetrenie protilátok IgG4 môže priblížiť diagnostiku IgG4 asociovanej chronickej pankreatitídy 1. typu. Histologické vyšetrenie pankreasu pomôže odhaliť typické črty autoimunitnej pankreatitídy, ako sú lymfoplazmocytárny infiltrát, storiformná fibróza, obliterujúca flebitída a zvýšený počet IgG4 pozitívnych plazmocytov. Na základe týchto kritérií je možné začať liečbu steroidmi, pričom typickou je rýchla odpoveď v zmysle poklesu cholestatických markerov a bilirubínu. Pacienti s autoimunitnou pankreatitídou vyžadujú dlhodobé sledovanie jednak za účelom úpravy liečby v prípade recidív, pre riziko vývoja exokrinnej a endokrinnej insuficiencie, a v prípade IgG4 asociovanej pankreatitídy aj pre riziko systémového orgánového postihnutia. Zvýšené riziko nádoru pankreasu je stále predmetom diskusií.
A series of two case reports discusses the differential diagnosis of painless jaundice in the elderly and points to autoimmune pancreatitis as one of its rarer causes. In search for the cause, the first step is to rule out the malignant origin of the obstruction using the clinical picture, imaging examinations, and EUS-guided biopsy. An imaging examination can initially point to the possibility of autoimmune pancreatitis, but in the case of focal pancreatic involvement the distinction from cancer is unreliable. Elevated concentration of IgG4 antibodies can further increase the probability of IgG4-associated pancreatitis. Histological examination of the pancreas will help reveal typical features of autoimmune pancreatitis such as lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, storiform fibrosis, obliterating phlebitis and increased number of IgG4 positive plasma cells. Once the diagnosis is probable, it is advisable to start a treatment with steroids. A quick decrease in cholestatic markers and bilirubin is typical. Patients with autoimmune pancreatitis require long-term follow-up, to adjust the treatment in case of relapses, the risk of developing exocrine or endocrine insufficiency, and in case of IgG4 associated disease due to the risk of other organ systems involvement. The risk of pancreatic cancer is still a matter of discussion.
- MeSH
- autoimunitní pankreatitida diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- imunoglobulin G analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obstrukční žloutenka * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- pankreas anatomie a histologie diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- prednison aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Úvod: Skupina neuroendokrinných tumorov vychádzajúca z buniek pankreasu sa nazýva pankreatické neuroendokrinné tumory (PNET). Kombinácia EUS a elastografie (EG) rozširuje diagnostické a zobrazovacie možnosti. Ciele: Cieľom našej práce bolo zistiť zastúpenie obrazov B-módu pre PNET, vyhodnotenie typického EG obrazu PNET, využitie „strain ratio“ (SR) a „strain histogram“ (SH) v diferenciálnej diagnostike PNET, stanovenie „cut off“ hodnoty SR a SH pre PNET a porovnanie štandardizovaných meraní s literatúrou. Metódy: Do štúdie boli zaradení pacienti vyšetrovaní na Internej klinike gastroenterologickej. Celkovo bolo vyšetrených 31 pacientov. Do súboru bolo zaradených 25 pacientov (8 mužov, 17 žien). Priemerný vek bol 52,76 roka (14–74). Všetkým zaradeným pacientom bolo realizované neinvazívne vyšetrenie endoskopická ultrasonografia. Po lokalizácii ložiska ultrasonograficky bol prvý záznam realizovaný po zmrazení obrazu v B-móde s vykonaním merania jeho veľkosti. Následne bolo realizované „strain“ elastografické meranie. V sledovanej skupine sme zaznamenali priemernú veľkosť 12,75 mm. Výsledky: Charakteristiky obrazu v B-móde pre PNET boli v 68 % hypoechogénne, v 12 % hyperechogénne, v 12 % izoechogénne a v 8 % zmiešanej echogenity. PNET boli v B-móde v 80 % ostro ohraničené a v 20 % neostro ohraničené. Presnosť priradenia elastografickej hodnoty typickej pre malígne nádory pankreasu bola pre PNET 96 % s použitím 5-stupňovej klasifikácie a 88 % s použitím 4-stupňovej klasifikácie. Senzitivita zaradenia PNET medzi malígne nádory bola pri „cut off“ SR > 3,2 80 % a SH < 50 100 %. Diskusia: Vzhľadom na priemerné veľkosti nádorov pozorované v našej štúdii, EUS prináša vysokú senzitivitu v diagnostike PNET v čase, kedy je u nich ešte možné aj miniinvazívne odstránenie. Okrem typického obrazu hypoechogenity a menej často popisovaných obrazov hyperechogenity a izoechogenity pre PNET, sme pozorovali aj echogenitu zmiešanú. Elastografický kvalitatívny obraz „strain“ hodnotený štvor- a päť- stupňovou klasifikáciou sa ukázal ako spoľahlivý pri odlíšení PNET a GNET od benígnych nádorov. V kvantitatívnej elastografii sú hodnoty SR a SH na pomedzí malígnych a benígnych ložísk pankreasu, jedným z dôvodou takýchto výsledkov môže byť rôznorodosť tejto skupiny nádorov pri rôznej mitotickej aktivite – „grade“. Záver: Konzistentnosť nami publikovaných výsledkov ukazuje použiteľnosť tejto metódy v prípade rozhodovania o definitívnej diagnóze, ak histológia nádoru nie je a nemôže byť dostupná.
Introduction: The group of neuroendocrine tumors derived from pancreatic cells is called pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). The combination of EUS and elastography (EG) expands diagnostic and imaging capabilities. Aim: The aim of our work was to determine the representative images of B-mode for PNET, evaluation of a typical EG image of PNETs, use of strain ratio (SR) and “strain histogram” (SH) in differential diagnosis of PNETs, determination of SR and SH cut off value for PNETs and comparison of standardized measurements with literature. Methods: Patients examined at the Internal Gastroenterology Clinic were included in the cohort. A total of 31 patients were examined. The group included 25 patients (8 men, 17 women). The mean age in group was 52.76 years (14–74). Non-invasive examination by endoscopic ultrasonography was performed on all patients. After locating the lesion by ultrasound, the first recording was made after freezing the image in B-mode and performing size measurement. Subsequently, a Strain elastography measurement was performed. In the monitored group we recorded an average size of 12.75 mm. Results: The characteristics of the image in B-mode were as follows for PNETs 68% hypoechogenic, 12% hyperechogenic, 12% isoechogenic and 8% mixed echogenicity. 80% of PNETs in B-mode were sharply demarcated and 20% with blurred borders. The accuracy of the value assignment typical of pancreatic malignancies using elastography was 96% for PNET in 5-degree classification system and 88% for a 4-degree classification, for SR cut off >3.2 with a sensitivity of 80% and SH cut off <50 100%. Discussion: Given the average tumor sizes observed in our study, EUS provides high sensitivity in PNET diagnostics and allows diagnostics at a time when minimally invasive removal is still possible. In addition to the typical picture of hypoechogenicity and the less frequently described pictures of hyperechogenicity and isoechogenicity for PNET, we also observed mixed echogenicity. The elastographic qualitative strain image evaluated by the four- and five- -degree classification proved to be reliable in distinguishing PNET from benign tumors. In quantitative elastography, the values of SR are between malignant and benign deposits of the pancreas, one of the reasons for such values may be the diversity of this group of diseases with different mitotic activity – grade of the tumor. Conclusion: Consistency of the results published by us, shows the applicability of this method in deciding on a definitive diagnosis if tumor histology is not and cannot be available.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elastografie * MeSH
- endosonografie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- neuroendokrinní nádory * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- pankreas anatomie a histologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic steatosis (PS) has both metabolic consequences and local effects on the pancreas itself. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most reliable non-invasive method for diagnosing PS. We investigated the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) on the presence of PS, differences in individuals with and without PS, and the metabolic effects of bariatric procedures. METHODS: Changes in anthropometric and basic biochemistry values and MS occurrence were evaluated in 34 patients with obesity who underwent a bariatric procedure. After the procedure, patients underwent MRI with manual 3D segmentation mask creation to determine the pancreatic fat content (PFC). We compared the differences in the PFC and the presence of PS in individuals with and without MS and compared patients with and without PS. RESULTS: We found no significant difference in the PFC between the groups with and without MS or in the occurrence of PS. There were significant differences in patients with and without PS, especially in body mass index (BMI), fat mass, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), select adipocytokines, and lipid spectrum with no difference in glycemia levels. Significant metabolic effects of bariatric procedures were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric procedures can be considered effective in the treatment of obesity, MS, and some of its components. Measuring PFC using MRI did not show any difference in relation to MS, but patients who lost weight to BMI < 30 did not suffer from PS and had lower overall fat mass and VAT. Glycemia levels did not have an impact on the presence of PS.
- MeSH
- bariatrická chirurgie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- metabolický syndrom * diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- morbidní obezita * chirurgie MeSH
- nitrobřišní tuk metabolismus MeSH
- obezita metabolismus MeSH
- pankreas diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- ztučnělá játra * patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- extrakce zubů škodlivé účinky MeSH
- gingivitida diagnóza komplikace MeSH
- granulomatóza s polyangiitidou * diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pankreas diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- PET/CT MeSH
- sinusitida diagnostické zobrazování komplikace patologie MeSH
- terapie neúspěšná MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The dorsal pancreatic artery is the main artery of the body and tail of the pancreas. Its origin and branching is highly variable. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to generate pooled prevalence data on the presence and origin of the dorsal pancreatic artery. Clinically important aspects of the dorsal pancreatic artery were summarised during the literature review. METHODS: Major medical databases were searched. Data on the presence and point of origin of the dorsal pancreatic artery were extracted and quantitatively synthesised. The obtained data of anatomical based studies and computed tomography based studies were statistically analysed. RESULTS: In total, 30 studies, comprising 2322 anatomical and computed tomography based cases were included. The dorsal pancreatic artery was present in 95.8% of cases. It originated from the splenic artery in 37.6% of cases, common hepatic artery in 18.3% of cases, coeliac trunk in 11.9% of cases and the superior mesenteric artery in 23.9% of cases. Other rare origins were present in 2.77% of cases. Multiple dorsal pancreatic arteries were found in 1,7% of cases. There was no significant difference in the presence or origin of the dorsal pancreatic artery between anatomical and computed tomography based studies. CONCLUSION: The dorsal pancreatic artery is present in the vast majority of cases. Its origin and branching are highly variable. Multiplicity of the dorsal pancreatic artery is infrequent.
- MeSH
- arteria coeliaca * MeSH
- arteria lienalis * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- arteria mesenterica superior MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pankreas krevní zásobení diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To review clinical and laboratory findings in patients with SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) related acute pancreatitis. METHODS: This systematic review was based on a database search for articles of COVID-19 related acute pancreatitis in adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection that included age, gender, presenting symptoms, the onset of symptoms, laboratory values, imaging findings and exclusion of common causes of pancreatitis. RESULTS: Altogether 35 articles comprising 37 patients were included. Acute pancreatitis was the first presentation of COVID-19 in 43% of patients, concurrent with general or respiratory symptoms in 14% of patients or delayed after general or pulmonary symptoms by an average of 10 ± 5 d (range, 1 - 19 d) in 43% of patients. Serum amylase and lipase levels were elevated in 87% and 100% of patients. In 50% and 84%, amylase and lipase levels exceeded three-fold the upper normal limit. Pancreatic necrosis was reported in 6% of patients and in 12% of patients, the pancreas appeared normal. Three patients died. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the bi-modal pattern of the onset of symptoms supports both the cytotoxic and the immune-related pathogenesis of the pancreatic injury. Acute pancreatitis may be the first symptom of COVID-19 infection. Necrosis of the pancreas is rare.
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- amylasy krev MeSH
- COVID-19 komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipasa krev MeSH
- pankreas diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- pankreatitida diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
Bolesti brucha patria medzi pomerne časté symptómy u adolescentov. Príčiny, ktoré sa podieľajú na bolestiach brucha, sú pestré a tým aj diferenciálna diagnostika je pomerne rozsiahla a zložitá. To súvisí pravdepodobne s tým, že brucho zaberá pomerne veľkú oblasť, obsahuje množstvo orgánov, štruktúr, systémov vrátane lymfatických uzlín, ktoré generalizovane reagujú na infekciu, či nádorové ochorenia. V našej kazuistike opisujeme prípad 17-ročného pacienta s náhlymi bolesťami brucha, chudnutím, vracaním a ikterom. V rámci diferenciálnej diagnostiky sa realizovali laboratórne a zobrazovacie vyšetrenia so zameraním na pankreas a hepatobiliárny trakt, kde sa zobrazila zväčšená hlava a chvost pankreasu, peripankreatická lymfadenopatia s vedľajším nálezom drobných ložísk na obličkách. V úvode sa suponovala skôr hereditárna pankreatitída a pseudotumory na obličkách, vzhľadom na vek pacienta bol menej pravdepodobný tumor pankreasu a metastázy. Definitívna diagnóza bola stanovená odberom bioptických vzoriek pankreasu pomocou endosonografického vyšetrenia. Histologický a cytologický nález preukázal prítomnosť lymfocytárnych blastických buniek, charakteru CD20+ B-NHL, konštatovaný difúzny veľkobunkový B-lymfóm pankreasu (DLBCL – diffuse large B cell lymphoma). Staging ochorenia nepreukázal inflitráciu malígnych buniek v kostnej dreni a centrálnej nervovej sústave. Promptne stanovená diagnóza a podaná príslušná onkologická liečba (chemoterapia v kombinácii s monoklonálnou protilátkou) zabezpečila pacientovi návrat do každodenného života a je nevyhnutným predpokladom priaznivej prognózy pacienta.
Abdominal pain is a relatively common symptom in adolescents. The causes that contribute to abdominal pain are varied and the differential diagnosis is therefore rather extensive and complex. This is probably related to the fact that the abdomen extends over a relatively large area containing numerous organs, structures, and systems, including the lymph nodes which respond to infection or cancer in a generalized way. In our case report we present the case of a 17-year-old patient with sudden abdominal pain, weight loss, vomiting and jaundice. Laboratory and imaging examinations were performed, focusing on the pancreas and the hepatobiliary tract and showing an enlarged head and tail of the pancreas, peripancreatic lymphadenopathy with a secondary finding of small lesions on the kidneys. Firstly, we suspected hereditary pancreatitis and pseudotumors in the kidney, while pancreatic tumor and metastases were considered less likely, given the patient’s age. The definitive diagnosis was established by collecting biopsy samples from the pancreas via endosonographic examination. Histological and cytological findings showed the presence of lymphocyte blast cells of the CD20 + B-NHL nature, diagnosed as diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Staging of the disease showed no infiltration of malignant cells in the bone marrow and central nervous system. The prompt diagnosis and administration of appropriate oncological treatment (chemotherapy in combination with a monoclonal antibody) ensured the patient’s return to daily life and they were a necessary prerequisite for a favorable prognosis of the patient.
- MeSH
- bolesti břicha etiologie MeSH
- difúzní velkobuněčný B-lymfom * diagnóza patologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní * diagnóza terapie MeSH
- pankreas diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- PET/CT metody MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH