The use of lower cut-off values/concentration limits for the calculation of mixture classification in UN GHS/EU CLP versus the previous regulatory scheme (EU Dangerous Preparations Directive, DPD), has resulted in an increased number of classifications in the highest eye hazard category. Herein, a semi-quantitative categorisation of severity of eye effects, following accidental human exposures to detergents, was compared to the classification category of the products. Three schemes were evaluated: EU DPD; EU CLP (based on all available data and information, including weight of evidence); and EU CLP (based entirely on the calculation method). As reported by four EU Poison Centres, the vast majority of exposures had caused minor or no symptoms. Classification was a poor predictor of effects in man subjected to accidental exposure. Note however that this is also because effects are not only driven by the intrinsic hazard (as reflected in the classification), but also by the exposure conditions and mitigation (i.e. rinsing). EU CLP classification using all available data and information was more predictive of medically relevant symptoms than the EU CLP calculation method. The latter led to a poorer differentiation between irritating products versus products potentially causing serious eye damage.
- MeSH
- Detergents toxicity MeSH
- Irritants toxicity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Eye Injuries classification etiology MeSH
- Poison Control Centers MeSH
- Trauma Severity Indices MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Detergent-based mixtures and pure surfactants used as decontaminants in mass casualty scenarios were investigated for their acute 24 h toxicity. Commercial detergents NeodekontTM, ArgosTM, DermogelTM, and FloraFreeTM were tested in male Wistar rats after percutaneous, peroral and intramuscular administration. Pure surfactants althosan MB, sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate, triton X, benzyl dimethyl dodecyl ammonium chloride, and N-dodecyl pyridinium bromide were investigated in male ICR mice. Estimated LD50 of surfactants varied from < 100 mg.kg-1 (i.m.) to more than 2000 mg.kg-1 (p.o, p.c.) in mice. All detergents tested in rats were rather less toxic (LD50 > 6 ml.kg-1), thus could be considered as safe if used as external skin decontaminant or if low volume is accidentally ingested.
- Keywords
- Argos(TM), FloraFree(TM), Dermogel(TM), Neodekont(TM), althosan MB, triton X, sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate,
- MeSH
- Administration, Cutaneous MeSH
- Administration, Oral MeSH
- Decontamination MeSH
- Detergents * toxicity MeSH
- Histological Techniques MeSH
- Injections, Intramuscular MeSH
- Lethal Dose 50 MeSH
- Models, Animal * MeSH
- Mice, Inbred ICR MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Surface-Active Agents toxicity MeSH
- Toxicity Tests, Acute * methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Drug Packaging standards MeSH
- Detergents adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Acids adverse effects MeSH
- Pharmaceutical Preparations MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lye adverse effects MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Hazardous Substances poisoning adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MeSH
- Alcoholic Intoxication prevention & control MeSH
- Plant Poisoning prevention & control MeSH
- Poisoning epidemiology etiology classification MeSH
- Drug Overdose prevention & control MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires standards utilization MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Accidents, Home economics classification statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Household Products adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
Corrosive injuries of the upper gastrointestinal tract in children are among the most serious and relatively frequent conditions with complicated treatment and long-term or permanent consequences. We observed a set of patients at our department (hereinafter referred to as KDCHOT FN Brno) between 01/01/2003 and 31/12/2007. During the period of 5 years, we treated 120 children with various degrees of corrosive injury of the upper digestive tract (oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, and stomach) or with suspected injuries of this type. In more than one third of the patients out of a total of 120, following ingestion of an allochthonous substance no signs of damage to the skin or the mucous membrane were found on ear, nose and throat examination. Fifty-nine patients exhibited 1st-degree burns according to the classification below, 15 patients exhibited 2nd-degree burns of the oesophagus or the stomach, and only in 2 patients we observed 3rd-degree burns of the oesophagus with complicated treatment. Complete healing occurred in all patients; patients with 3rd-degree burns achieved complete healing after a series of oesophageal dilatations. With regard to our experience showing that minimal damage to the oral cavity, pharynx, and proximal oesophagus is frequently associated with significantly more serious burns of the distal oesophagus and stomach, we regard oesophagogastroscopy and verification of the condition of oesophageal and gastric mucosa as necessary in terms of diagnostic standards for this type of injury in children.
- MeSH
- Antacids therapeutic use MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Burns, Chemical etiology complications therapy MeSH
- Detergents adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Disinfectants adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Endoscopy, Digestive System utilization MeSH
- Esophagitis diagnosis etiology complications MeSH
- Esophagus pathology injuries MeSH
- Drug Therapy methods utilization MeSH
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use MeSH
- Upper Gastrointestinal Tract pathology injuries MeSH
- Acids adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lye adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Stomach pathology injuries MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
Dominantními neurotoxikologickými látkami, které atakují mozečkové struktury, jsou těkavé lipofilní látky, jenž snadno prostupují hematoencefalickou bariérou. Jde především o aromatické nebo chlorované uhlovodíky a alkoholy, tvořící v různých kombinacích velkou skupinu ředidel, rozpouštědel a odmašťovadel. Jejich biotransformací dochází k tvorbě aldehydů a kyselin s následným rozvratem acidobazické rovnováhy. Rozebrány jsou vlivy interferujících faktorů (abusus alkoholu, návykových látek) a otázky diferenciální diagnostiky jiných, netoxikologických, mozečkových postižení.
- MeSH
- Cell Line MeSH
- Detergents toxicity MeSH
- HL-60 Cells drug effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Respiratory Burst radiation effects MeSH
- Superoxides analysis physiology MeSH
- In Vitro Techniques MeSH
- Tetrazolium Salts MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Comparative Study MeSH
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity MeSH
- Detergents administration & dosage adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Skin Tests methods MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Surface-Active Agents administration & dosage adverse effects MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Keywords
- Orthosany řady BF,
- MeSH
- Candida albicans MeSH
- Chemical Industry MeSH
- Chlorophenols administration & dosage adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Detergents * classification adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Hand Disinfection methods standards MeSH
- Disinfectants * classification adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbiological Techniques MeSH
- Surface-Active Agents administration & dosage adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Keywords
- Orthosan BF 1,
- MeSH
- Bacteriological Techniques methods utilization MeSH
- Chemical Industry methods MeSH
- Chlorophenols administration & dosage adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Detergents * classification adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Disinfectants * administration & dosage classification toxicity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Surface-Active Agents administration & dosage adverse effects MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
