In a recent issue of Zootaxa, Kovalev et al. (2019) reported the description of a new drilid genus Drilorhinus Kovalev, Kirejtshuk et Shapovalov, 2019 and they discuss at length the relationships and systematic classification of the drilid lineage. Although they did not formally propose a new status for Drilidae Blanchard, 1845 [not Lacordaire, 1857, as cited in their study] in the sense of the Code (ICZN 1999), they in fact resurrected the traditional concept of Drilidae as a separate 'cantharoid' family and rejected Drilini in Elateridae: Agrypninae of Kundrata Bocak (2011). The authors strongly defended the historical classification of the genera Selasia Laporte, 1838, Malacogaster Bassi, 1834, Drilus Olivier, 1790, Drilorhinus, and putatively also their relatives (Kundrata et al. 2017), as a separate 'cantharoid' family in the sense proposed in 19th century and held until recently by some traditional morphologists (Blanchard 1845; Crowson 1955, 1972; Lawrence Newton 1982, 1995; Branham Wenzel 2003; Lawrence et al. 2011; Kazantsev 2013; Lawrence Ślipiński 2013; Lawrence 2016). Although no new data were presented or methodological flaws of earlier analyses identified by Kovalev et al., the authors argued that the present evidence is insufficient for the placement of the Drilini in Elateridae, Agrypninae. Unfortunately, they did not take into account recent molecular analyses suggesting multiple origins of soft-bodied elateroid families, i.e., the polyphyly of the historical cantharoid group of families, and the relationships of drilids and agrypnine click beetles (Bocakova et al. 2007; Hunt et al., 2007; Timmermans et al. 2010, 2016; Kundrata et al. 2014; McKenna et al. 2015; Bocak et al. 2016; Kusy et al. 2018a, b; Linard et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2018). They only discussed a single molecular analysis by Kundrata Bocak (2011).

• MeSH
• brouci * MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Mimicry is a hot spot of evolutionary research, but de novo origins of aposematic patterns, the persistence of multiple patterns in Müllerian communities, and the persistence of imperfect mimics still need to be investigated. Local mimetic assemblages can contain up to a hundred of species, their structure can be a result of multiple dispersal events, and the gradual build-up of the communities. Here, we investigate the structure of lowland and mountain mimetic communities of net-winged beetles by sampling the Crocker Range in north-eastern Borneo and neighbouring regions. The local endemics evolved from the Bornean lowland fauna which is highly endemic at the species level. We inferred that metriorrhynchine net-winged beetles evolved in high elevations yellow/black and reticulate aposematic high-contrast signals from a widespread low-contrast brown/black pattern. As the mountain range is ~ 6 million years old, and these patterns do not occur elsewhere, we assume their in situ origins. We demonstrate that a signal with increased internal contrast can evolve de novo in a mimetic community and can persist despite its low frequency. Additionally, a similar aposematic signal evolves from different structures and its similarity is imperfect. The community with multiple patterns sets conditions for the evolution of aposematic sexual dimorphism as demonstrated by the yellow/black male and reticulate female pattern of Micronychus pardus. These insights elucidate the complex character of the evolution of mimetic signalling in the dynamically diversifying biota of high tropical mountains.

• MeSH
• barva MeSH
• biologická evoluce * MeSH
• brouci anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• křídla zvířecí anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• mimikry * MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Borneo MeSH

Plastoceridae Crowson, 1972, Drilidae Blanchard, 1845 and Omalisidae Lacordaire, 1857 (Elateroidea) are families of the Coleoptera with obscure phylogenetic relationships and modified morphology showing neotenic traits such as soft bodies, reduced wing cases and larviform females. We shotgun sequenced genomes of Plastocerus, Drilus and Omalisus and incorporated them into data matrices of 66 and 4202 single-copy nuclear genes representing Elateroidea. Phylogenetic analyses indicate their terminal positions within the broadly defined well-sclerotized and fully metamorphosed Elateridae and thus Omalisidae should now be considered as Omalisinae stat. nov. in Elateridae Leach, 1815. The results support multiple independent origins of incomplete metamorphosis in Elateridae and indicate the parallel evolution of morphological and ecological traits. Unlike other neotenic elateroids derived from the supposedly pre-adapted aposematically coloured and unpalatable soft-bodied elateroids, such as fireflies (Lampyridae) and net-winged beetles (Lycidae), omalisids and drilids evolved from well-sclerotized click beetles. These findings suggest sudden morphological shifts through incomplete metamorphosis, with important implications for macroevolution, including reduced speciation rate and high extinction risk in unstable habitats. Precise phylogenetic placement is necessary for studies of the molecular mechanisms of ontogenetic shifts leading to profoundly changed morphology.

• MeSH
• anotace sekvence MeSH
• brouci klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom hmyzu * MeSH
• hmyzí proteiny genetika   MeSH
• křídla zvířecí anatomie a histologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH