Helminths and bacteria are major players in the mammalian gut ecosystem and each influences the host immune system and health. Declines in helminth prevalence and bacterial diversity appear to play a role in the dramatic rise of immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) in western populations. Helminths are potent modulators of immune system and their reintroduction is a promising therapeutic avenue for IMIDs. However, the introduction of helminths represents a disturbance for the host and it is important to understand the impact of helminth reintroduction on the host, including the immune system and gut microbiome. We tested the impact of a benign tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, in a rat model system. We find that H. diminuta infection results in increased interleukin 10 gene expression in the beginning of the prepatent period, consistent with induction of a type 2 immune response. We also find induction of humoral immunity during the patent period, shown here by increased IgA in feces. Further, we see an immuno-modulatory effect in the small intestine and spleen in patent period, as measured by reductions in tissue immune cells. We observed shifts in microbiota community composition during the patent period (beta-diversity) in response to H. diminuta infection. However, these compositional changes appear to be minor; they occur within families and genera common to both treatment groups. There was no change in alpha diversity. Hymenolepis diminuta is a promising model for helminth therapy because it establishes long-term, stable colonization in rats and modulates the immune system without causing bacterial dysbiosis. These results suggest that the goal of engineering a therapeutic helminth that can safely manipulate the mammalian immune system without disrupting the rest of the gut ecosystem is in reach.

• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• feces chemie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• Hymenolepis diminuta imunologie   MeSH
• imunitní systém * MeSH
• imunoglobulin A analýza   imunologie   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita imunologie   MeSH
• interleukin-10 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• regulace genové exprese imunologie   MeSH
• slezina imunologie   MeSH
• střeva mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The beneficial use of fly larvae in healing chronic infected wounds has been known since ancient times, but reintroduction of standard, routine maggot therapy in clinical practice at hundreds of hospitals around the world dates back only to the 1990s. The application of Lucilia sericata larvae into infected wound results in removal of necrotic tissue, elimination of infecting microorganisms, disinfection of the wound, and stimulation of wound granulation and repair. Many researchers have focused on the study of antimicrobial compounds secreted/excreted by maggots to the wound. The antimicrobial peptide of larval immune system named lucifensin secreted/excreted to the wound was for the first time identified by scientists of the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Discovery of lucifensin contributes to the understanding of healing principles of larval therapy.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky MeSH
• helmintoterapie MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• kationické antimikrobiální peptidy * MeSH
• larva * metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Establishing a health screening protocol is fundamental for successful captive breeding and release of wildlife. The aim of this study was to undertake a parasitological survey focusing on the presence of trypanosomes in a cohort of Regent Honeyeaters, Anthochaera phrygia, syn. Xanthomyza phrygia (Aves: Passeriformes) that are part of the breeding and reintroduction programme carried out in Australia. We describe a new blood parasite, Trypanosoma thomasbancrofti sp. n. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) with prevalence of 24·4% (20/81) in a captive population in 2015. The sequence of the small subunit rRNA gene (SSU rDNA) and kinetoplast ultrastructure of T. thomasbancrofti sp. n. are the key differentiating characteristics from other Trypanosoma spp. T. thomasbancrofti sp. n. is distinct from Trypanosoma cf. avium found in sympatric Noisy Miners (Manorina melanocephala). The SSU rDNA comparison suggests an intercontinental distribution of T. thomasbancrofti sp. n. and Culex mosquitoes as a suspected vector. Currently, no information exists on the effect of T. thomasbancrofti sp. n. on its hosts; however, all trypanosome-positive birds remain clinically healthy. This information is useful in establishing baseline health data and screening protocols, particularly prior to release to the wild.

• MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• nemoci ptáků parazitologie   MeSH
• Passeriformes parazitologie   MeSH
• protozoální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA veterinární   MeSH
• Trypanosoma genetika   izolace a purifikace   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Austrálie MeSH

Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Dublin, Choleraesuis or Gallinarum can colonise liver and spleen in particular hosts while infections with serovars Infantis, Agona, Hadar, etc. are usually limited to gastrointestinal tract. Reasons for this behavior are unknown, although it has been shown that sodCI and spv genes exhibit a strict distribution between more and less virulent serovars and they influence Salmonella virulence. However to what extent the presence or absence of these genes is associated with the increased virulence of serovars which possess them has never been addressed experimentally. In this study we therefore first confirmed the exclusive association of spvB and sodCI genes with the former group of serovars. In the next step we removed these two genes from S. Enteritidis genome and compared the virulence of such a mutant with the virulence of S. Infantis, S. Agona and S. Hadar for chickens and highly sensitive Balb/C mice. Single strain infection showed that the deletion of these two genes from S. Enteritidis resulted in the reduction of its virulence for mice but not for chickens. Mixed infection further confirmed these observations and indicated that in mice but not in chickens the virulence of sodCI and spv mutant was reduced to the natural virulence of serovars Infantis, Agona and Hadar. Although sodCI and spv genes do not influence S. Enteritidis virulence for chickens directly, they may be of an indirect effect through the increased persistence of S. Enteritidis in mice and increased probability of the reintroduction of S. Enteritidis into poultry flocks.

• MeSH
• ADP-ribosatransferasy genetika   MeSH
• bakteriální adheze genetika   MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• delece genu MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   MeSH
• kur domácí MeSH
• lyasy štěpící vazby C-O genetika   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nemoci drůbeže mikrobiologie   MeSH
• proteiny fimbrií genetika   MeSH
• Salmonella enteritidis genetika   patogenita   MeSH
• Salmonella genetika   patogenita   MeSH
• salmonelová infekce u zvířat mikrobiologie   MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• antituberkulotika farmakologie   MeSH
• multirezistentní tuberkulóza MeSH
• plicní tuberkulóza diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• pneumologie a ftizeologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO