Autorka v práci předkládá přehled poruch chování, které se mohou vyskytnout ve starším věku, jejich příčiny, faktory zvyšující pravděpodobnost jejich výskytu a možnosti ovlivnění. Pozornost je věnována poruchám chování v souvislosti s depresí, demencí, zevními faktory, různými typy základních onemocnění. Zdůrazněny jsou některé méně očekávané souvislosti, jako vztah tyreopatií a poruch chování, okolnosti doprovázející subdurální hematom apod. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována delirantním stavům a možnostem jejich terapeutického ovlivnění z krátkodobého i dlouhodobého hlediska. Je podán přehled možností využití atypického neuroleptika tiapridu. V závěru článku jsou diskutovány aspekty alkoholové závislosti seniorů a problémy pečovatelů o starší nemocné s poruchami chování.

The author presents an overview of behavioural disturbances that might occur in older age, their causes, factors increasing probability of their occurrence and options for their management. Links are explored between behavioural disturbances and depression, dementia, external factors and various primary disorders. Some less expected associations, such as a link between thyreopathies and behavioural disturbances, circumstances accompanying subdural hematoma etc., are emphasised. Special attention is paid to delirant states and approaches to their short- as well as long?term therapeutic management. An overview of options for the use of the atypical neuroleptic tiapride is presented. Finally, the paper discusses the various aspects of alcohol dependence among seniors and problems carers encounter when caring for older patients with behavioural problems.

• MeSH
• demence diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• deprese diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurokognitivní poruchy diagnóza   chemicky indukované   MeSH
• poruchy sociálního chování diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tiapamil-hydrochlorid terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to explore the associations of family composition, family support and communication with emotional and behavioural problems among adolescents as well as a possible moderating effect of gender on these associations. METHODS: Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2014 in Slovakia were used. The final sample consisted of 2908 students (mean age 14.36; 49.7% boys). We explored the association using generalized linear models. RESULTS: We found that non-intact family was significantly associated with a higher score in emotional and behavioural problems. Family support and communication were found to be significantly associated with a lower score in emotional and behavioural problems. Significant interactions of gender and family communication with emotional and behavioural problems were found, showing that family communication decreased emotional and behavioural problems only in girls. CONCLUSIONS: Family composition, family support and communication play an important role in the occurrence of emotional and behavioural problems in adolescence. Family communication lowers these problems only in girls. Prevention and intervention programmes could be focused on parent-child communication strategies with the importance of differences in the needs of boys and girls.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky rodiny * MeSH
• chování mladistvých psychologie   MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• problémové chování psychologie   MeSH
• studenti psychologie   MeSH
• vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and poor family support and communication can increase emotional and behavioural problems (EBP). Therefore, we assessed the association of difficult communication with mother and with father separately with both emotional and behavioural problems (EBP), and whether adolescents' communication with mother and with father moderates the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) with the EBP of adolescents. METHODS: We used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2018 in Slovakia, comprising 5202 adolescents aged from 11 to 15 (mean age 13.53; 49.3% boys). EBP were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We used generalized linear regression adjusted for age, gender and family affluence to explore the modification of the associations between ACE and EBP by communication (easy vs. difficult communication) with mother and father. RESULTS: Difficult communication or a complete lack of communication due to the absence of mother and father increased the probability of emotional (exp (b): 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92|1.00; and 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91|0.99, respectively) and also of behavioural problems (exp (b): 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92|1.00; and 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90|0.97, respectively). We found a statistically significant interaction of communication with father on the association of ACE with EBP, showing that the joint effects were less than multiplicative. CONCLUSION: Difficult communication with mother and father is related to EBP among adolescents, and adolescents' communication with father moderates the association of ACE with both emotional and behavioural problems among adolescents.

• MeSH
• chování mladistvých * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• duševní poruchy etiologie   MeSH
• emoce * MeSH
• komunikace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nepříznivé zkušenosti z dětství * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• otcové MeSH
• problémové chování * psychologie   MeSH
• rodiče * MeSH
• vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Many physical and psychological characteristics are influenced by prenatal development. Some studies have located links between low birth parameters and behavioural problems, with the latter in turn associated with educational progress, career success, overall health, and subsequent life events. However, few studies have investigated whether this association also applies to children in the normal birth growth range. This study thus investigates the relationship between normal-range birth length, weight, and behavioural problems at the age of seven. We use data from the Czech part of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) cohort, which provides comprehensive insight into a post-communist country undergoing a period of economic transition. Childhood behavioural problems were measured in 1,796 children using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Associations were modelled using weighted logistic regression. Birth weight was found to be linked to the total difficulties score, hyperactivity, and peer relationship problems subscales in a fully adjusted model while birth length was not significantly associated with any subscale in the fully adjusted model. We thus conclude that normal-range birth weight is associated with behavioural problems. It can therefore be assumed that the odds of behavioural problems and their consequences can be mitigated by preventive programs targeting pregnant women and children with lower but still normal weight.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• porodní hmotnost * MeSH
• problémové chování * MeSH
• stupeň vzdělání MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• chování dětí MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to measure the quantity and quality of stimulants available in caregiving environment of children with behavioural problems. THEORETICAL BASE: This study was guided by the ecological systems theory developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, where we measured some of the factors in the home environment that influences children’s development. METHODS: The research design we used in this study was cross-sectional survey, where we measured the home environments of children using the MC-HOME Inventory, a standardized questionnaire developed by Caldwell and Bradley. OUTCOMES: We found an overall mean of 42.35 ± 6.73, from the 59 items provided in the MC- HOME Inventory. From each of the 8 subscales in the Inventory, we observed that responsivity had the highest mean of 9.3+1.63 (max. 9), followed by learning material and opportunity with a mean of 5.65 + 1.27 (max. 7), and the 3rd position, enrichment, had a mean of 5.60 + 2.04 (max. 8). SOCIAL WORK IMPLICATIONS: There is need for field social workers to engage parents on the whole process of re-educating children, especially on how to set the right emotional climate at home that promotes the development of children.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• domácí životní podmínky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poradenství pro děti * MeSH
• poruchy chování u dětí * MeSH
• problémové chování MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• speciální vzdělávání MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Objectives: To explore the role of resilience as a mediator in the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and emotional and behavioural problems (EBP) among adolescents. Methods: We used data from the Slovak 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, comprising 2,839 adolescents aged 13-15 (mean age 13.93; 49.6% boys). We used multivariate linear regression performed on 5000 bootstrap samples adjusted for age, gender, family affluence to explore mediation of the associations between ACE (measured using the adapted Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire) and EBP (measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) by resilience (measured with the Child and Youth Resilience Measure). Results: We found ACE [B = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67|0.90] and resilience (B = -0.73; 95% CI: -0.79|-0.67) to be significantly associated with EBP. The association of ACE and EBP was mediated by resilience. The mediated indirect effect of resilience was ab = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.18|0.32. Conclusion: Resilience seems to play a mediator role in the relationship between ACE and EBP. Helping adolescents with ACE to build and use internal and external sources of resilience can decrease the negative impact of ACE on EBP.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nepříznivé zkušenosti z dětství * MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• problémové chování * MeSH
• psychická odolnost * MeSH
• rodina MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study aims to explore the associations of schoolmate and teacher support with emotional and behavioural problems (EBP) and whether schoolmate and teacher support affects the associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and of EBP in adolescence. We obtained data from 5220 students aged from 11 to 15 (48.7% boys), who participated in the Health Behaviour in a School-aged Children study (2018, Slovakia). Using logistic regression adjusted for gender, age and family affluence we assessed the modification of the relations of ACE and EBP by schoolmate and teacher support. Schoolmate and teacher support decreased the probability of EBP (Odds Ratios, 95% confidence intervals: 0.76, 0.74|0.79; and 0.86, 0.83|0.89, respectively). However, we found no statistically significant interactions of schoolmate and teacher support regarding the association of ACE with EBP. Schoolmate and teacher support decreased the likelihood of EBP among adolescents but do not buffer the relation of any previous ACE with EBP.

• MeSH
• chování mladistvých * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nepříznivé zkušenosti z dětství * MeSH
• problémové chování * MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Consumption of energy drinks has become popular and frequent among adolescents across Europe. Previous research showed that regular consumption of these drinks was associated with several health and behavioural problems. The aim of the present study was to determine the socio-demographic groups at risk for regular energy drink consumption and to explore the association of regular energy drinks consumption with health and behavioural problems and negative school experiences in adolescents. Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study conducted in 2014 in Slovakia were analysed. We assessed socio-demographic characteristics, energy drink consumption, health and behavioural problems and negative school experiences based on self-reports from 8977 adolescents aged 11-15 years (mean age/standard deviation 13/1.33; 50.0% boys). The prevalence of regular energy drink consumption in the present sample was 20.6% (95%CI: 20%-21%). Regular energy drink consumption was more frequent among boys and older adolescents. Adolescents with a medium-level family affluence were less likely to drink energy drinks regularly. Adolescents who consumed energy drinks regularly had more health and behavioural problems and negative school experiences. CONCLUSION: Adolescents drinking energy drinks are at risk of a wide range of negative outcomes and should be specifically addressed by preventive interventions. What is Known • Energy drink consumption has become popular and frequent among adolescents across Europe. • There is growing evidence that energy drink consumption is related to negative social, emotional and health outcomes, but only a few studies have explored this relationship in adolescents. What is New • Regular energy drink consumption was more frequent among boys and adolescents reporting low family affluence and increased with age. • Adolescents reporting regular energy drink consumption were in higher risk to suffer from health and behavioural problems and negative school experiences.

• MeSH
• chování mladistvých psychologie   MeSH
• duševní poruchy * etiologie   MeSH
• energetické nápoje škodlivé účinky   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• riskování MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• školy MeSH
• zdraví dospívajících statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Závažným zdravotním problémem rozvinutých zemí jsou chronická neinfekční onemocnění, na jejichž komplexní etiologii se významně podílí životní styl. Ovlivnění chování formujícího životní styl má proto velký preventivní potenciál. Kognitivní teorie a modely chování ozřejmují psychologické faktory participující na behaviorální změně a umožňují vytváření efektivních preventivních strategií, které jsou v souladu s bio-psycho-sociálním pojetím zdraví a nemoci. Behaviorální intervence se uplatňují v primární i sekundární prevenci, mají efekt na individuální a populační úrovni, zvyšují kvalitu života a snižují náklady na zdravotní péči. Chování směřující ke zdraví a způsoby jeho ovlivnění mají věková specifika.

Chronic non-infectious diseases are a major health problem in the developed countries. Lifestyle plays an important role in their complex aetiology. Affecting the behaviour forming the lifestyle therefore has a strong preventive potential. Cognitive theories and behavioural models illustrate psychological factors participating in the behavioural change and enable to create effective preventive strategies that are consistent with the bio-psycho-social concept of health and disease. Behavioural interventions are used in both primary and secondary prevention, have effects on the individual and population levels, enhance the quality of life and reduce healthcare costs. Health behaviour and ways of affecting this behaviour are age specific.

• MeSH
• chování snižující riziko MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• motivace MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• poradenství MeSH
• postoj ke zdraví * MeSH
• primární prevence MeSH
• programy Healthy People MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma * MeSH
• zdravé chování * MeSH
• zdravotní výchova MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• životní změny MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH