Práce se zaměřuje na problematiku flexibility s cílem podat přehled poznatků o rozvoji a diagnostice flexibility v rámci zdravotně orientované zdatnosti. Zdůrazňuje se důležitost udržení optimální úrovně flexibility a zvyšování sníženého rozsahu pohybu v kloubně svalové jednotce. Studie podrobně rozpracovává výsledky vědeckých prací porovnávajících účinky jednotlivých metod strečinku a způsoby rozvoje pohyblivosti u zdravých jedinců v tělovýchovné praxi. K udržení optimální pohyblivosti se doporučuje začleňovat protahovací cvičení, zvyšující celkovou tělesnou zdatnost, do dlouhodobého pohybového programu. V závěru jsou shrnuta doporučení vyplývající z metodiky protahovacích cvičení zaměřených pro rozvoj pohyblivosti. Jako pro začátečníky efektivní se jeví použití statické metody strečinku, u jedinců s vyšší úrovní výkonnosti je vhodné aplikovat metody PNF.

This article is dedicated to problems of flexibility with the aim to provide review of development and diagnostic of flexibility in terms of health related fitness. It justifies importance of the equilibration of optimal level of flexibility and increasing of reduced range of motion in the joint-muscle unit. This study elaborates the results of scientific works comparing the effects single stretching methods and varieties of flexibility´s development by healthy persons in physical training. To maintain optimal flexibility is commend integration of stretching exercise into long-term motion intervention program upping fitness. As effective for the beginners appear static stretching method, for persons with higher performance is suitable the aplication of PNF methods.

• Keywords
• zdravotně orientovaná zdatnost, flexibilita, rozvoj a hodnocení pohyblivosti,
• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Range of Motion, Articular MeSH
• Muscle Stretching Exercises MeSH
• Physical Fitness MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Motor Activity physiology   MeSH
• Range of Motion, Articular physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH

• MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy MeSH
• Solutions MeSH
• Serum Albumin MeSH
• Water MeSH

• MeSH
• Chemotherapy, Adjuvant adverse effects   utilization   MeSH
• Anemia etiology   chemically induced   therapy   MeSH
• Erythropoietin analogs & derivatives   administration & dosage   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Drug Administration Schedule MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Basketball MeSH
• Running MeSH
• Bicycling MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Kinesiology, Applied methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Arthrometry, Articular * methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena MeSH
• Swimming MeSH
• Range of Motion, Articular * physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH

Disturbances of cognitive functions have been recognized as hallmarks of schizophrenia and predictors of therapeutic outcome. They significantly limit patient ́s functioning, yet there are no specific treatments for cognitive deficits in this disease. In this translational project, we seek to determine the causal role of hippocampal-prefrontal projections in cognitive coordination and flexibility. Moreover, causative role of frontotemporal theta coherence and synchrony will be revealed by controlling PV+ interneuron activity in freely-moving rats. The human part will test relations of frontotemporal synchrony to coordination and flexibility in 35 remitted schizophrenia patients and 35 matched healthy controls using a hrEEG/fMRI measurements and tests of the virtual reality. The overall aim is to elucidate a neuronal substrate for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia for an intelligent design of new treatments. Results of this project will unequivocally show the constituents of frontotemporal dysfunction in schizophrenia and open way for future treatment of cognitive deficits.

Poruchy kognitivních funkcí jsou považovány za klíčový příznak schizofrenie a předpovídají terapeutický výsledek. Velmi významně narušují denní fungování pacientů se schizofrenií, a přesto dosud neexistuje cílená léčba kognitivního deficitu u schizofrenie. V tomto translačním projektu plánujeme objasnit kauzální roli hipokampálně-prefrontálních projekcí v kognitivní koordinace a flexibilitě. Rovněž ukážeme na příčinnou roli frontotemporální theta koherence a synchronie pomocí optogenetické kontroly aktivity PV+ interneuronů u volně pohyblivých potkanů. V klinické části otestujeme vliv frontotemporální synchronizace na kognitivní koordinaci a flexibilitu ve skupině 35 pacientů v remisi a u 35 zdravých kontrol s využitím hrEEG/fMRI měření a testů virtuální reality. Hlavním cílem je objasnění neurobiologického substrátu kognitivního deficitu u schizofrenie, které umožní inteligentní design nových léčebných postupů. Výsledky projektu jednoznačně ukážou složky frontotemporální dysfunkce u schizofrenie a otevřou cestu pro budoucí specifickou terapii kognitivního deficitu.

• MeSH
• Electroencephalography MeSH
• Hippocampus MeSH
• Cognitive Dysfunction etiology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
• Disease Models, Animal MeSH
• Synaptic Transmission MeSH
• Neuroimaging MeSH
• Optogenetics MeSH
• Prefrontal Cortex MeSH
• Schizophrenia diagnosis   MeSH
• Translational Research, Biomedical MeSH
• Virtual Reality MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• neurologie
• psychiatrie
• NML Publication type
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

• Keywords
• Viagra,
• MeSH
• Citrates administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Pharmacologic Actions MeSH
• Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Finger Joint physiopathology   pathology   drug effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Fingers physiology   pathology   MeSH
• Range of Motion, Articular drug effects   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Sclerosis complications   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

The authors of this article deal with the problem of stretching excercises which help to devolop joint flexibility in training of football players at the age of 18 and 19. We reached the result after the research that if we apply the programm three times a week during four months it will be successful. All informations taken from the research will be sent to trainers of lower divisions because the number of their trainings is similar.

• MeSH
• Soccer physiology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Men MeSH
• Range of Motion, Articular physiology   MeSH
• Exercise Movement Techniques methods   statistics & numerical data   utilization   MeSH
• Physical Fitness physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH

• MeSH
• Anthropometry MeSH
• Video Recording MeSH
• Biometry MeSH
• Gait MeSH
• Range of Motion, Articular MeSH

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, blinded analysis of imaging studies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is compare the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to lateral radiograph using bolster in the evaluation of Scheuermann kyphosis (SK) curve flexibility measurement. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: The flexibility of the thoracic curve [thoracic kyphosis (TK)] in SK is of primary importance in its preoperative planning. Several methods have been described for SK curve flexibility measurement. The most commonly used method is lateral hyperextension radiography on hard bolster [hyperextension radiograph (HE)]. No current methods use MRI for flexibility assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flexibility of TK in SK patients was measured as a difference between standing radiograph and bolster-assisted lateral HE or supine MRI. The sagittal Cobb angle of the TK was measured between the superior endplate of T4 and the inferior endplate of T12 vertebral body. Flexibilities measured by these 2 methods were compared and analyzed using the generalized estimating equation analysis and the correlation analysis. RESULTS: We assessed 18 SK patients (14 males and 4 females) with mean age of 20.06±6.03 years. The standing TK x-rays showed 83.8±6.1 degrees. On HE, TK curve reduced by 39.3 degrees (95% confidence interval, 35.8-42.9) to 44.5±6.2 degrees (P<0.001). Preoperative MRI images showed TK of 53.8±5.9 degrees which means reduction by 30 degrees (95% confidence interval, 26.6-33.4) from the standing radiographs (P<0.001). Linear dependency between HE and MRI flexibility with a mean difference of 9.3 degrees was found (R=0.61, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that preoperative MRI can be used for SK flexibility assessment with similar predictive value as routinely used bolster-assisted hyperextension lateral radiograph. Consequently, patient exposure to preoperative hyperextension ionizing radiation may be reduced.

• MeSH
• Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging * MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Pliability MeSH
• Scheuermann Disease diagnosis   physiopathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH