Postural changes
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Po zajištění posturální stability je nutný neustálý přísun informací prostřednictvím různých typů senzorů, výkonná řídící činnost CNS a funkční pohybový systém. Často bývá přehlížen význam exterocepce a opomíjen vliv psychiky. K pochopení principů posturální stability významně přispívají klinické poznatky vývojové kineziologie a studium patologických stavů v dospělém věku. V oblasti výzkumu se v posledních letech rychle rozvíjímetoda tzv. stabilografie, sledování změn polohy COP a dalších parametrů pomocí silových plošin. Ke stanovení těžiště (COM) lze použít 3D analýzu.
After ensuring postural stability a constant supply of information via different types of sensors is necessary as well as an efficient guiding activity of the CNS and a functioning locomotor system. Frequently the importance of exteroception is overlooked and the influence of the psychic state is omitted. The understanding of the principles of postural stability is significantly assisted by clinical findings of developmental kinesiology and investigation of pathological conditions in adult age. In the sphere of research in recent years the method of so-called stabilography is rapidly developing as well as the follow up of changes in the position ofCOPand other parameters by means of tensometric planes. For assessment of the centre of gravity (COM) 3D analysis can be used.
Těhotenství je významným obdobím v životě ženy, které se ale vyznačuje také sníženou pohybovou aktivitou. Také přichází k velkému množství změn v těle těhotné ženy. Vlivem posunu centrálního těžiště směrem vpřed (zvětšený objem a hmotnost břicha) se více ohýbá páteř. Přichází také ke změně stability postoje ke snížení úrovně rovnováhových schopností, které jsme testovali na stabilometrickej plošině SWAY 40 sekundovým testem udržování statické polohy těla. Postupně snižována úroveň stability je zapříčiněna také oslabenými svaly a jejich sníženým tonusem. Tím je tělo ženy méně silné, méně odolné proti bolestem. Doporučujeme přiměřenou pohybovou aktivitu a udržování správných poloh vsedě a vstoje.
Pregnancy is very important life period in which women are more physical inactive than before. Many changes are appeared in pregnant bodies. The level of postural stability gradually decreases which is caused by the shift of the center of gravity forward (increase in weight and volume of abdomen) and the bend spine backward. This was tested by using stabilographic platform SWAY and stability test in standing position for 40 seconds with the aim to keep the center of gravity above the area with a radiusof 1 mm. Also, there occur weaker muscle tone and loss of origin strength in postural and other muscles. We recommend adequate physical activity with keeping the correct basic positions like sitting and standing during pregnancy.
The study is aimed to examine balance control of slightly obese young adults during quiet stance and during gait initiation with and without crossing an obstacle. Forty-four young subjects were divided in two groups: control (BMI<25 kg/m(2)) and slightly obese (BMI from 25 to 35 kg/m(2)). Center of foot pressure (CoP) and kinematics of fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) were evaluated using a force plate and a motion capture system. During quiet stance with eyes open slightly obese group showed increased mean amplitude and velocity of CoP in anterior-posterior direction compared to normal weight subjects. During unloading phase of gait initiation significantly greater and faster lateral CoP shift was observed in slightly obese group compared to normal weight peers. Presence of an obstacle increased amplitude and velocity of the lateral CoP shift similarly in both groups. No BMI-related differences were found on L5 segment during gait initiation, which may indicate that postural control was already successfully performed in feet (CoP). We have shown that increased CoP parameters values and thus increased postural instability during quiet stance and during unloading phase of gait initiation is present not only in morbidly obese, but already in slightly obese subjects.
The aim of the study was to investigate age-related changes in postural responses to platform translation with 3 various velocities. We focused on the influence of linear velocity using the smoothed profile of platform acceleration (till 100 cm.s(-2)). Eleven healthy young (20-31 years) and eleven healthy elderly (65-76 years) subjects were examined. The subjects stood on the force platform with their eyes closed. Each trial (lasting for 8 sec) with different velocity (10, 15, 20 cm.s(-1)) of 20 cm backward platform translation was repeated 4 times. We have recorded displacements of the centre of pressure (CoP) and the EMG activity of gastrocnemius muscle (GS) and tibialis anterior muscle (TA). The results showed increased maximal values of CoP responses to the platform translation. There was also observed a scaling delay of CoP responses to platform translation with different velocities in elderly. The EMG activity of GS muscle during backward platform translation was of about similar shape in both groups during the slowest platform velocity, but it increased depending on rising velocity. EMG activity of TA was not related to the platform velocity. Early parts of postural responses showed significant co-activation of TA and GS muscles of elderly. It is likely that elderly increased body stiffening in order to help their further balance control.
- MeSH
- akční potenciály MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- elektromyografie MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace MeSH
- kosterní svaly fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohyb těles MeSH
- postura těla MeSH
- posturální rovnováha MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí MeSH
- tlak MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Measuring the center of pressure (CoP) for a subject positioned on a force plate is one of the most commonly used tools to investigate balance. Several studies have proven a significant degradation of the body's stability after the age of 60. The conclusions, however, are based on a limited number of indicators and without systematic nonlinear analysis methods being used to evaluate the progression of CoP parameter values. Neither the change in CoP movement in subjects over 60 years of age nor the considerations of their body mass index (BMI) has been systematically evaluated by nonlinear methods so far. This study is based on one of the frequent methods for nonlinear evaluation - the Recurrent Quantification analysis. This article discusses the applicability of this method with regards to the evaluation of changes in postural stability of subjects over 60 years of age. Postural stability changes were evaluated using CoP motion and tested by the nonlinear method. For this research purpose, a group of 103 elderly women were selected and divided into age-respective groups of 60-69 years and 70-79 years old. Each age group was further divided into a subgroup of normal and overweight subjects according to their BMI. The following recurrent analysis parameters were employed in the evaluation of CoP motion in medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions: determinism (DET), laminarity (LAM) and trapping time (TT). The results of the Wilcoxon test revealed a statistically significant difference between the values in parameters for the different age groups of overweight subjects almost in all the cases. Conversely, statistically significant differences between age groups rarely occurred in a subgroup of subjects with a normal BMI.
- MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha MeSH
- pohyb MeSH
- postura těla * MeSH
- posturální rovnováha * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
