Pleurotus ostreatus was cultivated on a commercially available wheat straw substrate enriched with Zn and Se. Various amounts of Zn (10, 50, and 100 mg) and Se (1, 5, and 10 mg) in suitable forms ((CH3COO)2Zn·2H2O, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, and Na2SeO3·5H2O, respectively) were dissolved in 50 ml of deionized water and homogenously nebulized into the substrate block of 2.4 kg weight. The increase in the Zn content in fruiting bodies cultivated on the enriched substrate was relatively low compared with fruiting bodies cultivated on the substrate with no addition at the first flush. The application of different Zn compounds (acetate vs. nitrate) gave similar results. However, the addition of 1 mg of Se into the cultivation substrate block increased the content of Se in fruiting bodies to about 3-6 mg/kg dry matter. This content was one order of magnitude higher compared with the Se content in fruiting bodies harvested from the substrate with no Se addition (< 0.12-0.58 mg/kg dry matter). In the case of the addition of 5 mg of Se, there was a further significant increase in the content of this element to about 40-60 mg/kg dry matter.

• MeSH
• Pleurotus * chemistry   MeSH
• Fruiting Bodies, Fungal chemistry   MeSH
• Triticum MeSH
• Selenium * analysis   MeSH
• Zinc analysis   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

During recent years, interest concerning selenium has considerably increased. It is due to the combined behaviour it can have in humans, as either a toxic or an essential element depending on its concentration. For these reasons, its reliable quantification is extremely important. Blood serum is one of the most often analysed biological fluids when focusing on selenium concentration. Many detection methods can be used for the quantification of selenium, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry being one of the most suitable ones to perform such analyses. This is due to the possibility of a direct analysis (even though it is a complicated biological matrix) and the use of a small volume of the samples (mostly 20 µl for a single analysis). This article offers an overview of the selenium concentrations found in blood serum for healthy populations in European countries. The data presented here indicate that selenium status is not optimal in most European countries. The estimated mean value is 75 µg L–1 and 65 µg L–1 for adults and children, respectively. These results, combined with growing knowledge of the importance of selenium to overall health, require more systematic studies aimed to a reliable quantification of selenium in biological fluids for large populations correlated with various parameters, in order to subsequently ensure adequate selenium supplementation for those populations where selenium intake is significantly reduced.

• MeSH
• Blood Chemical Analysis methods   MeSH
• Epidemiological Monitoring MeSH
• Epidemiologic Studies MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Selenium * analysis   blood   MeSH
• Spectrophotometry methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH

Microalgae accumulate bioavailable selenium-containing amino acids (Se-AAs), and these are useful as a food supplement. While this accumulation has been studied in phototrophic algal cultures, little data exists for heterotrophic cultures. We have determined the Se-AAs content, selenium/sulfur (Se/S) substitution rates, and overall Se accumulation balance in photo- and heterotrophic Chlorella cultures. Laboratory trials revealed that heterotrophic cultures tolerate Se doses ∼8-fold higher compared to phototrophic cultures, resulting in a ∼2-3-fold higher Se-AAs content. In large-scale experiments, both cultivation regimes provided comparable Se-AAs content. Outdoor phototrophic cultures accumulated up to 400 μg g-1 of total Se-AAs and exhibited a high level of Se/S substitution (5-10%) with 30-60% organic/total Se embedded in the biomass. A slightly higher content of Se-AAs and ratio of Se/S substitution was obtained for a heterotrophic culture in pilot-scale fermentors. The data presented here shows that heterotrophic Chlorella cultures provide an alternative for Se-enriched biomass production and provides information on Se-AAs content and speciation in different cultivation regimes.

• MeSH
• Amino Acids analysis   metabolism   MeSH
• Biomass MeSH
• Chlorella classification   growth & development   metabolism   radiation effects   MeSH
• Phototrophic Processes MeSH
• Heterotrophic Processes MeSH
• Microalgae chemistry   growth & development   metabolism   radiation effects   MeSH
• Selenium analysis   metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Dostatečná aktivita selenoproteinů, enzymů se selenem v aktivním centru, je nezbytná pro lidské zdraví včetně mužské fertility a prevenci mnoha nemocí. Selenoproteiny hrají klíčovou roli v biochemických a fyziologických dějích v buňkách i v celém organismu. Množství selenu v potravním řetězci se odvíjí od jeho koncentrace v půdě. Na světě jsou rozsáhlé oblasti s nízkým obsahem selenu v půdě a jejich populace, či alespoň některé její skupiny, vykazují vyšší riziko různých onemocnění na základě nižších aktivit některých selenoenzymů. V České republice je bohužel v půdě nedostatek selenu. Její populace proto může trpět zhoršeným zdravotním stavem na základě nízkého příjmu (15–45 ug Se/den) a stavu selenu (45–75 ug Se/l séra). Ke zvýšení příjmu selenu lze doporučit vyšší spotřebu mořských ryb a rostlinných selenoakumulátorů.

Enzymes with selenium in active centre, selenoproteins, are essential for human health including male fertility, and prevention of many diseases. Selenoproteins play a key role in biochemical and physiological processes both in cells and on the level of whole organism. Selenium level in food chain reflects its level in the soil. Low levels of selenium are found in large areas of the world and their population, or at least some of its subgroups, are at higher risk of various illnesses because of reduced activity of some selenoproteins. The Czech Republic, unfortunately, is a selenium deficient area. Its population therefore may suffer from ill health due to low selenium intake (15–45 ug Se/day) and status (45–75 ug Se/l serum). Higher consumption of sea fish and plant selenoaccumulators may be recommended in order to increase selenium intake.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Food MeSH
• Selenium * analysis   metabolism   deficiency   MeSH
• Recommended Dietary Allowances MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a slowly progressive, largely non-reversible pulmonary disease that is characterized by airflow limitation. The disease encompasses multiple structural and functional components, but inflammation is at the core of the disease affecting both the lungs and other organs. A number of studies have shown an increased oxidant burden and con-sequently increased markers of oxidative stress in the air-spaces, breath, blood and urine in patients with COPD. The presence of oxidative stress has important conse-quences for the pathogenesis of COPD. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is regarded as one of the causes of COPD, as it is known to damage tissues. As for antioxidants, there are various enzymes eliminating over-produced ROS. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) can be clas-sified into copper/zinc-SOD (CuZn-SOD), manganese-SOD (Mn-SOD) and iron-SOD (Fe-SOD), depending on differences in metals that are necessary for the activity. Trace elements such as Zn, Se, Mn, Cu and Fe are consid-ered to be essential for living organisms, and their supple-mentation effectively suppresses oxidative stress, inflam-mation and fibrosis, suggesting that the essential elements can potentially be used as therapeutic agents in the treat-ment of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Trace elements concentrations in COPD patients are related to the role of each of the elements in the immune system.

• MeSH
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive * therapy   MeSH
• Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Manganese analysis   blood   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Copper analysis   blood   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Selenium analysis   blood   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Trace Elements analysis   blood   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Zinc analysis   blood   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

The aim of this research was to determine the concentrations of cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic and the essential elements iron and selenium in the tissues (muscle, kidney, liver, spleen, and fat) of fallow deer (Dama dama L.) without and with supplemental selenium addition. Another aim was to determine the effect of selenium addition on the indicators of oxidative stress, namely, the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and vitamin E. The research was carried out with 40 fallow deer during two research periods. Supplemental feed without selenium addition was provided during the first research period, and supplemental feed with added selenium (3 mg/kg) was provided for 60 days during the second research period. The concentration of selenium in tissues was higher in the second research period than in the first research period (in kidney tissue, 0.957 vs. 0.688 mg/kg, P < 0.05). The dietary addition of selenium decreased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of some heavy metals (lead in the spleen = 0.06 vs. 0.27 mg/kg and in the fatty tissue = 0.17 vs. 0.69 mg/kg; arsenic in the muscle tissue = 0.005 vs. 0.014 mg/kg, liver = 0.003 vs. 0.009 mg/kg, spleen = 0.004 vs. 0.013 mg/kg, and fat = 0.008 vs. 0.016 mg/kg). The activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the second research period than in the first research period (1375.36 vs. 933.23 U/L).

• MeSH
• Arsenic MeSH
• Diet MeSH
• Glutathione Peroxidase blood   metabolism   MeSH
• Liver chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Cadmium MeSH
• Kidney chemistry   MeSH
• Organ Specificity drug effects   MeSH
• Mercury MeSH
• Selenium analysis   blood   MeSH
• Spleen chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Muscles chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Vitamin E MeSH
• Deer blood   MeSH
• Iron MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Croatia MeSH

Several mineralization methods for the determination of selenium using hydride generation optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma in biological samples (whole egg powder and pork liver) were compared using the analysis of means (ANOM) method. This statistical tool is suitable for graphical representation of testing on simple comparative experiments. The results yielded by ANOM are identical with those obtained with the commonly used analysis of variance (ANOVA) method; however, the graphical output of ANOM is more illustrative in comparison to ANOVA. Both methods indicated a significant discrepancy between the results obtained using muffle furnace ashing mineralization and the results provided by other mineralization methods. This is probably due to the loss of volatile selenium compounds during the decomposition of organic matter.

• MeSH
• Food Analysis methods   MeSH
• Red Meat analysis   MeSH
• Swine MeSH
• Selenium analysis   MeSH
• Spectrum Analysis MeSH
• Eggs analysis   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Selén (latinsky selenium) je mikronutrient obsiahnutý vo viacerých proteínoch. U dospelých je jeho najväčšia koncentrácia na gram tkaniva v štítnej žľaze (ŠŽ). Množstvo selénu v tele závisí na charaktere populácie a jej stravovacích návykov a geografickej oblasti. V ŠŽ je selén potrebný pre svoju antioxidačnú funkciu a pre metabolizmus tyroidálnych hormónov (TH). Dostupná literatúra udáva, že suplementácia selénu u pacientov s Hashimotovou tyroiditídou je spojená s redukciou hladiny autoprotilátok proti tyroidálnej peroxidáze (anti-TPO-Ab). Suplementácia selénu u miernej Gravesovej orbitopatie je taktiež asociovaná so spomalením progresie očných ťažkostí. Kvôli tomuto pozorovaniu European Group On Graves‘ Orbitopathy odporúča 6-mesačnú podpornú liečbu selénovými preparátmi u pacientov s miernou formou Gravesovej orbitopatie.

Selenium (latin Selenium) is a micronutrient embedded in several proteins. In adults, the thyroid is the organ with the highest amount of selenium per gram of tissue. Selenium levels in the body depend on the characteristics of the population and its diet and geographic area. In the thyroid, selenium is required for the antioxidant function and for the metabolism of thyroid hormones. The literature suggests that selenium supplementation of patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is associated with a reduction in antithyroperoxidase antibody levels. Selenium supplementation also in mild Graves’ orbitopathy is associated with delayed progression of ocular disorders. As a consequence of this observation The European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy recommend six months selenium preparates supportive therapy for patients with mild form of Graves’ orbitopathy.

• MeSH
• Graves Disease diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Hashimoto Disease diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Clinical Trials as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Thyroid Diseases * MeSH
• Selenium * analysis   physiology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to determine concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), selenium (Se) in blood plasma and manganese (Mn) in the whole blood in patients with long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in comparison to the control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined 68 patients (16 men and 52 women) aged from 28 to 68 years on a long-term HPN lasting from 4 to 96 months. The short bowel syndrome was an indication for HPN. The daily doses of Zn, Cu, Fe, Se and Mn in the last 3 months were determined. RESULTS: No significant differences in blood plasma were found for Zn, Cu and Fe in patients with HPN and in the control group (p > 0.05). The concentration of Mn in whole blood was significantly increased in HPN patients (p < 0.0001), while Se concentration in these patients was significantly decreased (p < 0.005). The concentration of Mn in the whole blood of 16 patients with cholestasis was significantly increased compared to the patients without cholestasis (p < 0.001). The Cu concentration was increased with no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: In long-term HPN, the status of trace elements in the patients has to be continually monitored and the daily substitution doses of these elements have to be flexibly adjusted. Dosing schedule needs to be adjusted especially in cases of cholestatic hepatopathy. A discussion about the optimal daily dose of Mn in patients on HPN is appropriate. For clinical practice, the availability of a substitution mixture of trace elements lacking Mn would be advantageous.

• MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Iron Deficiencies MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Cholestasis, Intrahepatic complications   MeSH
• Deficiency Diseases epidemiology   etiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Manganese analysis   blood   deficiency   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Copper analysis   blood   deficiency   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Nutritional Status * MeSH
• Parenteral Nutrition, Home adverse effects   MeSH
• Prevalence MeSH
• Risk MeSH
• Parenteral Nutrition Solutions chemistry   MeSH
• Selenium analysis   blood   deficiency   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Trace Elements analysis   blood   deficiency   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Short Bowel Syndrome blood   complications   physiopathology   therapy   MeSH
• Iron analysis   blood   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Zinc analysis   blood   deficiency   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic epidemiology   MeSH

Selen, který tvoří významnou komponentu řady enzymů, je pro lidský organizmus esenciálním prvkem. Jeho nedostatečný přívod má vliv na funkčnost prakticky všech tkání. Cílem naší práce bylo stanovit distribuci obvyklého přívodu selenu stravou, porovnat zjištěné hodnoty s výživovými doporučeními a stanovit nejvýznamnější expoziční zdroje selenu v české dietě. K tomuto účelu byla využita aktuální data o obsahu selenu v potravinách (2010/2011), která byla čerpána z výsledků projektu sledování dietární expozice realizovaného v rámci programu Monitoringu zdraví a životního prostředí. Údaje o spotřebě potravin byly pořízeny v národní Studii individuální spotřeby potravin (SISP 04) uskutečněné v letech 2003–2004 na reprezentativním vzorku populace České republiky (2590 mužů a žen ve věku 4–90 let). Pro každou osobu ve výběru byl vypočten aktuální přívod selenu a následně byla určena distribuce obvyklého přívodu v definovaných skupinách populace. Z výsledků vyplynulo, že ve skupinách dětí (4–14 let), dospívajících a dospělých mužů (15–59 let) se jeví přívod selenu stravou u většiny osob jako dostatečný. Naopak nejvíce rizikovými skupinami z hlediska nízkého přívodu selenu byly dospívající dívky (15–17 let), dospělé ženy (≥18 let) a starší muži (věk 60 let a více). Přibližně u 60 % dospívajících žen a 75 % dospělých žen neodpovídal zjištěný přívod selenu doporučeným hodnotám. Dietární zdroje selenu se lišily v závislosti na věku a pohlaví, obecně však převažovaly zdroje živočišné, které tvořily přibližně 70 % z celkového přívodu. Vyšší přívod selenu běžnou stravou by bylo možné zajistit především vyšší konzumací mořských ryb a rybích výrobků, které představují bohatý a v naší populaci stále v nízké míře přijímaný zdroj selenu.

Selenium is an essential element and component of many enzymes in the human organism. Deficiency can affect the function of virtually all tissues. The main objective of this article is to present the distribution of usual selenium intake in the Czech population, to compare the obtained values with available dietary recommendations and to determine the most important dietary sources of selenium. For this purpose current analytical data (2010/2011) on the selenium content in foodstuffs from the project of Environmental health monitoring in the Czech Republic and data on food consumption originated from the national survey SISP 04 (Study of individual food consumption) were used. SISP 04 was carried out between 2003–2004 on a representative sample of the Czech population (2,590 men and women aged 4–90 years). Actual intake of selenium was calculated for each subject in the sample and subsequently usual intake distributions were estimated in defined population subgroups. The results indicated that selenium intake appears to be sufficient in groups of children (4–14 years) and young and adult men (15–59 years). Population groups with increased risk of low selenium intake were identified as teenage girls (15–17 years), adult women (≥18 years) and elderly men (60 years and over). Approximately 60% of teenage girls and 75% of adult women did not meet the intake recommendations for selenium. Dietary sources of selenium varied depending on age and gender, but generally animal sources prevailed, accounting for approximately 70% of the total intake. Higher consumption of fish and fish products, as a rich source of selenium, can be recommended to increase selenium intake from natural sources, especially when its consumption in our population is still very low.

• MeSH
• Diet Surveys MeSH
• Diet * MeSH
• Dietary Exposure MeSH
• Diet Records * MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Nutritional Requirements MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Selenium * analysis   physiology   deficiency   MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Age Distribution MeSH
• Recommended Dietary Allowances MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH