Příspěvek je zaměřen na hledání nových možností rozvoje klíčových kompetencí žáků v rámci široce pojaté výchovy ke zdraví, a to využitím potenciálu zájmového vzdělávání. Uvádí vybrané výsledky vlastního výzkumného šetření, kterým byly sledovány jak určité stránky edukační reality na základních školách, tak i charakter náplně volného času dětí a dospívajících. Zjištěné skutečnosti potvrdily potřebu propojovat formální a neformální složku vzdělávání v oblasti výchovy ke zdravému životnímu stylu a v rámci školních programů prevence rizikových projevů chování dětí a mládeže. Účinnou podporou při výchově ke zdraví může být navržený interdisciplinárně pojatý systém zájmového vzdělávání v primární škole.
The paper is focused on fi nding new opportunities to develop pupils' key competencies in broad-based Health Education using the potential of education through extracurricular activities. It presents selected results of a research survey which monitored certain aspects of educational reality in primary schools as well as the nature of leisure activities for children and adolescents. The fi ndings confi rmed the need to link formal and informal education components in educating to a healthy lifestyle and through school prevention programmes focused on risk behaviour of children and youth. The designed interdisciplinary system of leisure education in primary school can be an effective support for Health Education.
- Keywords
- výchova ke zdraví, zájmové vzdělávání, prevence rizikového chování, systémový přístup,
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Evaluation Studies as Topic MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Health Promotion * MeSH
- Social Behavior Disorders prevention & control MeSH
- Schools MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Leisure Activities * MeSH
- Education * MeSH
- Health Education methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The physical, mental and social development that occurs in young people through physical activity (PA) is primarily through extracurricular activities. Family, peers and social environment, in addition to schools, interest groups and school sports, play a unique role during this developmental period. The objective of the study was to examine the differences in the intensity of PA during school days and weekends and the relationship between PA and physical inactivity (PI) during these days in Polish and Czech boys and girls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, there were 816 participants among whom 333 met the requirements of 8 hours of continuous recording of PA (ActiTrainer accelerometers) during at least one school and one weekend day. RESULTS: Boys and girls from both countries engaged in virtually the same amount of PA during school and weekend days, and participated in more PA at lower intensities on the weekends compared with school days. CONCLUSIONS: This study surveyed important issues related to global public health, specifically for the school environment and school settings. The important and crucial relations with family were emphasized, which should increase the awareness and understanding of public health problems of this particular research sample. The results indicated that less time was spent in PI, but also that the largest amount of time during the weekends was spent in front of a screen.
- MeSH
- Accelerometry MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Motor Activity * MeSH
- Sedentary Behavior MeSH
- Students * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Poland MeSH
Příspěvek seznamuje s výsledky dotazování 9-11letých žáků pražských základních škol praktických, týkajícího se jejich zapojení do mimoškolních pohybových aktivit. Získané údaje jsou srovnány s intaktní populací shodné věkové kategorie. Ze souboru žáků základních škol praktických jich v organizovaných mimoškolních pohybových aktivitách participuje pouhých 19% oproti 55% žáků z běžných základních škol. Relativně malá je i nabídka těchto aktivit ze strany jednotlivých základních škol praktických v porovnání se školami běžného typu. Autorka se snaží najít potenciální příčiny zjištěné situace. Dává do souvislosti specifika osobnosti žáků základních škol praktických, sociální prostředí, ze kterého pocházejí, a materiální, prostorové a personální podmínky těchto speciálních vzdělávacích institucí.
The paper informs about the results of a survey of 9-11 year old pupils of practical elementary schools concerning their involvement in extracurricular movement activities. The obtained data are compared with the intact population of the same age category. Just 19% of the sample of practical elementary schoolchildren participates in organised extracurricular movement activities, compared with 55% of children from ordinary elementary schools. The practical elementary schools’ offer of these activities is also relatively small compared with ordinary schools. The author tries to identify possible causes of the identified situation. The study contextualises the specifics of the personality of practical elementary schoolchildren, the social environment they come from, and the material, spatial and personal conditions of these special educational institutions.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Motor Skills physiology MeSH
- Persons with Intellectual Disabilities MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Sex Distribution MeSH
- Schools statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Education, Special methods MeSH
- Exercise Movement Techniques classification statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Physical Education and Training methods MeSH
- Leisure Activities MeSH
- Life Style MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
Basic motor competencies (BMC) are a prerequisite for children to be physically active, participate in sports and thus develop a healthy, active lifestyle. The present study provides a broad screening of BMC and associations with age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and extracurricular physical activity (PA) in 10 different European countries. The different country and regional contexts within Europe will offer a novel view on already established BMC associations. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 regions in 10 European countries in 2018. The motor competence areas, object movement (OM) and self-movement (SM), were assessed using the MOBAK-1-2 test instrument in 3758 first and second graders (age: M = 6.86 ± 0.60 years; 50% girls) during Physical Education classes. Children were questioned about their extracurricular PA and age. Their body weight and height were measured in order to calculate BMI. Statistical analyses included variances and correlations. The results showed significant differences in BMC levels between countries (OM: F = 18.74, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.048; SM: F = 73.10, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.163) whereas associations between BMC and correlates were similar. Boys performed significantly better in OM while girls performed better in SM. Age was consistently positively related to OM and SM with older children reaching higher levels of BMC than younger ones. While participation rates for extracurricular PA differed widely, participation in ball sports was correlated with OM and SM. Participation in individual sports showed a significant association with SM. In summary, BMC levels of children seem to depend on where they live and are strongly related to their participation in extracurricular PA. Therefore, education and health policies, in order to enhance motor competence development and PA participation, are recommended. Further research on country-specific Physical Education frameworks and their influence on BMC will provide more insights into structural factors and cultural characteristics of BMC development. On a school level, support tools and educational materials for teachers about BMC may enable children to achieve a basic level of motor competencies through Physical Education, contributing to lifelong participation in PA.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The authors describe and compare how physical education classes and healthy lifestyle concepts are taught in selected Czech and U.S. schools for the deaf. Professionals who participated in the study included principals and teachers employed by 4 schools for the deaf. Data from schools were collected during the summer and fall semesters, and subsequent interviews were conducted with the principals and physical education teachers. Unique characteristics were exhibited by each of the 4 schools. The settings for extracurricular physical and sports activities varied by school type (residential or nonresidential). Findings indicated that the general trend in physical education has changed from a focus on sports performance to health-promoting activities. There were opportunities for teachers to revise curriculum programs to further promote the health and academic success of students who are deaf or hard of hearing.
- MeSH
- Exercise MeSH
- Diet MeSH
- Deafness psychology rehabilitation MeSH
- Curriculum MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Correction of Hearing Impairment MeSH
- Persons with Hearing Disabilities psychology MeSH
- Students MeSH
- Physical Education and Training MeSH
- Education of Persons with Hearing Disabilities MeSH
- Health Behavior MeSH
- Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MeSH
- Health Education MeSH
- Life Style MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- United States MeSH
... Sexual development, activities and education 100 -- 1. ... ... Love, dating and sexual activities 104 -- 5. ... ... Extracurricular activities, importance of socially relevant activities 150 -- VIII. ... ... Extracurricular learning and life experience 171 -- 12. Shaping of consciousness 174 -- 13IX. ... ... Realization and development of the will in leasure activities 235 -- 6. ...
273 s. : il.
Zdroje poznatků o mládeži; Teoretická východiska a principy; Celková charakteristika pubertálního a adolescentního období; Biologická a fyziologická podmíněnost vývojových změn a jejich prožívání; a další hlavní kapitoly.
- NML Fields
- tělovýchovné lékařství
The authors reviewed published data dealing with the effectiveness of school programs in tobacco control. Most of the evaluated school programs showed at least partial effect including namely improved knowledge level, decreased prevalence of smoking initiation and continuation. Less successful was achieving of behavioural changes and social resistance. Effect of the school programs can be significantly amplified by combination with other interventions such as mass media campaigns, parent involvement and extracurricular activities. The main problem of the studies in this field is a relatively short follow-up time not allowing considering findings as relevant evidences for long-term effects of school programs. However, even assuming only time limited decrease of prevalence of smoking among intervened students, such temporary effect leads to the decrease of a lifetime cigarette exposure having beneficial health effects. Considering social, demographic and cultural aspects of the epidemiology of smoking habit, evidence based data in this field, relevant for Central and Eastern Countries, are required. Such situation calls for authentic trials and studies respecting specific conditions in these countries.
- MeSH
- Behavior Control MeSH
- Smoking MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Primary Prevention MeSH
- National Health Programs MeSH
- Schools MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Publication type
- Evaluation Study MeSH
The aim of study is to expand the knowledge of motives of Slovak high school students to participate in sports (at school but also in extracurricular activities after school) and identify the differences between boys and girls in adolescent age. The research group consisted of 318 high school students (boys: n = 154, 16.77 ± 1.01 years old and girls: n = 164, 16.54 ± 1.14 years old) from various areas of Slovakia. The questionnaire Exercise Motivations Inventory was used as the research tool. The questionnaire contains 54 items to which the respondent answers on the Likert scale. Kolmogor-Smirnov’s test did not confirm the normality of the research group’s data. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate the significance of the differences in motives between girls and boys. For effect size was calculated coefficient r. The most important motive to participate in sport for boys is motive to gain strength and endurance and for girls is motive positive health. We can see significant differences in motives to participate in sports between girls and boys, where boys have higher score in motives affiliation (p = 0.001, r = 0.18), appearance (p = 0.012, r = 0.14), social pressure (p = 0.006, r = 0.15), social recognition (0.001, r = 0.29) and strength and endurance (p = 0.001, r = 0.23). Significantly higher score girls have in motive weight management (p = 0,009, r = 0.15). Our results can help teachers of physical education, trainers, sport educators and parents to plan thematic units, sport activities, which are of interest and attractive in age of adolescence.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Motivation * MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Sex Distribution MeSH
- Schools MeSH
- Sports * psychology MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Students psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Slovakia MeSH
Cieľom príspevku bolo zistiť účinnosť taktického a technického didaktického na herný výkon v minihádzanej. Výskum sme realizovali v dvoch minihádzanárskych krúžkoch, ktoré navštevovali deti 1. a 2. ročníka základných škôl. Počas 10-týždňov sme v experimentálnej skupine (n=16) pri nácviku a zdokonaľovaní herných činností jednotlivca aplikovali taktický prístup s využívaním malých foriem hier, v kontrolnom súbore (n=30) sme postupovali tradičným prístupom s využívaním prípravných cvičení a prípravných hier. Na overenie účinnosti oboch didaktických prístupov sme na základe pozorovania videozáznamov z hry pomocou metódy GPAI zaznamenávali: realizáciu herných zručností (streľba, prihrávka – presná, nepresná), rozhodovanie sa hráča s loptou (rozhodovanie o streľbe, o prihrávke, o vedení lopty (vhodné, nevhodné). Rozdiely medzi vstupným a výstupným testovaním sme vyhodnocovali Wilcoxonovým T-testom pre nezávislé výbery. Rozdiely medzi experimentálnou a kontrolnou skupinou boli testované Mann-Whitneyovým U-testom na hladine významnosti 0,05. Výsledky výskumu potvrdili, že z hľadiska využitia správneho výberu možnosti riešenia vzniknutej hernej situácie je taktický prístup efektívnejší ako technický (p<0,05).
The purpose of the study was to compare effects of tactical and technical approach to teaching minihandball on development of game performance. The experiment was conducted during mini-handball extracurricular activities of first and second year pupils for 10 weeks. The experimental group (n=16) was taught by the tactical approach where small-sided games were applied to teach game skills whereas the control group (n=20) was taught by the technical approach with drill exercises in particular. GPAI method: gaming skills (shooting, passing - precise, imprecise), deciding the player with the ball (deciding on shooting, pass on keeping the ball (appropriate, inappropriate) were used to evaluate the effects of both approaches. Wilcoxon’s T-test and Mann-Whitney’s U-test were used to evaluate the data statistically and the level of significance was set on 5%. The results showed that the tactical approach has is more effective than technical (p <0.05).
