Cíl studie: Srovnání presnosti dvou prístroju pro merení nervosvalového prenosu s elektromyografickým a akcelerometrickým vyhodnocením svalové odpovedi v prubehu svalové relaxace cisatrakuriem a rokuroniem . Stanovení efektivity akcelerometrie pri detekci reziduálního bloku. Typ studie: klinická, prospektivní, randomizovaná, kontrolovaná. Název a sídlo pracovište: Klinika anesteziologie a resuscitace univerzitní nemocnice. Materiál a metoda: Po získání souhlasu etické komise a informovaného souhlasu jsme vyšetrovali 47 nemocných podstupujících plánovaný operacní výkon v celkové anestezii se svalovou relaxací a tracheální intubací. U každého nemocného jsme TOF-ratio merili soucasne akcelerometricky (TOF-Watch® SX, Organon) a elektromyograficky (Datex-Ohmeda). Srovnali jsme párová merení TOF-ratio a stanovili hodnoty bias, limity shody, senzitivity, specificity a validity akcelerometrie pri detekci reziduální blokády. Výsledky: Získali jsme 1505 párových merení (TOFEMG a TOFACC). Prumerný rozdíl v TOF-ratio (bias) byl -1,4 % (SD 10,9). Meze shody (rozmezí, v nemž leží 95 % rozdílu mezi mereními) byly -23,3 až +20,5 %. Senzitivita, specificita a validita akcelerometrie pri detekci reziduální blokády (TOFEMG ³ 90 %) byla 47, 97 a 92 procent. Obe metody poskytovaly spolehlivou informaci o hloubce relaxace, akcelerometrie byla schopna s prijatelnou presností detekovat reziduální blok. Záver: Akcelerometrie (TOF-Watch® SX) predstavuje spolehlivý klinický nástroj pro detekci reziduální blokády. Její výsledky však nejsou zamenitelné s údaji získanými elektromyograficky (Datex-Ohmeda).
Objective: To compare the TOF-ratio measured with acceleromyography (ACC) and electromyography (EMG) during cis-atracurium or rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade. To determine the effectiveness of accelerometry for detection of a residual block. Design: Clinical, prospective, comparative, controlled study. Setting: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital. Materials and Methods: Following local ethics committee approval and obtaining informed consent, 47 patients scheduled for elective surgery under total intravenous anaesthesia with tracheal intubation and muscle relaxation were studied. In each consecutive patient, accelerometry (TOF-Watch® SX, Organon) and electromyography (Datex-Ohmeda) were used simultaneously to determine theTOF-ratio. Paired TOF-ratios were compared and bias, limits of agreement, sensitivity, specificity and validity for the accelerometric detection of the residual block were calculated. Results: 1,505 paired measurements of TOF were obtained (TOFEMG and TOFACC). The average difference in the TOF-ratios showed a bias of –1.4% (SD 10.9). The limits of agreement (range in which 95% of the differences between paired measurements are expected to lie) were -23.3 to +20.5%. The sensitivity, specificity and validity of accelerometry to detect recovery from the neuromuscular block (TOFEMG ³ 90%) were 47, 97 and 92% respectively. Both measurement techniques provided reliable information about the degree of neuromuscular block. Under the described study conditions accelerometry was able to detect residual neuromuscular blockade with acceptable precision. Conclusion: Accelerometry (TOF-Watch® SX) is a reliable clinical tool for the detection of a residual block but its results cannot be used interchangeably with electromyography (Datex-Ohmeda).
World review of nutrition and dietetics ; Vol. 92
[1st ed.] XIII, 174 s. : il.
- MeSH
- Fatty Acids MeSH
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- vnitřní lékařství
- biochemie
V předložené studii se experimentálně stanovily dělící poměry diltiazemu v soustavě n-oktanolu a tlumivých roztoků o známém pH. Z těchto hodnot se vypočítaly rozdělovači koeficient a disociační konstanta diltiazemu. Léčivo s rozdělovacím koeficientem P = 597 a disociační konstantou Ka = 1,72 .10 (pKa = 7,76) bude mít předpoklady pro dobrou absorbci ve střevním traktu.
The present study experimentally determined the partition ratios of dilthiazem in the system of n-octanol and buffering solutions with known pH's. These values served to calculate the partition coefficient and dissociation constant of dilthiazem. The drug with the partition coefficient P = 597 and the dis association constant Ka = 1.72.10 (pKa=7.76) will have prerequisites for good absorption in the intestinal tract.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lymphocytes immunology MeSH
- Antibodies, Monoclonal MeSH
- Flow Cytometry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czechoslovakia MeSH
The sex ratio may be influenced by many factors, such as stress and immunosuppression, age of parents, parity and sex of preceding siblings. In animal systems, parasitism often changes the sex ratio of infected hosts, which can increase the probability of their transmission. The most common human protozoan parasite in developed countries, Toxoplasma gondii (prevalence 20%-80%), is known to change the behaviour of its intermediate hosts, thereby increasing the probability of transmission to its definitive host (the cat) by predation. The intermediate hosts, which under natural conditions are rodents, serve as the vector for Toxoplasma. Therefore, we speculate that Toxoplasma can alter the secondary sex ratio (i.e. male to female ratio in the offspring) of infected females to increase the proportion of (congenitally infected) male offspring, which are the more migratory sex in most rodent species. Here we studied the sex ratio of experimentally infected laboratory mice, expressed here as the proportion of males in the litter. In accordance with our hypothesis and results of previous retrospective cohort studies on human subjects, mice with toxoplasmosis produced a higher sex ratio than controls, in the early phase of latent infection. In the later phase of infection, mice with congenital toxoplasmosis had a lower sex ratio than controls, which is in accord with the Trivers-Willard hypothesis of sex ratio manipulation, suggesting that females in poor physical condition give birth to more female offspring.
