Breast milk, as the optimal food for infants and young children, contains all the components necessary for proper growth and development. It is a rich source of both essential nutrients and biologically active factors, making breast milk a unique food with scientifically proven health-promoting properties. Among the entire range of biologically active factors, breast milk microorganisms and prebiotic factors, in the form of breast milk oligosaccharides, occupy an important place. The aim of our research was to determine the occurrence of bacteria with probiotic potential, belonging to the Lactobacillaceae family, in the environment of breast milk and breast milk oligosaccharides. The study included 63 human milk samples from breastfeeding women at various stages of lactation. Microorganism identification based on culture tests and MALDI TOF/MS, macronutrient analysis using the MIRIS human milk analyser, as well as analysis of human milk oligosaccharides using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry were performed. The results have shown that breast milk from different breastfeeding women is characterized by great diversity in terms of the presence of Lacto-bacillaceae bacteria in its microbiological composition. These bacteria were present in 22.2 % of the tested breast milk samples. Analysis of the human milk oligosaccharide profile revealed a slightly higher content of prebiotic factors in breast milk samples containing Lactobacillaceae, including 2'-fucosyllactose, oligosaccharide occurring in the highest amount in breast milk.
Nucleus pulposus cells (NPC) are important for the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). miR-4478 can aggravate IVDD, but whether it can aggravate IVDD by regulating ferroptosis in NPC remains unclear. The optimal level of ferroptosis activator RSL3 for eliciting ferroptosis in NPC was screened by Western blot and CCK-8 assay. The targeting relationship between miR-4478 and its potential target solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) was explored based on dual luciferase assay. On this basis, IVDD models were constructed. After over-expression or knockdown of miR-4478 or SLC7A11, CCK-8 and calcein-AM/PI assays were employed to evaluate cell damage. Flow cytometry, Western blot and Prussian blue staining were employed to evaluate oxidation and ferroptosis levels, and histopathological staining was applied to evaluate the intervertebral disc tissue injury degree. The optimal concentration of RSL3 was 1 μM. Under these conditions, miR-4478 or SLC7A11 can be effectively over-expressed or knocked down after transfection. Knockdown of miR-4478 can improve the survival rate of NPC, the level of Fe2+ ions, improve the pathological damage of intervertebral disc structure, reduce iron deposition in tissues, and significantly reduce expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferroptosis-related protein. The levels of antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased. When miR-4478 was over-expressed, the above phenomenon was reversed. On this basis, after SLC7A11 was over-expressed, the effect of miR-4478 up-regulation was weakened, and NPC ferroptosis was improved. miR-4478 can target SLC7A11 to promote NPC damage, peroxide accumulation and iron metabolism disorders, leading to ferroptosis, thereby inducing IVDD.
- MeSH
- degenerace meziobratlové ploténky * metabolismus genetika patologie MeSH
- ferroptóza * genetika MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikro RNA * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- nucleus pulposus * metabolismus patologie cytologie MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- transportní systém aminokyselin y+ * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Léčba autologními kmenovými buňkami (autologous cell therapy – ACT) je využívána celosvětově již téměř dvacet let, avšak u nás je určena primárně pro úzké spektrum pacientů a to pro diabetiky s chronickou končetinu ohrožující ischemii (CLTI) bez možnosti provedení standardních metod revaskularizace. Podle dosavadních výzkumů je tato terapie úspěšná jak ve zlepšení parametrů ischemie, tak v hojení defektů a podle většiny studií i v redukci vysokých amputací. Tento přehledový článek se zaměřuje na možnosti terapie u pacientů s CLTI, úspěšnost buněčné léčby a její nové možnosti, které by přispěly ke zlepšení terapeutického účinku.
Autologous cell therapy (ACT) has been used worldwide for almost twenty years, but in our region it is primarily indicated for a limited spectrum of patients, namely those with diabetes and chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) without the possibility of standard revascularization. According to previous research, this therapy is successful in improving ischemia parameters, in healing of chronic wounds and reducing major amputation rates. This review article focuses on the therapeutic options for patients with CLTI, the success rate of cell therapy, and new options to improve the therapeutic effect. From the clinical point of view of real practice, in which the doctor works with one, only real patient, it is necessary to keep in mind the nature of the numerical values with which we work, and whose accuracy and validity are not the same.
Garadacimab je nově registrovaný lék určený k profylaktické léčbě pacientů s hereditárním angioedémem s deficitem C1 inhibitoru. Blokuje aktivovaný koagulační faktor XII a tím inhibuje tvorbu bradykininu, který je hlavním mediátorem zodpovědným za vznik otoku u pacientů s touto diagnózou. Klinické studie naznačují jeho vysokou účinnost a bezpečnost.
Garadacimab is a newly approved drug designed for the prophylactic treatment of patients with hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency. It blocks activated coagulation factor XII, thereby inhibiting the production of bradykinin, the key mediator responsible for the development of swelling in patients with this condition. Clinical studies suggest its high efficiency and safety.
Neurologie pro praxi, ISSN 1213-1814 2025;26(Suppl. B)
7 stran : ilustrace ; 30 cm
Publikace obsahuje práci přednesenou na kongresu, který se zaměřil na roli biomarkerů u Alzheimerovy nemoci. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- zprávy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- neurologie
Automatické systémy pro dávkování inzulinu (AID) představují významný pokrok v léčbě diabetu, zejména pro pacienty s diabetem 1. typu (DM1T). Tyto uzavřené hybridní smyčky integrují technologii kontinuální monitorace glukózy (CGM) s léčbou inzulinovou pumpou (CSII). Napodobují fyziologickou funkci slinivky tím, že upravují dávku inzulinu v reakci na hladiny glukózy v reálném čase. Vývoj těchto systémů představuje zásadní milník v péči o diabetes a nabízí naději ke zlepšení kompenzace diabetu, snížení rizika hypoglykemie a zvýšení kvality života pacientů.
Automatic insulin delivery systems represent a significant advancement in the management of diabetes, particularly for individuals with type 1 diabetes. These systems, often referred to as hybrid closed-loop systems, integrate continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology with insulin pump therapy, aiming to imitate the physiological function of the pancreas by adjusting insulin delivery in response to real-time glucose levels. The development of these systems has been a critical milestone in diabetes care, offering the promise of improved glucose control, reduced risk of hypoglycemia, and enhanced quality of life for patients.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children and adolescents in Prague, Czech Republic, between January and July 2024, and to compare the findings with data from the preceding period. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data of paediatric patients at our single tertiary care facility was conducted. Two distinct patient cohorts were subjected to analysis: the first comprising individuals who had been hospitalised between January 2019 and July 2024, and the second consisting of outpatients who had been treated during the periods of January to July 2023 and January to July 2024. RESULTS: A 12.3-fold increase in the number of outpatients diagnosed with MPP was observed between January and July 2024 in comparison to the same period in 2023, with 111 cases reported in 2024 versus 9 cases in 2023. A total of 23 patients were hospitalised with MPP between January 2019 and July 2024, with 15 of these hospitalisations having occurred between January and July 2024. The median age was 12 years, with an age range of 1 to 17 years. The majority of cases presented with a high fever, chest pain, and required oxygen support. A failure of the clarithromycin treatment was observed, resulting in 19.48% of doxycycline prescriptions being issued due to a prior failure of clarithromycin treatment. During the monitoring period, no cases of treatment failure with doxycycline were documented. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates an emerging trend of increased incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in the paediatric population during the initial seven months of 2024 in the Czech Republic. Doxycycline has been demonstrated to be the optimal antibiotic for the treatment of MPP and in accordance with the prevailing practice in other states it should be included in the therapeutic regimen even in children under the age of eight. The authors put forward recommendations for the implementation of measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of MPP on public health.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * terapeutické užití MeSH
- centra terciární péče MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae MeSH
- mykoplazmová pneumonie * epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of fatalities in injuries in traffic accidents in Montenegro, identify contributing risk factors, and determine the most vulnerable participants in these accidents. METHODS: The research was designed as a retrospective descriptive study. Participants were people admitted to the Urgent Centre of Clinical Centre of Montenegro due to injuries in traffic accidents that resulted in serious bodily injury or death in the period from 2011-2020. We presented data using descriptive statistics. The square test was used to examine the association between the outcome of traffic injury with sex, age, category of injury, type of traffic participant, and injury localisation. Additionally, we used logistic regression to estimate the best predictor value of these variables for outcome. RESULTS: It was found that 44.7% of injured people died, the most frequent fatal outcome was registered in patients with central nervous system injuries (73.2%), then in patients with asphyxia (47.0%), and patients with bleeding (40.5%), χ2 = 27.530, p < 0.001. The most frequently injured traffic participants were drivers, but the highest number of deceased were among cyclists. Also, logistic regression showed that the category of injury was the most predictive impact on outcome in traffic-injured correspondents (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Among the injured, the highest number are drivers, and the fatal outcome mostly depends on the injury category. Nearly half of those injured in traffic accidents die, especially those with central nervous system injuries and cyclists. Therefore, special attention should be given during public health campaigns related to traffic accident prevention, focusing on this injury and this category of traffic participants.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dopravní nehody * statistika a číselné údaje mortalita MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- rány a poranění * mortalita epidemiologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Černá Hora MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Having adequate level of health literacy is a very powerful tool of improving health. "Emerging adulthood" is described as a period between age of 18-25 years, characterized by changing life circumstances, developing personality and exploring possibilities. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between health literacy and socioeconomic status of young adults in Serbia and their individual influence on the reproductive health and sexual behaviour. METHODS: This research was conducted as observational, cross-sectional study. We used STOFHLA to assess the health literacy level of young people and general information questionnaire for demographic, social and economic characteristics of respondents, health knowledge and behaviour in the area of reproductive health. Chi-square test was performed to assess the existence of association between categorical variables using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). RESULTS: Results of our research found significant connection between levels of health literacy and age groups, marital status, but also connection with living in rural place. Socio-demographic factors and health literacy levels had significant impact on various aspects of sexual behaviour and reproductive health knowledge. CONCLUSION: The importance of this research is reflected in its contribution to a clearer understanding of the impact of health literacy and socioeconomic status on the reproductive health of young people in Serbia, with the aim of improving public policies, health interventions and educational programmes, which would contribute to reducing health inequalities, improving health outcomes, and developing targeted educational initiatives.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- reprodukční zdraví * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- sexuální chování * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- společenská třída * MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
- zdravotní gramotnost * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Srbsko MeSH
