This review summarises the current knowledge on the effects of microplastics and their additives on organisms living in the aquatic environment, particularly invertebrates and fish. To date, microplastics have been recognised to affect not only the behaviour of aquatic animals but also their proper development, causing variations in fertility, oxidative stress, inflammations and immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and changes in metabolic pathways and gene expression. The ability of microplastics to bind other xenobiotics and cause combined toxicity along side the effect of other agents is also discussed as well. Microplastics are highly recalcitrant materials in both freshwater and marine environments and should be considered extremely toxic to aquatic ecosystems. They are severely problematic from ecological, economic and toxicological standpoints.
- MeSH
- Invertebrates MeSH
- Water Pollutants, Chemical * analysis MeSH
- Ecosystem MeSH
- Microplastics MeSH
- Environmental Monitoring MeSH
- Plastics * toxicity MeSH
- Fishes MeSH
- Aquatic Organisms MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Despite widespread and prolonged use of adult novelties, their health safety is not regularly tested or legally regulated. In the EU, adult novelties are subjected to the General Product Safety Directive, placing the burden of proof regarding safe products onto the manufacturers. The aim of our pilot study was to expand knowledge on potential application of in vitro methods for hazard prediction of extracts from final products. We subjected extracts of 20 adult novelties, purchased on the Czech market to toxicological tests including NRU cytotoxicity assay, sensitization tests DPRA and LuSens and the YES/YAS endocrine assay. Four samples produced cytotoxicity. Sensitization potential was recorded by DPRA (three samples) while the LuSens reported ten samples. Regarding endocrine disruption, three samples produced antiestrogen and antiandrogen effects. Six samples exhibited androgenic potential and one sample showed estrogenic potential. Positive results with possible health effects were recorded repeatedly for samples made of ABS, PVC and latex. The study has confirmed promising usefulness of our test methods combination with regard to safety testing of this type of consumer products. The results should be evaluated with care, however, the data bring added-value to the limited knowledge of mixture toxicology and are indicative for further testing.
- MeSH
- BALB 3T3 Cells MeSH
- Endocrine Disruptors toxicity MeSH
- Fibroblasts drug effects physiology MeSH
- Play and Playthings * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Pilot Projects MeSH
- Plastics toxicity MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae drug effects physiology MeSH
- Sexual Behavior drug effects physiology MeSH
- Consumer Product Safety standards MeSH
- In Vitro Techniques methods MeSH
- Toxicity Tests, Acute methods MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Keywords
- Bisfenol A,
- MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 * etiology prevention & control MeSH
- Epidemiologic Studies MeSH
- Phenols adverse effects MeSH
- Insulin Resistance MeSH
- Cardiometabolic Risk Factors MeSH
- Cardiovascular Diseases * etiology prevention & control MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Plastics * history adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
50 stran : barevné ilustrace ; 21 cm
- MeSH
- Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate chemistry metabolism adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Endocrine Disruptors MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Plastics adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- National Health Programs MeSH
- Toxic Actions MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Conspectus
- Farmacie. Farmakologie
- NML Fields
- endokrinologie
- toxikologie
- NML Publication type
- brožury
