Background: COVID is described as having not only medical but also wider social consequences for society. Individuals may experience persistent health problems after infection. We aimed to find out whether people with chronic neurodegenerative disease (multiple sclerosis - MS) still perceive any complications after this infection. And the secondary aim was to offer them a physiotherapy. Methods: In this single-centre study, people with MS who experienced COVID-19 between January and March 2022 were contacted and structurally asked about the occurrence of any post-COVID symptoms. Results: In March 2023, 251 (75 men) people responded to the survey. The mean age of these people was 43.8 years (SD 8.9), and the mean disease duration 14.1 years (SD 8.3). A total of 76 people (22%) suffered from post-COVID symptoms lasting 12 weeks or longer. Most common symptoms included fatigue (55%), dyspnoe (26%), neurological deterioration (20%), and joint and muscle pain (18%).A total of 6 people participated in a pilot physiotherapy program. Conclusion: Based on subjective reports, a considerable number of people with MS can suffer from post-COVID symptoms Our experience from a small pilot study showed that individual physiotherapy could probably relieve some of these difficulties. However, this would need to be verified in a larger sample. Knowledge of any persistent post-COVID difficulties can also help other health and social care professionals.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 complications   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pilot Projects MeSH
• Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome * epidemiology   complications   pathology   rehabilitation   MeSH
• Interviews as Topic MeSH
• Multiple Sclerosis * complications   MeSH
• Physical Therapy Modalities MeSH
• Self Report MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Spike proteins on the surface of human corona viruses is important to enhance it's competency to get transmit into other healthy population. Because of it's specific spike protein, the virus got its name corona in 1960s. Afterward, it was renamed as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012. It was mortal for old population, new born babies and immune-compromised individuals, who didn't have sufficient immunity or defense system. On February 11, 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) gave the names of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. A characteristic of nCoV-19, which is a cause of COVID-19, was identified as major cause of pneumonia. However, the healthcare professionals worked hard to to stop it's outbreak and transmission all over the world. But, there was no medicines that have been cleared by the FDA to treat COVID-19 successfully. So, the goal of this study is to look at the scientific data that is already available about clinical care and therapy of this disease. Some of the sources that were checked for this study were BioRxiv, medRxiv, Google Scholar, Embase, PsychINFO, WanFang Data, and PubMed. A lot of work went into finding out what medicines could be used to avoid and treat COVID-19 illnesses. Remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and immunosuppressant drugs have all been shown to help to fight the virus. Until a treatment for the COVID-19 virus is found, it is best to stay away from other people and follow strict hygiene. Most medicinal treatments still have a lot of unknown effects, and different medicines and vaccines are being trialed and tested succefully to stop prevelance, transmission and develop the symptoms.

• MeSH
• Antiviral Agents pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevention & control   virology   MeSH
• Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus pharmacology   drug effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Viral Structures virology   MeSH
• Viral Vaccines * pharmacology   classification   MeSH
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus drug effects   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Increasing resistance to antibiotics, adverse effects of standard anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory treatments, or tumour types resistant to these treatments are leading to a search for alternatives. One of these is the use of natural products, such as bee venom, which have the same or better effect than these standard products. Bee venom has been used to treat a number of diseases for thousands of years. However, a significant obstacle remains the risk of severe allergic reactions, which can be caused by some of the more than 100 substances contained in the venom. Therefore, intensive research is currently underway to investigate not only the actual use of bee venom or its components in the above areas, but also ways to prevent these adverse effects.

• MeSH
• Hypersensitivity etiology   immunology   MeSH
• Apitherapy * methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Venom Hypersensitivity etiology   immunology   MeSH
• Bee Venoms * chemistry   pharmacology   adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Venoms pharmacology   adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

Background: Stenotrophomonas infections are becoming more widespread around the world and can be counted as a "newly emerging pathogen of concern". The present study aimed to detect a variety of Stenotrophomonas species (S. maltophilia) using specific 23S rRNA gene primers and investigate their multi-drug resistance potential.Methods: This study includes 375 clinical samples from different clinical sources 175 from males and 200 from females collected from Mosul City Hospital. Identification of Stenotrophomonas was conducted through multiple steps including culturing methods, molecular methods in addition to some biochemical tests 11(3%) of isolates belonged to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The isolates understudy were tested for their ability to resist 10 different antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.Results: The resistance rate to amoxicillin, gentamicin, and amikacin (100%), cefixime (91%), imipenem (64%), meropenem(55%), Azithromycin (36%), nalidixic acid and trimethoprim (18%), ciprofloxacin(0%). The virulence factors of S. maltophilia siderophores were found in all (11) isolates belonging to S. maltophilia at a percentage (100%). The result of PCR assay using specific primers designed for detecting 23S rRNA genes of S. maltophilia gives amplification for 11 isolates from 14 suspected isolates. Nucleic acid sequencing for the 23S rRNA gene shows that all isolates belong to S. maltophilia with a similarity rate (91-99) in NCBI.Because the 23S rRNA gene sequence in Stenotrophomonas species shows more variety in this location this study used specific 23S rRNA gene primers to identify S. maltophilia.Conclusion: The study used phenotypic and molecular diagnostic techniques to isolate the bacteria, including the S rRNA23 gene. The results emphasize the need for increased vigilance in hospitals to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the development of new treatment strategies.

• MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics   MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics   MeSH
• Cross Infection genetics   microbiology   MeSH
• Clinical Studies as Topic methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microbiological Techniques methods   MeSH
• Polymerase Chain Reaction methods   MeSH
• RNA, Ribosomal, 23S * analysis   genetics   MeSH
• Siderophores analysis   genetics   MeSH
• Stenotrophomonas maltophilia * genetics   pathogenicity   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Algorithms are involved in decisions ranging from trivial to significant, but people often express distrust toward them. Research suggests that educational efforts to explain how algorithms work may help mitigate this distrust. In a study of 1,921 participants from 20 countries, we examined differences in algorithmic trust for low-stakes and high-stakes decisions. Our results suggest that statistical literacy is negatively associated with trust in algorithms for high-stakes situations, while it is positively associated with trust in low-stakes scenarios with high algorithm familiarity. However, explainability did not appear to influence trust in algorithms. We conclude that having statistical literacy enables individuals to critically evaluate the decisions made by algorithms, data and AI, and consider them alongside other factors before making significant life decisions. This ensures that individuals are not solely relying on algorithms that may not fully capture the complexity and nuances of human behavior and decision-making. Therefore, policymakers should consider promoting statistical/AI literacy to address some of the complexities associated with trust in algorithms. This work paves the way for further research, including the triangulation of data with direct observations of user interactions with algorithms or physiological measures to assess trust more accurately.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Background: We report a successful wound treatment of a chronic ulcer with bone exposure using a somehow forgotten technique of creating burr holes into the bone. Most clinics would promote flap surgery to cover wounds with bone exposure, however, in some cases invasive surgery is not mandatory. We bring up an alternative treatment for such cases. Case: We report a case of chronic ulcers on both lower extremities in a 43-year-old Caucasian male. He suffers from a leukocytoclastic vasculitis and sarcoidosis which is medicated by immunosuppressive medication. The patient‘s wounds were initially treated with mechanical debridement and split-thickness skin grafts, however, his wounds tended to worsen the more they were manipulated and finally resulted in tibial bone exposure. After levelling up his immune suppressive drugs, the wounds finally stabilized but didn’t heal after several weeks of follow-up. The wound was ultimately treated by placing burr holes in the underlying cortical bone. Conclusion: Chronic ulcers with bone exposure at the lower leg are challenging to treat. They often require local or free flap surgery. In some cases, because of underlying systemic disease, it is mandatory to stay away from invasive flap surgery. With this case, we like to put under attention an old technique of decorticating the exposed bone to promote secondary wound healing. It has been described mainly for scalp injuries, however, we have proven the viability of this technique for pretibial wounds as well.

• MeSH
• Varicose Ulcer surgery   etiology   pathology   therapy   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Immunosuppressive Agents adverse effects   MeSH
• Comorbidity MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Treatment Failure MeSH
• Leg Injuries surgery   complications   pathology   therapy   MeSH
• Tibia * surgery   pathology   injuries   MeSH
• Limb Salvage methods   MeSH
• Plastic Surgery Procedures * methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

PURPOSE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent and preventable condition that typically worsens over time. Acute exacerbations of COPD significantly impact disease progression, underscoring the importance of prevention efforts. This observational study aimed to achieve two main objectives: (1) identify patients at risk of exacerbations using an ensemble of clustering algorithms, and (2) classify patients into distinct clusters based on disease severity. METHODS: Data from portable medical devices were analyzed post-hoc using hyperparameter optimization with Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), Isolation Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms, to detect flare-ups. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by KMeans clustering was applied to categorize patients by severity. RESULTS: 25 patients were included within the study population, data from 17 patients had the required reliability. Five patients were identified in the highest deterioration group, with one clinically confirmed exacerbation accurately detected by our ensemble algorithm. Then, PCA and KMeans clustering grouped patients into three clusters based on severity: Cluster 0 started with the least severe characteristics but experienced decline, Cluster 1 consistently showed the most severe characteristics, and Cluster 2 showed slight improvement. CONCLUSION: Our approach effectively identified patients at risk of exacerbations and classified them by disease severity. Although promising, the approach would need to be verified on a larger sample with a larger number of recorded clinically verified exacerbations.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Kniha vychází z praktické lexikografické práce na Velkém německo-českém akademickém slovníku, jenž vzniká v Ústavu germánských studií Filozofické fakulty Univerzity Karlovy. Tématem knihy jsou centrální otázky zachycení slovotvorby v německo-českých slovnících, tj. její reflexe ve vnějších slovníkových textech, typ makrostruktury, heslové statě slovotvorných prostředků, speciální slovotvorné oddíly hesel a využití typografie za účelem popisu slovotvorných fenoménů.

Děti s vysoce rizikovými a relabujícími solidními nádory představují skupinu 15-20% onkologicky nemocných dětí, u kterých nedokážeme nepříznivý průběh jejich nemoci zvrátit. Pro tyto pacienty je nutné hledat nové možnosti a strategie léčby. Nezbytnou podmínkou pro efektivní terapii je nejen podrobná histopatologická charakterizace nádoru, ale také adekvátní molekulárně biologické vyšetření. V nádoru se může vyskytovat několik druhů aberací, které přispívají k rozvoji nádorového onemocnění. Jedná se např. o záměny menšího rozsahu, amplifikace onkogenů či delece tumor supresorových genů, či zvýšeně exprimované geny. Všechny tyto události lze identifikovat moderními metodami založenými na sekvenování nové generace. Některé z takto detekovaných změn představují potenciální terapeutický cíl, jiné jsou důležitými prognostickými faktory. Obecným cílem projektu je využití celoexomového sekvenování, sekvenování genomu s nízkým pokrytím a transkriptomu jako významných diagnostických nástrojů pro tvorbu individualizovaných léčebných plánů pro děti s vysoce rizikovými solidními nádory.; Children with high-risk and relapsed solid tumors represent 15-20% of children with malignant disease in whom current treatment approaches remain unsatisfactory. In these cases new and individialized treatment strategies are necessary. Essential condition for effective therapy is not only a detailed histopathological characterization of the tumor, but also its adequate molecular biological examination. There are several changes in the tumor that can drive its tumorigenesis, e.g. small substitutions, amplification of oncogenes and deletion of tumor suppressors or gene overexpressions. Mentioned events can be identified by modern methods based on next-generation sequencing. Some of these changes represent potential actionable target, others are important prognostic factors. The overall aim of this project is an utilization of whole exome sequencing, genome sequencing with low coverage and transcriptome sequencing as important tools for therapeutic planning in pediatric patients with high-risk solid tumors.

• Keywords
• sekvenování nové generace, personalizovaná medicína, personalized medicine, solid tumors, solidní nádory, Next-generation sequencing, precision medicine, dětská onkologie, pediatric oncology, precizní medicína,

• NML Publication type
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

Mikroprostředí hraje významnou roli v patogenezi lymfomu a jeho prognóze. Vzhledem k úzké interakci mezi imunitním systémem a střevní mikrobiotou není překvapením, že některé lymfomy (např. mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue- MALT lymfom žaludku ad.) jsou prokazatelně způsobeny přítomností specifických typů baktérií. Hlavním cílem navrhovaného projektu je získat nové poznatky o složení, vlivu a odlišnostech mikrobiomu u pacientů s nitroočním lymfomem, lymfomem CNS a s dalšími typy lymfomů, a popsat jejich vztah i vzhledem k jejich molekulárně genetické charakteristice. K dosažení těchto cílů bude využita analýza vlastní nádorové tkáně, nitroočních tekutin, likvoru, séra a mikrobiomu pacientů s lymfomem, a experimentální model nitroočního lymfomu u myši. Výsledky získané z pokusů na experimentálním modelu budou porovnány s klinickým výzkumem u pacientů. Získané poznatky přispějí k navržení nového diagnostického a léčebného protokolu lymfomu v humánní medicíně.; Microenvironment plays a significant role in the lymphoma pathogenesis and prognosis. Since there is such a close interaction between the immune system and the intestinal microbiota, it is not surprising that some lymphomas such as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, i.e. MALT gastric lymphoma have been shown to be caused by the presence of certain specific bacteria. The main aim of this project is to gain new knowledge of the composition, influence and differences in microbiome in patients with intraocular, CNS and other types of lymphoma, and to define their relationship and molecular biological characteristics. To achieve these goals, analysis of tumour tissue, intraocular fluids, CSF, serum and microbiome of patients with lymphoma, and experimental murine model of lymphoma, will be used. The experimental results will be compared to those from clinical research of patients with lymphoma. The acquired data will contribute to the definition of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in human lymphoma.

• Keywords
• microRNA, microRNA, mikrobiom, microbiome, DLBCL, DLBCL, lymfom, lymphoma, mikrobiota, microbiota, vitreoretinální lymfom, MALT, CNS lymfom, vitreoretinal lymphoma, MALT, CNS lymphoma,

• NML Publication type
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR