Better Health for Europe: more equitable and sustainable, tells the story of how people working for WHO in the European Region have sought to make a reality of this goal over the last ten years. Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe from 2010 until 2020, narrates the story on behalf of all staff and describes the vision, strategic thinking and processes followed, as well as the impact achieved. Political leaders, public health managers and health practitioners and advocates from across the WHO European Region and beyond were invited to reflect upon the relevance and utility of the work of the Regional Office. Extracts from interviews with these ‘witnesses’ are presented throughout the book to enrich the narrative. This book is divided into three parts. Part I – Better Health for Europe: the seven strategic action priorities, presents the systematic process the Regional Office has followed in developing the policy frameworks, evidence base, capacities, relationships, partnerships, networks and skills needed to transform and enhance action for better, more equitable and sustainable health and well-being in Europe and beyond. Part II – Better Health for Europe: achievements, describes outcomes and the impacts of Regional Office work on the two objectives and four priority actions of the Health 2020 European policy framework. Part III – Better Health for Europe: conclusions and messages, summarizes reflections and looks at challenges beyond 2020.

• MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví MeSH
• rovnost ve zdraví MeSH
• trvale udržitelný rozvoj MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

Substantial social and environmental changes in a global world as well as a new paradigm of medicine emphasizing high technology and evidence based approach bring to the current medicine many paradoxes. Undoubtedly, new era creates many positive opportunities and challenges for medical professionals. On the other side, traditional concept of medicine as basically humanistic “helping profession” is rather threatened. In this context, there is a need for a re-defining of medical curricula and to offer to the medical students the concepts and ideas which reflect a current development. Traditional public health terms such as “Primary Prevention”, “Health Promotion”, “Health Protection”, “Health Determinants“ should be re-defined and the new ones such as “Quality of Life” and “Sustainable Future“ must be introduced as an integral part of medical education. The relevant concepts are discussed in the context of specific situation of the health care transformation in Central and Eastern European Countries.

• MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• podpora zdraví metody   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• preventivní lékařství trendy   výchova   MeSH
• primární zdravotní péče MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

This publication focuses on physical activity and how it can be supported through urban planning. The focus on physical activity is explained by the fact that inactivity today accounts for an increasing proportion of deaths and disability worldwide and is associated with significant health care costs and productivity losses. Action to increase rates of physical activity will be necessary to achieve global targets on the prevention of premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases – the leading cause of death worldwide – and to halt the rise in obesity. With more than 80% of the European population expected to live in urban areas by 2030, cities play a pivotal role in promoting and protecting health and well-being. As cities continue to expand in population, there is a growing need to develop ways of supporting physical activity in dense urban settings.

• MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• plánování měst MeSH
• pohyb MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• zdraví ve městech MeSH
• zdraví MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• tělovýchovné lékařství
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

Body ecology is a micro-ecology. It is a discipline derived from philosophical naturism, deep ecology and holistic body-mind practices developed since 1850 in the corporeal experience of body recreation, outdoor living, and body awakening techniques using emersiology. It is because we transform the practices of individuals that ecology is transformed. This paper seeks to explain the new discipline of body ecology, and its focus on the significance of micro-situations and micro-experiences.

• MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• holistické zdraví MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské tělo MeSH
• sporty MeSH
• trvale udržitelný rozvoj trendy   MeSH
• volnočasové aktivity MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Novel nanofibers mats were fabricated by electrospinning of polyvinyl alcohol/hyaluronan (PVA/HA) solutions in the presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs were synthesized by in-situ chemical reduction of silver ions (Ag+) using HA as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Narrow size distribution and spherical shape of AgNPs were achieved by optimizing the initial silver nitrate concentration (0.01 to 1 M) and reaction time (10-60 min). HA-AgNPs nanocomposite and PVA/HA-AgNPs nanofibrous mats were fabricated by electrospinning technique from aqueous solution containing a different mass ratio of PVA and HA-AgNPs and characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, DLS, XRD, TGA, and ATR-FTIR. Mechanical and rheological properties were also investigated and discussed. The novel nanofibrous mats show great potential in skin regeneration and drug carrier applications.

• MeSH
• dusičnan stříbrný chemie   MeSH
• elektrochemie MeSH
• ionty MeSH
• kovové nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová chemie   MeSH
• nanokompozity chemie   MeSH
• nanovlákna MeSH
• nosiče léků MeSH
• obvazy MeSH
• polyvinylalkohol chemie   MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
• reologie MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
• stříbro chemie   MeSH
• technologie zelené chemie * MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Inaccessible hygiene water sources and sanitation are one of the sustainability issues that need to be solved. An attempt to solve this problem is to change the conventional system used in the water supply and sewage treatment to sustainable water and waste management. To transform the system, companies initially need to map their business value chain. However, this process is often not receiving a full attention by the organisation. In an academic perspective, there are limited studies that map the value chains of water and waste systems. To overcome this limitation, the present study aims to map the value chain processes of the water and wastewater utility companies towards a sustainability solution. A review of related studies is used to conduct this study. Khuzestan Urban Water and Sewage company in Iran has been selected as case studies. The mapping results indicate a lack of sustainability integration in a water management system that leads to ineffective and inefficient water management. Value chain mapping process is significant for practitioners, particularly in the water and sewage companies, as a starting point for transforming their conventional water management systems towards sustainability. Experts at the company stated that value chain mapping as part of value chain analysis enables organisations to increase operational efficiency and eliminate waste by 57%.

• MeSH
• odpad tekutý - odstraňování * MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• odpadní vody * MeSH
• voda MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Írán MeSH

p16ink4 and pRb, two components of a key G1/S regulatory pathway, and tumor suppressors commonly targeted in oncogenesis, are among the candidates for gene therapy of cancer. Wild-type p16 and a constitutively active pRb(delta cdk) mutant both blocked G1 in short-term experiments, but only p16 imposed a sustained G1 arrest. Unexpectedly, cells conditionally exposed to pRb(delta cdk) entered S phase after 2 days, followed by endoreduplication between days 4-6. The distinct phenotypes evoked by p16 vs pRb(delta cdk) appear mediated by cyclin E/CDK2 which, while active in the pRb(delta cdk)-expressing cells, became rapidly inhibited through restructuring diverse cyclin/CDK/p21 complexes by p16. These results provide novel insights into the roles of p16, pRb and cyclin E in G1/S control and multistep oncogenesis, with implications for gene therapy strategies.

• MeSH
• cyklin-dependentní kinasa 2 MeSH
• cyklin-dependentní kinasy biosyntéza   metabolismus   MeSH
• G1 fáze genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• inhibitor p16 cyklin-dependentní kinasy biosyntéza   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• inhibitory růstu genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• kinasy CDC2-CDC28 * MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorová transformace buněk genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorové buňky kultivované MeSH
• osteosarkom MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy biosyntéza   metabolismus   MeSH
• retinoblastomový protein biosyntéza   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• S fáze genetika   MeSH
• technika přenosu genů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

In this study, selective green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (nAu) with the use of Tarragon extract (Artemisia dracunculus) was investigated. Characterization of the synthetized nAu was carried out using several techniques including: UV-Vis, SEM, zeta potential analysis, DLS, and ATR-FTIR. Based on measurements of Tarragon extract by HPLC-MS, significant chemical substances participating as reducing and stabilizing agents were identified. FTIR confirmed typical functional groups that could be found in these acids on the nAu surface, such as O-H, C=O and C-O. The effects of various parameters (concentration of Tarragon extract, Au precursor, and initial pH of the synthesis) on the shape and size of the nanoparticles have been investigated. UV-Vis and SEM confirmed the formation of nAu at various concentrations of the extract and Au precursor and showed correlation between the added extract concentration and shift in maximal absorbance towards higher frequencies, indicating the formation of smaller nanoplates. Zeta potential determined at various pH levels revealed that its value decreased with pH, but for all experiments in the pH range of 2.8 to 5.0, the value is below - 30 mV, an absolute value high enough for long-term nAu stability. In order to evaluate nAu catalytic activity, the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by sodium borohydride was used as a model system. The reaction takes place 1.5 times faster on Au-triangles than on Au-spherical NPs.

• MeSH
• aminofenoly chemie   MeSH
• borohydridy chemie   MeSH
• katalýza MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kovové nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• nitrofenoly chemie   MeSH
• pelyněk chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty analýza   chemie   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• technologie zelené chemie metody   MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• zlato chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Environmental friendly agricultural management has an urgent need for finding a sustainable strategy for the usage of different by-products from bioenergy production. These are either used as soil amendments or fertilizers. This study is aimed at evaluating if and how soil organic matter changes after the application of biochar, compost, and digestate. A pot experiment was conducted with Haplic Cambisol (low range arable soil) in Phytotron CLF PlantMaster (Wertingen, Germany). The chemical composition of isolated humic acids (HA) was determined by an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). FT-IR spectroscopy and CHNS analysis were used for detailed chemical and optical characterization. Soil magnetic properties - radical concentration, g-parameters of radicals, and iron ions were evaluated by EPR spectroscopy. The results showed that amending arable soil with biochar, digestate and compost results in chemical and structural changes of humic substances. The radicals originated in biochar and digestate are built-in to the structure of the humic acid, which was confirmed by EPR g-parameter values. Despite a relatively high concentration of paramagnetic metal ions Fe and Mn the effect of semiquinone radical quenching was not observed. That suggests a conclusion that metal ions of studied amendments are binding in HA structure and did not disturb natural radical processes in the soil. It was also concluded that the effect of applied material depends mainly on its chemical properties and the soil type.

• MeSH
• huminové látky * analýza   MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva MeSH
• půda * MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Německo MeSH

A framework of postulates is formulated to define the existence, nature, and function of a coherent state far from thermodynamic equilibrium in biological systems as an essential condition for the existence of life. This state is excited and sustained by energy supply. Mitochondria producing small packets of energy in the form of adenosine and guanosine triphosphate and strong static electric field around them form boundary elements between biochemical-genetic and physical processes. The transformation mechanism of chemical energy into useful work for biological needs and the excitation of the coherent state far from thermodynamic equilibrium are fundamental problems. The exceptional electrical polarity of biological objects and long-range interactions suggest a basic role of the endogenous electromagnetic field generated by living cells. The formulated postulates encompass generation, properties and function of the electromagnetic field connected with biological activity and its pathological deviations. Excited longitudinal polar oscillations in microtubules in eukaryotic cells generate the endogenous electromagnetic field. The metabolic activity of mitochondria connected with water ordering forms conditions for excitation. The electrodynamic field plays an important role in the establishment of coherence, directional transport, organization of morphological structures, interactions, information transfer, and brain activity. An overview of experimental results and physical models supporting the postulates is included. The existence of the endogenous biological electromagnetic field, its generation by microtubules and supporting effects produced by mitochondria have a reasonable experimental foundation. Cancer transformation is a pathological reduction of the coherent energy state far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Malignancy, i.e. local invasion and metastasis, is a direct consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction, disturbed microtubule polar oscillations and the generated electromagnetic field.

• MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• elektromagnetická pole * MeSH
• energetický metabolismus fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrotubuly metabolismus   MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorová transformace buněk * metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH