BACKGROUND: Regular evaluation of foot posture should be performed to determine whether foot-level interventions are necessary because changes in foot posture may contribute to lower-limb overuse injuries. This pilot study aims to test the level of pronation in judokas. METHODS: A total of 61 judokas from Slovakia and the Czech Republic participated in the study, including 36 members of the youth team. Based on sex, the sample was composed of 42 males and 19 females with a mean ± SD age of 16.82 ± 2.41 years. Pronation was measured by the navicular drop test on the foot. RESULTS: According to the data, the mean ± SD pronation in males was 0.86 ± 0.34 cm on the right foot and 0.89 ± 0.34 cm on the left foot. The mean ± SD navicular drop measurement for the right foot was 0.874 ± 0.20 cm and 0.878 ± 0.23 for the left foot. No correlation between pronation and age (r = 0.29), height (r = 0.04), body mass index (r = 0.02), or years of judo training (r = 0.22) was found. CONCLUSIONS: This study of judoka pronation values is the first of its kind, providing novel insights into the biomechanics of judo athletes. The findings indicate that sex and age do not significantly influence pronation, suggesting that training and technique may play a more critical role in movement patterns.

• MeSH
• Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
• Martial Arts * physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Foot * physiology   MeSH
• Pilot Projects MeSH
• Pronation * physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH
• Slovakia MeSH

Východiska: Rakovina prsu představuje v České republice nejčastěji se vyskytující maligní onemocnění u ženské populace. V důsledku zvyšující se incidence a stagnující až klesající mortality přibývá počet žen, které překonaly toto onemocnění a musí se vypořádat s nežádoucími vedlejšími účinky onkologické léčby. Jednou z možných nemedikamentózních intervencí, s cílem ovlivnit tyto negativní dopady, je pohybová aktivita. Materiál a metody: Hlavním cílem předkládané studie bylo posoudit vliv 12týdenního intervenčního pohybového programu na vybrané parametry, konkrétně na fyzickou zdatnost, hustotu kostní tkáně a kvalitu života u pacientek po ukončené kurativní léčbě rakoviny prsu. Dílčím cílem bylo vyhodnotit míru adherence k navrhovanému pohybovému programu. Do výzkumu bylo zařazeno 33 žen, které byly nerandomizovaným způsobem rozděleny do tří skupin – skupina SAPA podstupující řízené supervizované cvičení, skupina HAPA absolvující řízený domácí pohybový program a kontrolní skupina bez řízeného pohybového programu. Výsledky: Vstupní měření absolvovalo 28 žen (55,18 ± 11,46 roku, 165,32 ± 6,22 cm, 75,21 ± 15,93 kg, BMI 27,61 ± 5,78). VO2peak se zvýšilo u skupiny SAPA o 1,66 %, u skupiny HAPA o 1,29 %, zatímco u kontrolní skupiny došlo k poklesu o 15,10 % (p = 0,043; d = 0,908; common language effect size (CLES) = 73,97 %). Kostní hustota se v průměru nejvíce snížila u kontrolní skupiny (− 1,1 %; p = 0,028; d = 0,956, CLES = 75,05 %). Dotazníky kvality života nezaznamenaly statistický ani věcně významný výsledek. Průměrná adherence u skupiny SAPA byla 74,59 %, u skupiny HAPA 74,79 %. Závěr: Naše výsledky naznačují pozitivní přínos pohybového programu na fyzickou zdatnost a hustotu kostí bez rozdílu, zda se jednalo o supervizované nebo domácí cvičení. Naopak nemůžeme jednoznačně potvrdit přínos našeho pohybového programu na kvalitu života přeživších pacientek s rakovinou prsu. Adherence k programu byla průměrná u obou skupin.

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring malignant disease in the female population in the Czech Republic. As a result of the increasing incidence and stagnant to decreasing mortality, the number of women who have overcome this disease and have to deal with the unwanted side effects of oncological treatment is increasing. One of the possible non-drug interventions to influence these negative effects is physical activity. Materials and methods: The main aim of the presented study was to assess the effect of a twelve-week interventional exercise program on selected parameters, specifically on physical fitness, bone tissue density and quality of life, in patients after completion of curative treatment for breast cancer. A partial goal was to evaluate the degree of adherence to the proposed exercise program. Thirty-three women were included in the research, and they were divided into three groups in a non-randomized way – the SAPA group undergoing controlled supervised exercise, the HAPA group completing a controlled home exercise program and a control group without a controlled exercise program. Results: Twenty-eight women completed the initial measurement (55.18 ± 11.46 years, 165.32 ± 6.22 cm, 75.21 ± 15.93 kg, BMI 27.61 ± 5,78). VO2peak increased by 1.66% in the SAPA group, by 1.29% in the HAPA group, and decreased by 15.10% in the control group (P = 0.043; d = 0.908; CLES = 73.97%). On average, bone density decreased most in the control group (−1.1%; P = 0.028; d = 0.956, CLES = 75.05%). The quality of life questionnaires did not record a statistically or objectively significant result. Average adherence in the SAPA group was 74.59%, and in the HAPA group, 74.79%. Conclusion: Our results indicate a positive benefit of an exercise program on physical fitness and bone density, whether for supervised or home exercise. On the contrary, we cannot unequivocally confirm the benefit of our exercise program on the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. The adherence to the program was average for both groups.

• MeSH
• Treatment Adherence and Compliance statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Bone Density MeSH
• Quality of Life MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Breast Neoplasms * diagnosis   therapy   MeSH
• Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
• Cancer Survivors psychology   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Physical Fitness psychology   MeSH
• Exercise Therapy * methods   psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To examine concussion experiences and knowledge among top-level youth karate athletes. METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected data during the 12th World Karate Championships for cadets, juniors and under-21 athletes (held in Konya, Turkey, 2022). All 1414 registered athletes from 95 countries were invited to complete a 16-item paper-based questionnaire assessing demographic data, concussion history and concussion knowledge prior to the competing at the tournament. χ2 and Fisher's exact tests were used to analyse differences by sex, age group and continental karate federation. RESULTS: A total of 654 athletes (46.3% response rate), including 286 (43.7%) females and 368 (56.3%) males, participated in the study, with 29.9% reporting one or more concussions during participation in karate training or competition. Older age groups (under 21 years) reported significantly higher concussion rates than younger athletes (56.9% vs 31.1% juniors and 24.7% cadets; p<0.001). Concussion knowledge revealed considerable gaps, with only 24.5% of athletes correctly identifying a concussion and 68.9% believing loss of consciousness was required for a concussion diagnosis. Misconceptions varied significantly across geographical regions, with Asian and African athletes demonstrating the greatest need for targeted education. Female athletes demonstrated better concussion reporting attitudes than males (60.4% vs 48.9%, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the prevalence of concussions and significant knowledge gaps among top-level youth karate athletes, emphasising the need for tailored educational interventions to improve concussion recognition and management within the karate community.

• MeSH
• Martial Arts * injuries   MeSH
• Brain Concussion * epidemiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Athletes * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Athletic Injuries * epidemiology   MeSH
• Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

This study examines the challenges vulnerable populations in Albania face in accessing healthcare, focusing on structural, access-related, and socio-cultural barriers. Using a qualitative approach, it involved 13 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 118 participants from diverse backgrounds, including individuals with disabilities and members of the Roma and Egyptian communities. Data were collected between 2019 and 2020 as part of the "Health Vulnerability Study in Albania", commissioned by the "Health for All Project" (HAP) and approved by the Albanian Committee of Medical Ethics. Oral consent was obtained, and discussions were recorded to explore participants' experiences and perspectives in-depth. Key findings highlight limited healthcare infrastructure, negative perceptions of the health insurance system, and discrimination, which erode trust in healthcare providers. Vulnerable groups included socio-economically disadvantaged individuals, older adults, the LGBT community, and women facing domestic violence or unemployment. The study calls for reforms in healthcare infrastructure, health insurance, and cultural competence training for providers to address disparities.

