Cílem této studie bylo zkoumání účinku akutní imobilizace na expresi dvou časných raných genů. Srovnali jsme dynamiku exprese c-fos a Arc mRNA po imobilizaci trvající od 0,5 do 4 hodin. Exprese obou raných genů u potkanů kmene Sprague-Dawley byla kvantifikována hybridizací in situ v těchto mozkových oblastech: mediální prefronální kortex, mediální amygdala, ventrální část laterálního septa, paraventrikulární nukleus hypotalamu a locus coeruleus. Pozorovali jsme silnou indukci c-fos ve všech testovaných oblastech již po exposici stresoru trvajícího 0,5 hod. V paraventrikulárním jádru a locus cerueus nebyla zjištěna exprese Arc mRNA. Při srovnání s expresí po stresu trvajícím 0,5 hod., exprese c-fos mRNA signifikantně poklesla ve skupinách vystavených stresoru po 2 nebo 4 hod. Ve tkáních, kde dochází k expresi Arc mRNA, nastává jen pomalý pokles těchto hodnot i po expozici trvající až 4 hod. Naše výsledky rozšiřují znalosti o stresorově specifických odpovědích v mozku a demonstrují, že c-fos a Arc geny mohou odlišně sloužit jako markery neuronální aktivity.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute immobilization on the expression of two immediate early genes. We compared the dynamics of expression of c-fos and Arc mRNA after immobilization lasting from 0.5 to 4 hours. The expression of both early genes in Sprague-Dawley rats was quantified by in situ hybridization in following brain areas: medial prefrontal cortex, medial amygdala, lateral septum ventral part, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and locus coeruleus. We observed a strong induction of c-fos in all tested areas already after 0.5 hour stress exposition.. The Arc mRNA expression was not observed in paraventricular nucleus and locus coeruleus. When compared to expression after 0.5 h, the expression of c-fos mRNA significantly decreased in the groups exposed to stressor for 2 or 4 hours. In tissues where Arc mRNA was observed, the expression of this early gene decreased very slowly even after 4 hours. Our results extend the knowledge of stressor specific response in the brain and demonstrate that c-fos and Arc genes can served differentially as markers of neuronal activity.
Filamentous green algae of the genus Zygnema (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta) are key components of polar hydro-terrestrial mats where they face various stressors including UV irradiation, freezing, desiccation and osmotic stress. Their vegetative cells can develop into pre-akinetes, i.e. reserve-rich, mature cells. We investigated lipid accumulation and fatty acid (FA) composition upon pre-akinete formation in an Arctic and an Antarctic Zygnema strain using transmission electron microscopy and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Pre-akinetes formed after 9 weeks of cultivation in nitrogen-free medium, which was accompanied by massive accumulation of lipid bodies. The composition of FAs was similar in both strains, and α-linolenic acid (C18:3) dominated in young vegetative cells. Pre-akinete formation coincided with a significant change in FA composition. Oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acid increased the most (up to 17- and 8-fold, respectively). Small amounts of long-chain polyunsaturated FAs were also detected, e.g. arachidonic (C20:4) and eicosapentaenoic (C20:5) acid. Pre-akinetes exposed to desiccation at 86% relative humidity were able to recover maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, but desiccation had no major effect on FA composition. The results are discussed with regard to the capability of Zygnema spp. to thrive in extreme conditions.
- MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- fotosystém II (proteinový komplex) genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lipidová tělíska metabolismus MeSH
- mastné kyseliny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- osmotický tlak MeSH
- Streptophyta chemie genetika metabolismus účinky záření MeSH
- ultrafialové záření MeSH
- vysoušení MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Antarktida MeSH
- Arktida MeSH
PURPOSE: Hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer is well established for definitive treatment, but not well defined in the postoperative setting. The purpose of this analysis was to assess oncologic outcomes and toxicity in a large cohort of patients treated with conventionally fractionated three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiotherapy (CF) and hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc therapy (HF) after radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2019, a total of 855 patients with prostate carcinoma were treated by postoperative radiotherapy using CF (total dose 65-72 Gy, single fraction 1.8-2 Gy) in 572 patients and HF (total dose 62.5-63.75 Gy, single fraction 2.5-2.55 Gy) in 283 patients. The association of treatment modality with biochemical control, overall survival (OS), and gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity was assessed using logistic and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two modalities regarding biochemical control rates (77% versus 81%, respectively, for HF and CF at 24 months and 58% and 64% at 60 months; p = 0.20). OS estimates after 5 years: 95% versus 93% (p = 0.72). Patients undergoing HF had less frequent grade 2 or higher acute GI or GU side effects (p = 0.03 and p = 0.005, respectively). There were no differences in late GI side effects between modalities (hazard ratio 0.99). Median follow-up was 23 months for HF and 72 months for CF (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: For radiation therapy of resected prostate cancer, our analysis of this largest single-centre cohort (n = 283) treated with hypofractionation with advanced treatment techniques compared with conventional fractionation did not yield different outcomes in terms of biochemical control and toxicities. Prospective investigating of HF is merited.
- MeSH
- hypofrakcionace při ozařování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty * patologie radioterapie chirurgie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- prostata patologie MeSH
- prostatektomie MeSH
- radioterapie s modulovanou intenzitou * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
V letech 1968 až 1997 jsme zjistili v severomoravském regionu 46 případů pneumokoniózy elektrosvářečů s typickými rtg znaky s průměrným věkem 47 roků a průměrnou expozicí 22 roků. U pěti pacientů byly nálezy histologicky ověřeny (ve 4 biopsiích a 1 nekropsii). Do roku 1995 byla onemocnění hodnocena jako „jiná poškození na zdraví z práce", od 1. 1. 1996 jako nemoci z povolání podle Narizení vlády č.290/1995 Sb., kapitoly 111, položky 4. Ke kontrolnímu vyšetření v roce 1998 se dostavilo 27 osob po průměrném časovém odstupu 10,7 roku od diagnostikování nemoci a ukončení rizikové expozice. NeprokázaU jsme ani progresi, ani regresi rentgenologických nálezů. Ve všech případech běželo o pneumokoniózy typu q s převahou četnosti 2 podle ILO. Při funkčním vyšetření jsme prokázali u 40 % osob zhoršení obstruktivní poruchy dýchání, spastickou bronchopulmonální složku jsme zjistili u 26 % a snížení celkové difúzní plicní kapacity u 15 % pacientů. v jednom případě jsme měli v roce 1998 mimořádnou možnost porovnat histologicky nález z nekropsie s bioptickým nálezem z roku 1968 .V třicetiletém odstupu jsme ve shodě se stacionárním rtg nálezem q 3 podle ILO prokázali nezměněný histologicky obraz mikronodulární pneumokoniózy s velmi mírnou fibroprodukcí. Potvrzuje to naše pozorování, že jednou vzniklý závažný nález elektrosvářečské pneumokoniózy se po ukončení expozice nemění.
In the years 1968-1997 we discovered in the North Moravian region 46 cases of arc welders' pneumoconiosis with typical x-ray changes in patients at the average age of 47 years and the average exposure period being 22 years. The findings were histologically checked in 5 cases (4 biopsies and 1 necropsy). Until 1995 the diseases were rated as „other damages to health ensuing from work". Since January 1, 1996 these disorders have been rated as occupational diseases in accordance with Government Decrees No. 290/1995 Sb., Chapter III. Item 4. In 1998 27 persons came to be checked in an average interval of 10,7 years after the disease had been diagnosed and the risk exposure had been terminated. We did not prove progression or regression in X-ray findings. In all cases we have found small opacities type q with prevailing of profusion 2 according to ILO. During functional examination we proved obstructive ventilatory impairment in 40 % of the patients, spastic bronchopulmonary component was found with 26 % and a decrease of total diffuse lung capacity was discovered in 15 % of the patients. In 1998 we had a special chance to compare in one case a histological finding coming out of necropsy with bioptic finding dated 1968. In accordance with a stationary q 3 X-ray finding under ILO we proved in 30 years interval unchanged histological picture of micronodular pneumoconiosis v^th very low fibroproduction. This confirms our observation that a developed serious finding of arc welders' pneumoconiosis is not changed after the exposure period is terminated.
- MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- difuzní kapacita plic MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci z povolání MeSH
- pneumokonióza diagnóza klasifikace patologie MeSH
- radiografie MeSH
- respirační funkční testy metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- svařování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The aim of this study was to compare radiosurgical treatment plan quality of a linear accelerator with Leksell Gamma Knife (LGK) for pituitary adenoma irradiation. Thirty pituitary adenoma patients were evaluated in this study. Treatment plans were prepared on LGK and stereotactic linear accelerator Varian TrueBeam STx. Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plans (21 plans with 2 coplanar arcs and 9 plans with 4 non-coplanar arcs) were calculated for linear accelerator. All the plans were evaluated in terms of conformity, selectivity, gradient index and organ at risk (OAR) sparing. VMAT produced dosimetrically comparable treatment plans to LGK regarding conformity and selectivity (New Conformity Index (NCI): 1.76 ± 0.65 for 4 arc VMAT, 2.33 ± 1,16 for 2 arc VMAT and 1.96 ± 0.71 for LGK; Selectivity Index (SI): 0.63 ± 0.16 for 4 arc VMAT, 0.51 ± 0.16 for 2 arc VMAT and 0.58 ± 0.17 for LGK). Gradient index (GI) was superior for LGK plans (GI: 2.74 ± 0.20 for LGK and 5.28 ± 2.29 for 4 arc VMAT). OAR sparing for optics, brainstem, and hypophysis was similar for both modalities while target volume coverage was maintained the same. Finally, treatment time resulted in favor of VMAT plans (in this study VMAT plans were almost 5 times faster than LGK treatment regarding beam on time). According to the results of this study stereotactic linear accelerator with VMAT treatment could be used as a reasonable alternative to LGK for pituitary adenoma radiosurgery but only if the same head fixation method accuracy and target volume delineation are maintained for both modalities.
- MeSH
- částice - urychlovače MeSH
- celková dávka radioterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory hypofýzy * radioterapie MeSH
- nádory mozku * chirurgie MeSH
- plánování radioterapie pomocí počítače MeSH
- radiochirurgie * MeSH
- radioterapie s modulovanou intenzitou * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Within streptophyte green algae Zygnematophyceae are the sister group to the land plants that inherited several traits conferring stress protection. Zygnema sp., a mat-forming alga thriving in extreme habitats, was collected from a field site in Svalbard, where the bottom layers are protected by the top layers. The two layers were investigated by a metatranscriptomic approach and GC-MS-based metabolite profiling. In the top layer, 6569 genes were significantly upregulated and 149 were downregulated. Upregulated genes coded for components of the photosynthetic apparatus, chlorophyll synthesis, early light-inducible proteins, cell wall and carbohydrate metabolism, including starch-degrading enzymes. An increase in maltose in the top layer and degraded starch grains at the ultrastructural levels corroborated these findings. Genes involved in amino acid, redox metabolism and DNA repair were upregulated. A total of 29 differentially accumulated metabolites (out of 173 identified ones) confirmed higher metabolic turnover in the top layer. For several of these metabolites, differential accumulation matched the transcriptional changes of enzymes involved in associated pathways. In summary, the findings support the hypothesis that in a Zygnema mat the top layer shields the bottom layers from abiotic stress factors such as excessive irradiation.
- MeSH
- Chlorophyta genetika metabolismus MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- fotosyntéza genetika MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- metabolom MeSH
- Streptophyta genetika metabolismus MeSH
- transkriptom MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Arktida MeSH
- Svalbard MeSH
This study investigated the influence of gliding arc plasma discharge on the degradation of Verapamil hydrochloride in water. The plasma discharge was characterized by means of optical emission spectroscopy. Spectra of various atomic and molecular species were observed. Aqueous solution of Verapamil hydrochloride was exposed to gliding arc discharge operated in continuous discharge at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The identification of Verapamil, the degradation mechanisms of Verapamil and its transformation products were performed using liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Experimental results indicate that the atmospheric pressure gliding arc plasma treatment has noticeable effects on Verapamil with satisfactory degradation efficiency. Plausible mechanisms of the degradation were discussed.
Timing of radiotherapy for low-grade gliomas is still controversial due to concerns of possible adverse late effects. Prevention of possible late cognitive sequelae by hippocampal avoidance has shown promise in phase II trials. A patient with progressive low-grade glioma with gradual dedifferentiation into anaplastic astrocytoma is presented along with description of radiotherapy planning process attempting to spare the hippocampus. To our knowledge, this is the first described case using volumetric modulated arc technique to spare hippocampus during transformed low-grade glioma radiotherapy. Using modern intensity-modulated radiotherapy systems it is possible to selectively spare hippocampus together with other standard organs at risk. For selected patients, an attempt to spare hippocampus can be considered as long as other dose characteristics are not significantly compromised compared to standard treatment plan created without any effort to avoid hippocampus.
- MeSH
- adjuvantní radioterapie metody MeSH
- alkylační protinádorové látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- astrocytom patologie MeSH
- celková dávka radioterapie MeSH
- čelní lalok patologie MeSH
- chronické poškození mozku prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dakarbazin analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- dediferenciace buněk MeSH
- gliom farmakoterapie radioterapie chirurgie MeSH
- hipokampus účinky záření MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie MeSH
- kraniální ozáření škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- léčba šetřící orgány metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru farmakoterapie radioterapie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- plánování radioterapie pomocí počítače MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- radioterapie s modulovanou intenzitou škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- supratentoriální nádory farmakoterapie radioterapie chirurgie MeSH
- tumor burden MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
