Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the three most essential micronutrients which play major roles in plant survivability by being a structural or non-structural component of the cell. Plants acquire these nutrients from soil in the fixed (NO3 ̄, NH4+) and solubilized forms (K+, H2PO4- and HPO42-). In soil, the fixed and solubilized forms of nutrients are unavailable or available in bare minimum amounts; therefore, agrochemicals were introduced. Agrochemicals, mined from the deposits or chemically prepared, have been widely used in the agricultural farms over the decades for the sake of higher production of the crops. The excessive use of agrochemicals has been found to be deleterious for humans, as well as the environment. In the environment, agrochemical usage resulted in soil acidification, disturbance of microbial ecology, and eutrophication of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. A solution to such devastating agro-input was found to be substituted by macronutrients-availing microbiomes. Macronutrients-availing microbiomes solubilize and fix the insoluble form of nutrients and convert them into soluble forms without causing any significant harm to the environment. Microbes convert the insoluble form to the soluble form of macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) through different mechanisms such as fixation, solubilization, and chelation. The microbiomes having capability of fixing and solubilizing nutrients contain some specific genes which have been reported in diverse microbial species surviving in different niches. In the present review, the biodiversity, mechanism of action, and genomics of different macronutrients-availing microbiomes are presented.
- MeSH
- Bacteria * metabolismus genetika klasifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- biotechnologie * MeSH
- draslík metabolismus MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- fosfor metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny MeSH
- zemědělství MeSH
- živiny * metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The growth and accumulation of active ingredients of Angelica sinensis were affected by rhizosphere soil microbial communities and soil environmental factors. However, the correlationship between growth and active ingredients and soil biotic and abiotic factors is still unclear. This study explored rhizosphere soil microbial community structures, soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and their effects on the growth and active ingredient contents of A. sinensis in three principal cropping areas. Results indicated that the growth indices, ligustilide, ferulic acid contents, and soil environmental factors varied in cropping areas. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the growth of A. sinensis was affected by organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus; ferulic acid and ligustilide accumulation were related to soil catalase and alkaline phosphatase activities, respectively. Illumina MiSeq sequencing showed that the genera Mortierella and Conocybe were the dominant fungal communities, and Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Bryobacter, and Lysobacter were the main bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere soil. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and Spearman correlation conjoint analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) among the composition of the rhizosphere microbial communities at all three sampling sites. The growth and active ingredient accumulation of A. sinensis not only was significantly susceptible to the bacterial communities of Sphingomonas, Epicoccum, Marivita, Muribaculum, and Gemmatimonas but also were significantly influenced by the fungal communities of Inocybe, Septoria, Tetracladium, and Mortierella (p < 0.05). Our findings provide a scientific basis for understanding the relationship between the growth and active ingredients in A. sinensis and their corresponding rhizosphere soil microbial communities, soil physicochemical properties, and enzyme activities.
- MeSH
- Angelica sinensis * růst a vývoj chemie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dusík analýza MeSH
- fosfor analýza MeSH
- houby klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- rhizosféra * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
High soil pH and excess CaCO3 are major contributors to calcareous soil limitations on crops' access to essential nutrients, especially phosphorus (P) and micronutrients, which in turn impact pulses yields and growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bio sulfur granules (BSG) on the growth of black gram and the availability of nutrients in calcareous vertisols deficient in sulfur. BSG was developed by using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and elemental sulfur (ES) through an incubation study. Developed BSG was tested in a pot and field conditions to evaluate their effectiveness on black gram growth and yield. In the incubation study, soil treated with Methylobacterium thiocyanatum VRI7-A4 and ES (40 kg S/ha) significantly decreased pH and increased available S (SO42-) in calcareous soils. After 40 days of incubation, the solubility of P, Fe, and Zn was greatly increased by the addition of ES @ 40 kg S/ ha in combination with M. thiocyanatum VRI7-A4 or Pandoraea thiooxydans ATSB16. Black gram in S-deficient calcareous soil was improved by the application of BSG (ES @ 40 kg S/ ha with M. thiocyanatum VRI7-A7) in terms of root and shoot lengths, nodule number, plant biomass, pod yield, and biological yield as compared to control. The same treatment greatly increased plant nutrient intake as well as the concentrations of P, Fe, and Zn in the soil. The results showed that the addition of BSG granules (ES @ 40 kg S/ha + M. thiocyanatum VRI7-A4) to calcareous vertisol deficient in S enhanced the nutrient solubility through S oxidation. The developed bio sulfur granules may be added to the fertilizer schedule of the pulses growers to get improved crop growth and yield of black gram in calcareous soil.
Vápník a fosfor jsou důležitými minerály, na jejichž metabolismu a homeostáze se v organismu podílí celá řada hormonů a orgánů, zejména skelet, příštítná tělíska, gastrointestinální trakt a ledviny. Poruchy fosfokalciového metabolismu mohou být spojeny s nefyziologickými koncentracemi těchto minerálů v séru, patologickými ději v kostní tkáni a poruchami hlavních regulačních systémů, hlavně příštítných tělísek, ledvin a gastrointestinálního traktu.
Calcium and phosphorus are important minerals whose metabolism and homeostasis in the body involve many hormones and organs, especially the skeleton, parathyroid glands, digestive tract and kidneys. Disturbances in phospho-calcium metabolism may be associated with non-physiological serum concentrations of these minerals, pathological processes in bone tissue, and disturbances in major regulatory systems, particularly the parathyroid glands, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
- MeSH
- fosfor * krev MeSH
- hyperfosfatemie diagnóza komplikace MeSH
- hyperkalcemie diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- hypofosfatemie diagnóza komplikace MeSH
- hypokalcemie diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- kalcitriol krev metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolické nemoci diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace metabolismus MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu D diagnóza farmakoterapie krev MeSH
- vápník * krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Výživa hraje významnou roli v léčbě chronického onemocnění ledvin (CHOL). Jedním z hlavních cílů nutriční terapie CHOL je umožnění správného vývoje a růstu dětí. Vhodná výživa je zásadní pro terapii komplikací CHOL, obzvláště metabolické kostní nemoci. Zdravá, čerstvá a pestrá strava by měla být základem jídelníčku, příjem zpracovaných potravin by měly děti s CHOL významně omezit. Tento přehledový článek vychází z recentně publikovaných mezinárodních doporučení a shrnuje současný přístup k výživě dětí s CHOL.
Nutrition plays an important role in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). One of the main nutritional goals in children is to achieve normal growth and development. Adequate nutrition is crucial for proper management of CKD complications, especially metabolic bone disease. A healthy, fresh, and varied diet should form the basis of the meal plan, patients should significantly limit their intake of processed foods. This review is based on recently published international guidelines and summarizes the current approach to nutrition of children with CKD.
- MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience * diagnóza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- draslík krev MeSH
- fosfor krev MeSH
- hodnocení stavu výživy MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční terapie metody MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- strava, jídlo, výživa MeSH
- vápník krev MeSH
- výživové doporučené dávky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Osteoporóza je chronické metabolické onemocnění kostí, které vzniká důsledkem nerovnováhy mezi kostní novotvorbou a resorpcí. Kostní remodelace je dynamický proces ovlivněný genetickými faktory, výživou a pohybovou aktivitou. Vápník, fosfor a vitamin D jsou ústředními nutričními faktory v prevenci a léčbě osteoporózy, ale vzhledem ke složitosti kostní tkáně je nezbytné zohlednit i další nutrienty. Článek shrnuje význam jednotlivých živin, diskutuje rizika spojená s nevhodnými stravovacími návyky, rostoucí spotřebou průmyslově zpracovaných potravin a zdůrazňuje význam celkového životního stylu v prevenci osteoporózy. Přehled poskytuje ucelený obraz na význam jednotlivých živin v primární prevenci osteoporózy s ohledem na aktuální trendy a nabízí praktická doporučení pro podporu zdraví kostí.
Osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic bone disease that results from an imbalance between bone formation and resorption. Bone remodeling is a dynamic process influenced by genetic factors, nutrition and physical activity. Calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D are key nutritional factors in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, but due to the complexity of bone tissue, other nutrients must also be considered. This article summarizes the importance of each nutrient, discusses the risks associated with inappropriate dietary habits, increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods and emphasizes the importance of overall lifestyle in the prevention of osteoporosis. This review offers a comprehensive view of the role of individual nutrients in the primary prevention of osteoporosis in the context of current trends and provides practical recommendations for maintaining bone health.
- MeSH
- fosfor metabolismus MeSH
- hořčík metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nenasycené mastné kyseliny metabolismus MeSH
- osteoporóza * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- průmyslově zpracované potraviny MeSH
- vápník metabolismus MeSH
- vitaminy metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- živiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Limited availability constrains the implementation of 225Ac, the most promising α emitter for targeted therapy, in clinical practice. Proton activation of 226Ra is one of few realistic solutions to this problem. We have therefore measured cross sections of relevant 226Ra(p,xn) nuclear reactions in the energy range of 12.0 to 17.2 MeV. The obtained results allowed us to deduce the yield of 224Ac, 225Ac, and 226Ac. The consequences of our data to predictions of production capacity and radionuclidic purity of 225Ac are thoroughly discussed, and their comparison with previous measurements and with the prediction of the TALYS 1.96 nuclear reaction model code run with default parameters are provided.
- MeSH
- aktinium * chemie MeSH
- fosfor * chemie MeSH
- radiochemie MeSH
- radium * chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: This research investigated the effects of different hemodialysis modalities combined with low-calcium dialysate (LCD) on mineral metabolism and vascular calcification (VC) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: General data were collected from 192 cases of MHD patients, who were divided into 4 groups according to the randomized numerical table. Each group was given LCD treatment, and conventional hemodialysis (HD), high-flux HD (HFHD), hemodiafiltration (HDF), and HD + hemoperfusion (HP) were performed, respectively. The patients were dialyzed 3 times per week for 4 h each time, and each group was treated for 6 months. Fasting venous blood was collected. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured by ELISA, calcium (Ca2+), phosphorus (P), Ca2+-P product, serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), β2 microglobulin (β2-MG), and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was determined by turbidimetric assay, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured by autoradiographic immunoassay. To assess the extent of calcification in the iliac artery and abdominal aorta, a multilayer spiral CT device was employed for abdominal scans. RESULTS: Serum IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF-α, Ca2+, P, Ca2+-P product, SCr, BUN, β2-MG, iPTH, and ALP levels decreased, while 25(OH)D levels increased in the four groups after treatment. The most pronounced effect on the reduction of IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF-α, Ca2+, P, Ca2+-P product, SCr, BUN, β2-MG, iPTH, and ALP was in the HD + HP group, followed by the HDF and HFHD groups, and then by the HD group. The rate of VC in the HDF, HFHD, and HD + HP groups was lower than that in the HD group, and the rate in the HD + HP group was lower than that in the HDF and HFHD groups. CONCLUSION: The combination of HD + HP and LCD in treating CKD with MHD is effective, evidently rectifying disruptions in serum Ca2+ and P metabolism, enhancing kidney function, lessening the body's inflammatory response, and lessening VC.
- MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein metabolismus analýza MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience * terapie krev komplikace metabolismus MeSH
- dialýza ledvin * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dialyzační roztoky farmakologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fosfor krev MeSH
- interleukin-6 krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- minerály metabolismus krev MeSH
- parathormon krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- TNF-alfa krev MeSH
- vápník * krev metabolismus MeSH
- vaskulární kalcifikace * krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Phosphate-solubilising fungi (PSF) are beneficial microorganisms that play a pivotal role in plant growth by increasing the availability of phosphorus (P) in soil. Although phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants, it often becomes inaccessible as it binds into insoluble forms. PSF effectively facilitate the release of this bound phosphorus through diverse mechanisms. Numerous fungal species demonstrate the ability to solubilise various types of phosphate compounds. Among the commonly researched PSF are Penicillium, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Sclerotium. Moreover, yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae can potentially be leveraged as PSF. PSF secrete organic acids that chelate phosphate ions, thereby increasing their solubility in the soil. Moreover, PSF contribute to the decomposition of organic phosphorus compounds in soil by employing enzymes such as phosphatases, phytases, and phosphonatases. Furthermore, PSF can interact with other soil microorganisms, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM-fungi), fostering synergistic effects that further enhance plant growth and nutrient absorption. The utilisation of PSF as biofertilisers offers numerous advantages over chemical fertilisers, including environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced fertiliser utilisation efficiency. Furthermore, PSF can prove beneficial in challenging environments characterised by high phosphate sorption. Hence, this review serves as an updated study aimed at broadening the understanding of PSF and its potential applications in P solubilisation. This review also focuses on the diversity of PSF, the mechanisms underlying solubilisation, ecological roles of PSF in soil microbiome, and the benefits of sustainable agriculture. By delving into the ecological roles of PSF and their potential as biofertilisers, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of sustainable agriculture practices and addresses challenges in phosphate-scarce environments.
- MeSH
- fosfáty * metabolismus MeSH
- fosfor metabolismus MeSH
- houby * metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- mykorhiza metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva * analýza MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- vývoj rostlin * MeSH
- zemědělství * metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