• MeSH
• Health Services Accessibility * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Sexual and Gender Minorities MeSH
• Social Discrimination statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Quality Assurance, Health Care methods   MeSH
• Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation MeSH
• Vulnerable Populations * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Clinical Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Albania MeSH

BACKGROUND: Maintaining healthy brain function during ageing is of great importance, especially for the self-sufficiency of older adults. The main aim of this study was to determine the effects of dance and martial arts on exerkines Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and irisin blood serum levels. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of dance and martial arts on serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and irisin levels, as well as cognitive function, mood, and physical measures in older adults. Seventy-seven independently living older adults (mean age 70.3±3.8 years) were randomized into three groups: dance (DG), martial arts (MaG), and control (CG), followed over 12 weeks. Generalized linear models were used to assess the interventions' effects. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in BDNF levels in both the DG (1.8 ± 4.9, p < 0.05) and MaG (3.5 ± 6.3, p < 0.05), while CG experienced a decrease (-4.9 ± 8.2, p < 0.05). Between-group effects were significant for BDNF, with DG and MaG showing higher levels than CG (p < 0.05). No significant changes in irisin levels were found. Cognitive performance, particularly attention and mental flexibility (measured by the Trail Making Test A and B), significantly improved in the DG compared to CG (p < 0.05). Additionally, participants in DG showed improved mood based on the Geriatric Depression Scale (p < 0.05) compared to CG. Anthropometric T-scores were significantly associated with changes in irisin levels (p < 0.05) after intervention. CONCLUSION: The study found that dance and martial arts upregulated BDNF levels, with dance showing notable improvements in cognitive function and mood in older adults. Changes in anthropometric measures were linked to increased irisin levels. These findings suggest that both dance and martial arts may promote healthy brain function in aging populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05363228.

• MeSH
• Affect MeSH
• Martial Arts * physiology   MeSH
• Fibronectins * blood   MeSH
• Cognition * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor * blood   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Dancing * physiology   MeSH
• Physical Fitness * physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

V domácí literatuře ojedinělá, podrobně a komplexně pojatá publikace na téma infekčních nemocí dolních cest dýchacích, plic a pohrudnice. Tyto choroby patří k vůbec nejčastějším zdravotním problémům.; Kniha detailně pojednává o infekčních nemocech dolních cest dýchacích od trachey po terminální bronchioly, plicního parenchym a oblasti pohrudnice a pohrudniční dutiny.Kniha přináší komplexní až „holistický“ pohled na tato infekční onemocnění, respektive na takto nemocného člověka. Diagnostika a léčba těchto chorob jsou primárně v rukou pneumologů, ale jak ukazuje i rozsáhlý kolektiv autorů této publikace, je v řadě případů nutná multioborová spolupráce v péči o nemocné. Pozornost je zaměřena nejen na tradiční diagnostický a léčebný koncept, ale důstojné místo je věnováno i rehabilitaci, psychologické podpoře a ošetřovatelské péči v rámci celostního pohledu na nemocného.

• Keywords
• Ostatní lékařské obory,
• MeSH
• Bronchial Diseases MeSH
• Respiratory Tract Infections MeSH
• Pleural Diseases MeSH
• Tracheal Diseases MeSH
• Lung Diseases MeSH

• NML Fields
• pneumologie a ftizeologie

Warming up is a generally accepted practice that leads to improved performance and reduces the risk of injury in a wide range of sports. However, the evidence about the influence of warm-up in combat sports is limited and, specifically, little is known about the impact which delays between a warm-up and the start of a match may have on fighters' performance. This study investigates the influence of warm-up and cool-down on one of significant performance predictors in full-contact combat sports, the peak force of a rear hand strike, in a sample of 31 athletes.Peak impact force was measured before, after, and at two time points after a standardized warm-up routine; skin temperature and heart rate were also monitored. Warm-up and cool-down periods were substantial predictors of body temperature and heart rate, but we observed no effect of the warm-up routine on strike impact force. Strike impact force remained unaffected even after the cool-down intervals.Strike impact force does not seem to respond to physiological changes elicited by a warm-up. This measure is partly related only to fighters' physical characteristics, namely the body weight. Athletes and trainers could thus concentrate on other aspects of successful performance during warm-up routines.

• MeSH
• Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
• Martial Arts physiology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Hand physiology   MeSH
• Athletic Performance physiology   MeSH
• Heart Rate * physiology   MeSH
• Body Temperature physiology   MeSH
• Skin Temperature * physiology   MeSH
• Warm-Up Exercise * physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Publikace se zaměřuje na různé infekční nemoci dolních cest dýchacích. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.; Kniha detailně pojednává o infekčních nemocech dolních cest dýchacích od trachey po terminální bronchioly, plicního parenchym a oblasti pohrudnice a pohrudniční dutiny.Kniha přináší komplexní až „holistický“ pohled na tato infekční onemocnění, respektive na takto nemocného člověka. Diagnostika a léčba těchto chorob jsou primárně v rukou pneumologů, ale jak ukazuje i rozsáhlý kolektiv autorů této publikace, je v řadě případů nutná multioborová spolupráce v péči o nemocné. Pozornost je zaměřena nejen na tradiční diagnostický a léčebný koncept, ale důstojné místo je věnováno i rehabilitaci, psychologické podpoře a ošetřovatelské péči v rámci celostního pohledu na nemocného.

• MeSH
• Bronchial Diseases MeSH
• Respiratory Tract Infections MeSH
• Pleural Diseases MeSH
• Tracheal Diseases MeSH
• Lung Diseases MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• pneumologie a ftizeologie
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

Publikácia, ktorá sa zameriava na biokompatibilné kostné cementy vyrobené z fosforečnanu vápenatého a používané v liečbe defektov kostí a chrupavky. Určené odbornej verejnosti.

• MeSH
• Biocompatible Materials MeSH
• Calcium Phosphates MeSH
• Bone Cements MeSH
• Cartilage Diseases MeSH
• Bone Diseases MeSH
• Bone Regeneration MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• biomedicínské inženýrství
• technika lékařská, zdravotnický materiál a protetika
• ortopedie
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

The impact of bacterial pneumonia on patients with COVID-19 infection remains unclear. This prospective observational monocentric cohort study aims to determine the incidence of bacterial community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia (CAP and HAP) and its effect on mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at University Hospital Olomouc between 1 November 2020 and 31 December 2022. The secondary objectives of this study include identifying the bacterial etiology of CAP and HAP and exploring the capabilities of diagnostic tools, with a focus on inflammatory biomarkers. Data were collected from the electronic information hospital system, encompassing biomarkers, microbiological findings, and daily visit records, and subsequently evaluated by ICU physicians and clinical microbiologists. Out of 171 patients suffering from critical COVID-19, 46 (27%) had CAP, while 78 (46%) developed HAP. Critically ill COVID-19 patients who experienced bacterial CAP and HAP exhibited higher mortality compared to COVID-19 patients without any bacterial infection, with rates of 38% and 56% versus 11%, respectively. In CAP, the most frequent causative agents were chlamydophila and mycoplasma; Enterobacterales, which were multidrug-resistant in 71% of cases; Gram-negative non-fermenting rods; and Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, no strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were detected, and only a single strain each of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis was isolated. The most frequent etiologic agents causing HAP were Enterobacterales and Gram-negative non-fermenting rods. Based on the presented results, commonly used biochemical markers demonstrated poor predictive and diagnostic accuracy. To confirm the diagnosis of bacterial CAP in our patient cohort, it was necessary to assess the initial values of inflammatory markers (particularly procalcitonin), consider clinical signs indicative of bacterial infection, and/or rely on positive microbiological findings. For HAP diagnostics, it was appropriate to conduct regular detailed clinical examinations (with a focus on evaluating respiratory functions) and closely monitor the dynamics of inflammatory markers (preferably Interleukin-6).

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH