Mango processing generates significant amounts of residues (35-65%) that may represent environmental problems owed to improper disposal. The use of mango byproducts as substrates to produce hyaluronic acid (HA) is an attractive alternative to reduce the cost of substrate. In this study, we evaluated the potential of hydrolyzates from mango peels and seeds to produce HA by Streptococcus equi. subsp. zooepidemicus. The physicochemical characterization of mango residues showed that the seeds contain a higher amount of holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose), which amounts 54.2% (w/w) whereas it only represents 15.5% (w/w) in the peels. Mango peels, however, are composed mainly of hot water-extractives (62% w/w, that include sucrose, fructose, glucose and organic acids). A higher concentration of monosaccharides (39.8 g/L) was obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysis (with Macerex) of peels as compared to seeds (24.8 g/L with Celuzyme). From mango peels, hydrolyzates were obtained 0.6 g/L HA, while 0.9 g/L HA were obtained with hydrolyzates from mango seeds. These results demonstrate that mango byproducts have the potential to be used for production of HA.
- MeSH
- celulosa metabolismus MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- hydrolýza MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová * biosyntéza metabolismus MeSH
- Mangifera * mikrobiologie chemie MeSH
- monosacharidy metabolismus MeSH
- semena rostlinná chemie mikrobiologie metabolismus MeSH
- Streptococcus equi * metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Burkholderia pseudomallei and Chromobacterium violaceum are bacteria of tropical and subtropical soil and water that occasionally cause fatal infections in humans and animals. Microbial lectins mediate the adhesion of organisms to host cells, which is the first phase in the development of infection. Here we report the discovery of two novel lectins from the above-mentioned bacteria - BP39L and CV39L. The crystal structures revealed that the lectins possess a seven-bladed β-propeller fold. Functional studies conducted on a series of oligo- and polysaccharides confirmed the preference of BP39L for mannosylated saccharides and CV39L for rather more complex polysaccharides with a monosaccharide preference for β-l-fucose. The presented data indicate that the proteins belong to a currently unknown family of lectins.
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- Burkholderia pseudomallei metabolismus MeSH
- Chromobacterium metabolismus MeSH
- fukosa metabolismus MeSH
- lektiny metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monosacharidy metabolismus MeSH
- polysacharidy metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Soybean (Glycine max L.) has been extensively cultivated in maize-soybean relay intercropping systems in southwest China. However, during the early co-growth period, soybean seedlings suffer from severe shading by maize resulting in lodging and significant yield reduction. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the reasons behind severe lodging and yield loss. Therefore, four different soybean genotypes (B3, B15, B23, and B24) having different agronomic characteristics were cultivated in intercropping and monocropping planting patterns. The results showed that under different planting patterns, the stem resistance varied among genotypes (P < 0.01). The lodging resistance index of B3, B15, B23, and B24 genotypes was 70.9%, 60.5%, 65.2%, and 57.4%, respectively, under intercropping, among which the B24 genotype was less affected by the shade environment as there was little decrease in the lodging resistance index of this genotype under intercropping. The lignin content of B23 and B24 was significantly higher than that of B3 and B15 under both planting patterns. Under intercropping, the hemicellulose content of B23 and B24 stems was significantly higher than that of B3 and B15. Compared to the monocropping, the content of mannose in the structural carbohydrate of soybean stems was decreased in all genotypes except B23, but the difference was not significant. The content of xylose in the structural carbohydrate of soybean stems was significantly higher than that in B3 and B15. Mannose content showed no significant difference among genotypes. The arabinose content of B24 was significantly higher than that of B3, B15, and B23. The effective pod number, seed number per plant, seed weight per plant and yield of soybean plants were significantly decreased under intercropping. Conclusively, manipulation of structural and nonstructural carbohydrate rich soybean genotypes in intercropping systems could alleviate the yield loss due to lodging.
- MeSH
- celulosa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fyziologický stres genetika fyziologie MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- Glycine max genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lignin genetika metabolismus MeSH
- monosacharidy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- polysacharidy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- sacharosa metabolismus MeSH
- stonky rostlin genetika fyziologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cadmium, as a hazardous pollutant commonly present in the living environment, represents an important risk to human health due to its undesirable effects (oxidative stress, changes in activities of many enzymes, interactions with biomolecules including DNA and RNA) and consequent potential risk, making its detection very important. New and unique technological and biotechnological approaches for solving this problems are intensely sought. In this study, we used the commonly occurring potential pathogenic microorganism Staphylococcus aureus for the determination of markers which could be used for sensing of cadmium(II) ions. We were focused on monitoring the effects of different cadmium(II) ion concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 50 μg mL(-1)) on the growth and energetic metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus. Highly significant changes have been detected in the metabolism of thiol compounds-specifically the protein metallothionein (0.79-26.82 mmol/mg of protein), the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (190-5,827 μmol/min/mg of protein), and sulfhydryl groups (9.6-274.3 μmol cysteine/mg of protein). The ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione indicated marked oxidative stress. In addition, dramatic changes in urease activity, which is connected with resistance of bacteria, were determined. Further, the effects of cadmium(II) ions on the metabolic pathways of arginine, β-glucosidase, phosphatase, N-acetyl β-d-glucosamine, sucrose, trehalose, mannitol, maltose, lactose, fructose and total proteins were demonstrated. A metabolomic profile of Staphylococcus aureus under cadmium(II) ion treatment conditions was completed seeking data about the possibility of cadmium(II) ion accumulation in cells. The results demonstrate potential in the application of microorganisms as modern biosensor systems based on biological components.
- MeSH
- biosenzitivní techniky metody MeSH
- disacharidy metabolismus MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky MeSH
- fosfatasy metabolismus MeSH
- glutathion metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiondisulfid metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- hydrolasy metabolismus MeSH
- kadmium analýza metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- metalothionein metabolismus MeSH
- monosacharidy metabolismus MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus cytologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- sulfhydrylové sloučeniny metabolismus MeSH
- ureasa metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In this study, interactions of selected monosaccharides with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lectin II (PA-IIL) are analyzed in detail. An interesting feature of the PA-IIL binding is that the monosaccharide is interacting via two calcium ions and the binding is unusually strong for protein-saccharide interaction. We have used Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) and normal mode analysis to calculate the free energy of binding. The impact of intramolecular hydrogen bond network for the lectin/monosaccharide interaction is also analyzed.
- MeSH
- bakteriální adheziny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- entropie MeSH
- konformace proteinů MeSH
- konformace sacharidů MeSH
- lektiny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- monosacharidy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa MeSH
- simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
- statická elektřina MeSH
- vápník metabolismus MeSH
- vazba proteinů MeSH
- vazebná místa MeSH
- vodíková vazba MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Článek podává přehled náhradních sladidlech přírodního původu používaných ve farmacii i běžném životě. Věnuje pozornost novým přírodním nízkoenergetickým sladidlům zejména ze skupiny sacharidů a proteinů.
- Klíčová slova
- thaumatin, monellin, brazzein,
- MeSH
- fruktosa farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- glykosidy farmakologie klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mannitol farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- monosacharidy farmakologie klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- oligosacharidy farmakologie klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- sladidla farmakologie klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- sorbitol farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- xylitol farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- antigeny povrchové biosyntéza chemie metabolismus MeSH
- buňky NK imunologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lektiny metabolismus MeSH
- membránové glykoproteiny metabolismus MeSH
- monosacharidy metabolismus MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny biosyntéza chemie metabolismus MeSH
- transfekce MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
