This statement paper provides a brief and clear background to the evidence-based medicine concept, systematic reviews and the development of clinical practice guidelines using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Eva luation (GRADE) system and focuses on their application in the fi eld of special education.Its main objective is to suggest ways of applying clinical practice guidelines in the fi eld of special education. Th e paper presents the fi rst Czech national project for developing clinical practice guidelines mainly in the fi eld of medicine and clinical practice with the main investigator being the Czech Health Research Council (AZV ČR). Some of the guidelines prepared within the project are relevant to special educators and the paper suggests that special teachers use the recommendations in their practice and in higher education. Moreover, it proposes that it is possible and useful to develop guidelines using the rigor of the GRADE methodology as described above, for issues directly pertaining to the fi eld of special education, or education in general. In that process, it may be neces-sary to identify the challenges typical for the fi eld of education and to suggest possible solutions. Finally, recommendations for special educators, for future research and for policy-makers are formulated. Specifi cally, the paper suggests that policy-makers, such as the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, develop national strategies for spe -cial-edu cational diagnostics and intervention based on rigorous methodology as des cribed on the example of the Czech national project of guideline development in medi cine and place special focus on the ethical aspects, social impacts and values and preferences of target populations.
- Keywords
- vzdělávací politika,
- MeSH
- Mainstreaming, Education MeSH
- Interdisciplinary Research organization & administration MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Evidence-Based Medicine standards MeSH
- Decision Support Techniques MeSH
- Persons with Disabilities education MeSH
- Clinical Decision Rules MeSH
- National Health Programs organization & administration MeSH
- Education, Special * ethics standards MeSH
- Policy Making MeSH
- Models, Educational MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
The article deals with the issue of fear of falls in wheelchair users and the change in fall concerns after completing a self-defense course. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a self-defense course for wheelchair users on their fear of falls. To collect data we used a questionnaire and participant ob-servation in the lessons of self-defense for wheelchair users. The participants filled in the questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the course. The results show that the course of self-defense has an effect on wheelchair users’ fear of falls. This effect differs depending on the type of disability of the participant and on the level of self-confidence. We can claim that the participants with a low level of fear at the beginning of the course this attitude has shifted slightly and they became more aware of potential threats. On the contrary, the participants whose level of fear was high, those fears were reduced and their attitude towards a potential fall is slightly more relaxed.
- Keywords
- sebeobrana,
- MeSH
- Safety MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Persons with Disabilities psychology education MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Fear * psychology MeSH
- Accidental Falls prevention & control MeSH
- Wheelchairs * psychology adverse effects MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Patient Education as Topic methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Persons with Disabilities education MeSH
- Psychomotor Disorders rehabilitation MeSH
- Sports for Persons with Disabilities * trends education MeSH
- Physical Education and Training methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Interview MeSH
Společenské prostředí se v poslední době výrazně proměňuje. Dynamika společnosti se zvyšuje a roste tlak na změnu schopností a dovedností potřebných k fungování ve společnosti. Změny spojené s tímto vývojem však mohou způsobovat problémy těm, jejichž zdravotní stav je v získávání potřebných schopností a dovedností v určitém ohledu znevýhodňuje. Z tohoto důvodu je třeba hledat a nalézat cesty, jak eliminovat problémy spojené s rostoucím tlakem společnosti. Na základě výzkumů v oblasti přínosů dobrovolnictví se ukazuje, že dobrovolnická činnost může hrát významnou úlohu v procesu vzdělávání a následného zapojování osob s postižením do nového sociokulturního prostředí. S těmito úvahami se v posledních letech objevuje termín „inkluzivní dobrovolnictví“, který má podepřít snahy společnosti o dosažení inkluze. Článek v úvodu představuje inkluzivní dobrovolnictví, které se v poslední době objevuje ve výzkumech odborníků rozličných společenskovědních disciplín. Hlavní část článku informuje o realizaci a výsledcích výzkumného šetření „Dobrovolnictví a dobrovolnická činnost osob s postižením“ realizované autorkou. V závěrečné diskusi jsou poznání dávána do vztahu s dosavadní literaturou.
Social settings have recently undergone significant changes. The dynamics of society are increasing, as is the pressure of the changes in the skills and abilities needed for its good functioning. However, changes associated with this development may cause problems to those whose health is disadvantageous in terms of acquiring the necessary skills. For this reason, it is necessary to seek and find ways to eliminate the problems associated with the increasing societal pressure. Research on volunteering benefits shows that volunteering can play a significant role in the process of education and the subsequent involvement of people with disabilities in the new socio-cultural environment. Taking this into consideration, in recent years the term “inclusive volunteering” has emerged to support the efforts of society to achieve inclusion. This article introduces the inclusive volunteering that has recently emerged in research by experts in various social sciences. The main section of the article details the realization and results of the survey called “Volunteering of people with disabilities”, conducted by the author. The final discussion provides a comparison of the paper’s revelations with existing literature.
- MeSH
- Volunteers * psychology education MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Persons with Disabilities psychology rehabilitation education MeSH
- Data Collection MeSH
- Social Facilitation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Interview MeSH
Východiska: Předkládaný příspěvek navazuje na systematické zkoumání postojů učitelů a studentů tělesné výchovy (TV) ve vztahu k integrované tělesné výchově v České republice prováděných na Fakultě tělesné kultury Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci. Dalším krokem ke zmapování úrovně integračního procesu v tělesné výchově je zjišťování úrovně sebeúčinnosti (dále jen self-efficacy) u studentů TV při začleňování žáků se zdravotním postižením do výuky školní TV. Cíle: Zjištění faktorů, které ovlivňují self-efficacy studentů tělovýchovných oborů ve vztahu k začle- ňování žáků se zdravotním postižením (mentálním, tělesným a zrakovým) do výuky tělesné výchovy. Metodika: Pro sběr dat byla použita česká verze dotazníku Self-Efficacy Scale for Physical Education Teacher Education Majors towards Children with Disabilities (SE-PETE-D; Block, Hutzler, Barak, & Klavina, 2013). Vzorek participantů tvořilo 186 studentů (125 mužů a 61 žen) učitelství tělesné výchovy z pěti českých univerzit. Data byla zpracována mnohonásobnou regresí za použití metody vkládání proměnných Stepwise. Výsledky: Byly zjištěny dva faktory, které ovlivňují self-efficacy ve vztahu k realizaci integrované TV. U subškál, zaměřených na mentální a tělesné postižení, jsme objevili dva faktory, a to zkušenosti s prací s osobami s mentálním/tělesným postižením v aplikovaných pohybových aktivitách (APA) a pohlaví. U subškály, zaměřené na zrakové postižení, byly identifikovaným faktorem zkušenosti s prací s osobami se zrakovým postižením v APA. Závěry: Na základě zjištěných výsledků lze konstatovat, že budoucí učitelé TV potřebují kvalitní vzdělávací program, zaměřený na získání praktických zkušeností s tělovýchovnou prací s osobami s postižením (v našem případě s postižením mentálním, tělesným a zrakovým), zejména pak s integračním procesem proto, aby se zvýšilo jejich self-efficacy pro tuto činnost.
Background: This paper builds on systematic examinations of the attitudes of teachers and students of physical education in relation to integrated physical education (PE) in the Czech Republic. These were conducted at the Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University in Olomouc. The next step towards examination of the level of the integration process in physical education is to determine the self-efficacy of students of PE toward working in an integrated PE. Objective: Determine factors which affect self-efficacy of students of PE in relation to the inclusion of students with disabilities (intellectual, physical and visual) in physical education lesson. Methods: We used the Czech version of SE-PETE-D for data collection. The participants were 186 students (125 male and 61 female) of physical education from selected Czech universities. We used the multiple regression analysis (Stepwise method) for data processing. Results: We found two factors which influence self-efficacy toward working in integrated PE lesson. One factor is that gender influences self-efficacy toward working with pupils with intellectual and physical disabilities. Another factor is the practical working experience with people with disabilities influences self-efficacy toward working with pupils with intellectual and physical disabilities and visual impairment. Conclusions: The result shows that practical working experience with people with disabilities is a significant predictor of high score of SE-PETE-D. The recommendation for future education of students of PETE is to increase opportunities for gaining practical experience with persons with disabilities.
- MeSH
- Mainstreaming, Education MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Persons with Disabilities education MeSH
- Teacher Training organization & administration MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Regression Analysis MeSH
- Self Efficacy MeSH
- Students psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Physical Education and Training * organization & administration MeSH
- School Teachers psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Persons with Disabilities classification education MeSH
- Social Facilitation MeSH
- Students MeSH
- Education, Medical, Undergraduate * methods organization & administration legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
In this study, the authors employed a single-participant approach to investigate the resilience of persons with disabilities in the face of discrimination and marginalisation. An interview was conducted with a woman living with physical disability in the capital of the Northern region of Ghana. The study found that despite barriers erected against a person with disabilities in the study area, the individual has striven to live independently by engaging in productive activities. The discussion of the study focused on the urgent need for society to empower persons with disabilities to enable them to utilise their inherent capabilities to allow them to become productive members of the society.
- MeSH
- Quality of Life MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Persons with Disabilities * psychology education MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Newspaper Article MeSH
