"Seed and soil” theory
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Breast cancer (BC) epidemic is recognised now worldwide as the reality of the early twenty-first century. Increasing trends in the postmenopausal BC prevalence, even for the European countries earlier demonstrating relatively stable incidence rates of the disease, are highly alarming for the healthcare givers. This new actuality requires a substantial revision of the paradigm currently applied to the BC management and creation of highly innovative concepts. Current multi-centred study highlights new complex mechanisms of the development and progression of the postmenopausal BC. Innovative concepts are presented which argue for more effective predictive and preventive approaches well justified in view of the clusters of the symptoms analysed here and demonstrated as highly prevalent in the postmenopausal breast cancer versus BC-free individuals. Another conceptual novelty presented here is a new interpretation of the "Seed and Soil" theory of metastasis in BC. According to the new concept, the "pre-metastatic niches" ("Soil") are created by a systemic hypoxia a long time before the breast malignancy is clinically manifested.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Breast cancer (BC) epidemic in the twenty-first century is characterised by around half a million deaths and 1.7 million new cases registered annually worldwide. Metastatic disease is the major cause of death in BC patient cohorts. Current statistics are much alarming from the viewpoint of the early mortality amongst BC patients with de novo metastatic disease. A new paradigm of so-called "pre-metastatic niches" may sufficiently promote our knowledge regarding potential pathomechanisms, individual predisposition and prognosis in development and progression of the metastatic disease. However, the crucial question remains unaddressed, whether hypoxic pre-metastatic niches in BC are created by or prior to the tumour onset. So far, the current interpretation of the "Seed and Soil" theory of metastasis proposing that the pre-metastatic niches are formed by primary tumours which "induce and guide" the process is incomplete, since it does not provide satisfactory explanations towards several facts overviewed in the article. The overall results of this study clearly support the working hypothesis presented by the authors proposing that the epi/genetic predisposition of individuals at risk to form the systemic hypoxic pre-metastatic niches can be established a long time before breast malignancy is clinically manifested. "Flammer Syndrome" (FS) phenotype may strongly contribute to particularly poor outcomes of metastatic breast cancer. Significance and relevance of individual FS symptoms for breast cancer metastatic disease are discussed in extenso.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
... -- Western culture resisted evolutionary views of life 399 Theories of geological gradualism helped clear ... ... whole-plant levels: an overview of transport in plants 692 -- Roots absorb water and minerals from soil ... ... 711 The symptoms of a mineral deficiency depend on the function and mobility of the element 713 -- Soil ... ... characteristics are key environmental factors in terrestrial ecosystems 715 -- Soil conservation is ... ... one step toward sustainable agriculture 717 -- The metabolism of soil bacteria makes nitrogen available ...
Fourth edition 1206, 32 stran : ilustrace ; 29 cm
