V Evropě i v České republice dnes významné a komplexní téma stárnutí společnosti má již kromě ekonomických také mnohem širší sociální souvislosti. Jedním z nejvýraznějších aspektů moderních stárnoucích společností, a tedy i České republiky, je problém věkové diskriminace – ageismu. Ageismus se stává po rasismu a sexismu hlavním tématem v diskusi o rovnosti práv a příležitostí. Tato nová forma systematické stereotypizace a diskriminace jedinců kvůli jejich, obvykle vyššímu věku nabývá řady forem a je specifická tím, že kdokoliv může být její potenciální obětí, neboť každý člověk stárne od dne svého narození. To dává zkoumání ageismu a sociální exkluze z důvodu věku dnes v Evropě nesmírnou důležitost. Je to proto, že ageismus jako komplex většinou negativních sociálních konstruktů spojených s vyšším věkem se objevuje stále častěji. Je evidentní, že vzbuzují negativní dopady na individuální, rodinné a společenské rovině, brání inkluzi starších občanů do všech sfér života společnosti. Bylo by vhodné eliminovat praktiky ageismu a dovolit seniorům realizovat jejich skutečný potenciál ve všech oblastech života. Jednou z cest, jak toho dosáhnout, je vědecký výzkum ageismu a diseminace poznatků, integrací různých disciplín se vztahem ke stárnutí, rozvojem národních, a především mezinárodních výzkumů, spolupráce v této oblasti s politiky, občanskou společností, neziskovými organizacemi, a zejména samotnými seniory. Stojíme tváří v tvář nové výzvě stárnoucího obyvatelstva Evropy. Nabízí se tedy podpora subjektů, které přijdou s inovativním řešením tohoto problému a které ho budou umět využít jako příležitost. Odpovídajícím způsobem zareagují na potřeby starších osob a umožní tak, aby se aktivní stáří stalo realitou – aby si starší lidé udrželi zdraví, nezávislost, aktivně se zapojovali do společnosti, protože i oni mají co předávat.

Ageism (i. e., the complex and often negative social construction of old age) is highly prevalent. There is unequivocal evidence concerning the negative consequences associated with ageism at the individual, familial, and societal levels. Faced with the challenges of an ageing population, we would like to encourage innovative solutions that transform this challenge into an opportunity by responding to the needs of older Europeans and making active ageing a reality, keeping older people healthy, independent, socially engaged and fulfilled as valued contributors to society. The European Union would like to launch this activity to tackle ageing-related issues, and thereby improve the well-being of the elderly, including high quality of life, fulfilment and social activities. The long term goal of this action is to challenge the practice of ageism and allow older people to realize their full potential. This will be achieved by enhancing scientific knowledge and attention to ageism, by bringing together and integrating the different disciplines of research, by developing national, multi-national and international collaborations with public policy officials, non-academic professionals, civil society NGOs and older persons, and by fostering a new generation of researchers. Expected deliverables include: a) the creation of a web-site; b) a depository database of scientific measures and evidence based interventions that target ageism; c) the facilitation of scientific Training Schools, Short Term Scientific Missions and conferences; and d) the dissemination of collaborative working papers, scientific reports, proceedings, academic publications, policy and recommendation papers and an edited book on ageism. In light of the changing demographics, the high prevalence of ageism, its complex social roots, broad consequences, and the limited research on the topic, this action is timely and has both practical and scientific significance.

• MeSH
• chudoba MeSH
• diskriminace na základě věku * MeSH
• doprava MeSH
• důchod ekonomika   psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sociální diskriminace MeSH
• sociální izolace * MeSH
• sociální percepce MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• statistika přirozeného pohybu MeSH
• veřejné mínění MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH

Reakčno- rýchlostné schopnosti ovplyvňujú výkon športovcov v mnohých oblastiach. Testovaniu reakčných a reakčno-rýchlostných schopností po zaťažení sa venovalo niekoľko autorov. Zistili, že po kratšom zaťažení sa skrátil reakčný čas, ale po dlhodobom sa výrazne predĺžil. Iní autori zistili, že po primeranom aeróbnom zaťažení stúpa úroveň prejavu rýchlostnoreakčných schopností, ale začne klesať po prekročení aeróbneho prahu. V našom výskume sme testovali športovcov pred a po dlhodobom aeróbnom zaťažení na bicykli, v kanoe a kajaku. Použili sme test disjunktívnych rýchlostno-reakčných schopností s použitím zariadenia FiTRO Agility check. Predpokladali sme, že únava svalov a nervového systému spôsobí zhoršenie disjunktívnych reakčno-rýchlostných schopností najmä po zaťažení svalových skupín, ktoré sú najviac zapájané pri testovaní. Počas 2 dňového testovania disjunktívnych reakčno-rýchlostných schopností sme zistili, že napriek dlhotrvajúcemu aeróbnemu zaťaženiu sa u probandov neprejavil pokles úrovne týchto schopností, ale naopak mierne zlepšenie. Zaťaženie, ktoré je priamo zamerané na svalové skupiny, ktoré sa rozhodujúcou mierou podieľali na výkone v teste, ovplyvnilo disjunktívne reakčno-rýchlostné schopnosti do väčšej mieri ako zaťaženie orientované na iné svalové skupiny. Zaťaženie, ktoré zapája väčší počet svalov a väčšie svaly /spôsobuje väčšiu únavu/ viac ovplyvnilo úroveň disjunktívnych reakčno-rýchlostných schopností.

Multi choice reaction abilities limit sport performance in various sports. There are several authors who tested reaction after load. As they found after a short load reaction time dropped, however, a long time load resulted in reaction time increase. According to other sport researches revealed that an adequate aerobic load enhances a manifestation of multi-choice reaction. On the contrary the multi-choice reaction gets worse after an aerobic threshold is reached and passed over. In the research athletes were tested before and after long-term aerobic load on bike, in canoe and kayak. We exploited a multi-choice reaction test with the FiTRO agility check device. We assumed that nerve system and muscles fatigue would lead to a decrease of multi-choice reaction ability level particularly after load orientated on muscles active during the test. Within 2 days test we found out that despite long term aerobic load the tested athletes did not show any drop of reaction but even slight improvement. A load affecting muscle groups that are active during the test influenced the reaction to greater extent. A load that affects more and bigger muscle groups influenced the multi-choice reaction to greater extent.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nervosvalové spojení fyziologie   MeSH
• sporty fyziologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• studenti statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• tělesná výchova metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost fyziologie   MeSH
• univerzity MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH

This study assessed the effect of metal pollution in the Lambro Creek (Southern Italy). Water, sediment and biota were collected at six sampling sites (June) for metal concentration assessment (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn). Sequential extraction was performed to determine the distribution of metals in different geochemical sediment fractions. The influence of pH and leaching time on the release of metals from sediment to the water column was investigated via remobilization tests. A battery of toxicity tests (Vibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Daphnia magna) with multi-endpoints (bioluminescence, growth inhibition, and immobilization) was used to determine the overall toxicity in sediment water extracts. The results showed that metals did not exceed the probable effect concentration levels, with Cr concentration exceeding the threshold effect concentration level at all sampling points except for the one closer to the source of the creek, suggesting potential negative effect on the biota. Considering the cumulative criterion unit, sediment contamination was moderate at all sampling sites, except for L3 and L5 where biota was exposed to a very high risk. With respect to sequential analysis, the most readily available fraction of metal can be generalised as Ni > Cr > Cu > Zn > Pb. For better understanding the fate of metals in the water-sediment environment, their biogeochemical cycles should also be investigated in small creeks including both fresh (watercourse) and saltwater (river mouth) sediments.

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• geologické sedimenty chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• řeky chemie   MeSH
• těžké kovy analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• vodní organismy účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Use of wearable ECG devices for arrhythmia screening is limited due to poor signal quality, small number of leads and short records, leading to incorrect recognition of pathological events. This paper introduces a novel approach to classification (normal/'N', atrial fibrillation/'A', other/'O', and noisy/'P') of short single-lead ECGs recorded by wearable devices. APPROACH: Various rhythm and morphology features are derived from the separate beats ('local' features) as well as the entire ECGs ('global' features) to represent short-term events and general trends respectively. Various types of atrial and ventricular activity, heart beats and, finally, ECG records are then recognised by a multi-level approach combining a support vector machine (SVM), decision tree and threshold-based rules. MAIN RESULTS: The proposed features are suitable for the recognition of 'A'. The method is robust due to the noise estimation involved. A combination of radial and linear SVMs ensures both high predictive performance and effective generalisation. Cost-sensitive learning, genetic algorithm feature selection and thresholding improve overall performance. The generalisation ability and reliability of this approach are high, as verified by cross-validation on a training set and by blind testing, with only a slight decrease of overall F1-measure, from 0.84 on training to 0.81 on the tested dataset. 'O' recognition seems to be the most difficult (test F1-measures: 0.90/'N', 0.81/'A' and 0.72/'O') due to high inter-patient variability and similarity with 'N'. SIGNIFICANCE: These study results contribute to multidisciplinary areas, focusing on creation of robust and reliable cardiac monitoring systems in order to improve diagnosis, reduce unnecessary time-consuming expert ECG scoring and, consequently, ensure timely and effective treatment.

• MeSH
• elektrokardiografie přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• fibrilace síní diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nositelná elektronika * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rozhodovací stromy MeSH
• support vector machine * MeSH
• určení tepové frekvence přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• víceúrovňová analýza MeSH
• vlnková analýza MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: The mitochondrial metabolism has been associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) risk. Recent evidence also suggests the involvement of the genetic variability of the mitochondrial function in several traits involved in PDAC etiology. However, a systematic investigation of the genetic variability of mitochondrial genome (mtSNP) and of all the nuclear genes involved in its functioning (n-mtSNPs) has never been reported. METHODS: We conducted a two-phase association study of mtSNPs and n-mtSNPs to assess their effect on PDAC risk. We analyzed 35,297 n-mtSNPs and 101 mtSNPs in up to 55,870 individuals (12,884 PDAC cases and 42,986 controls). In addition, we also conducted a gene-based analysis on 1,588 genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism using Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation (MAGMA) software. RESULTS: In the discovery phase, we identified 49 n-mtSNPs and no mtSNPs associated with PDAC risk (P < 0.05). In the second phase, none of the findings were replicated. In the gene-level analysis, we observed that three genes (TERT, SUGCT, and SURF1) involved in the mitochondrial metabolism showed an association below the Bonferroni-corrected threshold of statistical significance (P = 0.05/1588 = 3.1 × 10-5). CONCLUSIONS: Even though the mitochondrial metabolism might be involved in PDAC etiology, our results, obtained in a study with one of the largest sample sizes to date, show that neither n-mtSNPs nor mtSNPs are associated with PDAC risk. IMPACT: This large case-control study does not support a role of the genetic variability of the mitochondrial function in PDAC risk.

• MeSH
• duktální karcinom slinivky břišní genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• genom mitochondriální MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Kidney paired donation (KPD) is a valuable tool to overcome immunological barriers in living donor transplantation. While small national registries encounter difficulties in finding compatible matches, multi-national KPD may be a useful strategy to facilitate transplantation. The Czech (Prague) and Austrian (Vienna) KPD programs, both initiated in 2011, were merged in 2015. A bi-national algorithm allowed for ABO- and low-level HLA antibody-incompatible exchanges, including the option of altruistic donor-initiated domino chains. Between 2011 and 2019, 222 recipients and their incompatible donors were registered. Of those, 95.7% (Prague) and 67.9% (Vienna) entered into KPD registries, and 81 patients received a transplant (95% 3-year graft survival). Inclusion of ABO-incompatible pairs in the Czech program contributed to higher KPD transplant rates (42.6% vs. 23.6% in Austria). After 2015 (11 bi-national match runs), the median pool size increased to 18 pairs, yielding 33 transplants (8 via cross-border exchanges). While matching rates doubled in Austria (from 9.1% to 18.8%), rates decreased in the Czech program, partly due to implementation of more stringent HLA antibody thresholds. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of merging small national KPD programs to increase pool sizes and may encourage the implementation of multi-national registries to expand the full potential of KPD.

• MeSH
• ledviny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• transplantace ledvin * MeSH
• žijící dárci MeSH
• získávání tkání a orgánů * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Rakousko MeSH

BACKGROUND: Amikacin monotherapy is recommended for urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment with multi-resistant pathogens. Even though amikacin efficacy in the treatment of UTIs is dependent on its urinary concentration, there are no robust data proving that sufficiently high urinary concentration is reached in patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). METHODS: A prospective study to monitor amikacin penetration into urine of 70 patients [40 males, median (interquartile range) age 70 (65-79) years] with different levels of glomerular filtration decline, including patients treated by dialysis, was conducted. The bactericidal efficacy of amikacin in urine samples has been evaluated. RESULTS: Patients with estimated GFR (eGFR) <30 mL/min had significantly lower median amikacin urinary concentration than patients with eGFR >30 mL/min (89.75 vs 186.0 mg/L, P < .0001; 200.5 vs 830.0 mg/L, P < .0001; and 126.0 vs 408.0 mg/L, P < .0001 for minimal, maximal and minimal together with maximal concentrations, respectively). The amount of amikacin eliminated in the first 10-13 h after dose administration was dependent on eGFR (r2 = 0.6144, P < .0001). The urinary concentration of amikacin in patients treated by dialysis was indirectly proportional to pH of urine. The plasma concentrations of amikacin did not correlate with urinary levels in patients in either of the GFR categories. Microbiological evaluation showed that the critical urinary concentration for efficacy of amikacin during UTI monotherapy in patients treated by dialysis is 100 mg/L. We found that 4 out of 11 patients treated by dialysis did not reach this level during the treatment. CONCLUSION: Systemic administration of amikacin monotherapy in patients treated by dialysis is questionable as the concentrations of amikacin in their urine are often below the threshold of effectivity. Amikacin plasma concentrations are not a major determinant of amikacin concentration in urine, therefore pulse dosing is neither necessary nor safe in patients treated by dialysis, and may cause undesirable toxicity.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

There is no general consensus regarding which accelerometer cut-off point (CoP) is most acceptable to estimate the time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children and choice of an appropriate CoP primarily remains a subjective decision. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the influence of CoP selection on the mean MVPA and to define the optimal thresholds of MVPA derived from different accelerometer CoPs to avoid overweight/obesity and adiposity in children aged 7 to 12 years. Three hundred six children participated. Physical activity (PA) was monitored for seven consecutive days using an ActiGraph accelerometer (model GT3X) and the intensity of PA was estimated using the five most frequently published CoPs. Body adiposity was assessed using a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. There was found a wide range of mean levels of MVPA that ranged from 27 (Puyau CoP) to 231 min∙d-1 (Freedson 2005 CoP). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the optimal thresholds for counts per minute (cpm) and MVPA derived from the Puyau CoP was the most useful in classifying children according to their body mass index (BMI) and fat mass percentage (FM%). In the total sample, the optimal thresholds of the MVPA derived from the Puyau CoP were 22 and 23 min∙d-1 when the categories based on BMI and FM%, respectively, were used. The children who did not meet these optimal thresholds had a significantly increased risk of being overweight/obese (OR = 2.88, P < 0.01) and risk of having excess fat mass (OR = 2.41, P < 0.01). In conclusion, the decision of selecting among various CoPs significantly influences the optimal levels of MVPA. The Puyau CoP of 3 200 cmp seems to be the most useful for defining the optimal level of PA for pediatric obesity prevention.

• MeSH
• adipozita MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• plocha pod křivkou MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

REM sleep without atonia (RWA) is the hallmark of isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and is caused by neurodegeneration of brainstem structures. Previously, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was shown to detect microstructural tissue changes in neurodegenerative diseases. The goal of the study was to compare brainstem magnetic susceptibility (MS) in iRBD and controls using the voxel-based QSM approach and to examine the association between brainstem MS and severity of RWA in iRBD. Sixty iRBD patients and 41 healthy controls were included in the study. Phasic, tonic, mixed RWA and SINBAR score was quantified. QSM maps were reconstructed with QSMbox software from a multi-gradient-echo sequence acquired at 3T MRI system and normalized using a custom T1 template. Voxel-based analysis with age and gender as covariates was performed using a two-sample t-test model for between-group comparison and using a linear regression model for association with the RWA parameters. Statistical maps were generated using threshold free cluster enhancement with p-value p < 0.05, corrected for family wise error. Compared to controls, the iRBD group had higher MS in bilateral substantia nigra (SN), red nucleus and the ventral tegmental area. MS positively correlated with iRBD duration in the right pedunculotegmental nucleus and white matter of caudal mesencephalic and pontine tegmentum and with phasic RWA in bilateral SN. QSM was able to detect MS abnormalities in several brainstem structures in iRBD. Association of MS levels in the brainstem with the intensity of RWA suggests that increased iron content in SN is related to RWA severity.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Introduction: Mutations in the TP53 gene are indicative of worse outcome in bladder cancer and are usually assessed by immunohistochemistry. To define p53-overexpression, a threshold of >10% is most commonly used (cut-off1). Recently, a novel cut-off (aberrant = 0% or ≥50%) (cut-off2) showed better correlation to clinical outcome. In this study, we evaluate the association between p53-immunohistochemistry cut-offs, clinico-pathological variables and disease-specific survival (DSS). Methods: Seven-hundred-fifty chemotherapy-naïve patients who underwent radical cystectomy were included (92% muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In addition to cut-off1 and cut-off2, a third cut-off (cut-off3) was determined based on the highest Youden-index value. Cut-off values were associated with clinico-pathological variables and FGFR3 mutation status. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate DSS. Results: Aberrant p53-expression was found in 489 (65%) (cut-off1) and 466 (62%) (cut-off2) tumors. Cut-off3 was determined at 25% and aberrant p53-expression in 410 cases (55%) (cutoff3). p53-expression levels were significantly associated with higher pT-stage (cut-off1/2/3: P = 0.047, P = 0.006 and P = 0.0002, respectively), higher grade (all, P < 0.0001), and FGFR3 wild-type (cut-off1: P = 0.02, cut-offs2&3: P = 0.001). Median follow-up was 5.3 years (interquartile range, 4.0-6.0 years). p53-expression was not associated with DSS for any of the three cut-offs (cut-off1/2/3: P-log-rank = 0.566, 0.77 and 0.50, respectively). If we only considered locally advanced bladder cancer, results on DSS remained non-significant. Conclusion: This multi-center, multi-laboratory study showed that, regardless of the cut-off used, p53-immunohistochemistry did not enable selection of patients with worse outcome. Our results suggest that p53-immunohistochemistry alone is not suitable to guide clinical decision making after radical cystectomy.

• MeSH
• cystektomie MeSH
• geny p53 MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 * genetika   MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * diagnóza   chirurgie   genetika   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH