Cieľ: LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) je stanovovaný metódami, ktorých presnosť je významne ovplyvnená v rôznych klinických alebo analytických situáciách. Novo boli popísané dve výpočtové metódy stanovenia LDL-C, rovnica Martin a rovnica Sampson, ktorých vlastnosti porovnávame s Friedewaldovou rovnicou. Súbor a metódy: Vzájomné porovnávania LDL-C stanovené uvedenými 3 rovnicami boli vykonané na 4 reálnych súboroch lipidových dát, vytvorených pri rôznych predošlých štúdiách, o rozsahu od n = 140 po n = 7 393 a na nami novo navrhnutom umelom súbore dát. Výsledky: Rozdiel medzi hodnotami LDL-C stanovenými rôznymi rovnicami sa postupne zväčšuje so znižovaním hladín LDL-C, a to rovnako v podskupine nízkych hodnôt TG aj podskupinách stredných a vyšších hodnôt TG. Platí to pre všetky 4 reálne súbory aj pre umelý súbor. Tieto rozdiely sú tým viditeľnejšie, čím väčší je rozsah súboru. Pre umelý súbor bola celková zhoda medzi kategóriami LDL-C najnižšia pri porovnaní Friedewaldovej a Martinovej rovnice (83,1 %), vyššia medzi rovnicami Sampson a Martin (88,9 %) a najvyššia pri porovnaní rovníc Friedewald a Sampson (90,9 %). Vo všetkých 4 reálnych súboroch boli trendy nadhodnotenia a podhodnotenia medzi rovnicami úplne rovnaké ako v umelom súbore. Záver: Výsledky klinických aj epidemiologických štúdií sú výrazne ovplyvnené použitou metódou stanovenia LDL-C. Pri porovnávaní výpočtových metód stanovenia LDL-C je možné s výhodou použiť popísaný umelý súbor.

Objective: LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) is determined by methods whose accuracy is significantly affected in various clinical or analytical situations. Two computational methods have recently been described, the Martin equation and the Sampson equation, validity of which we compare with the Friedewald equation. Methods: LDL-C comparisons determined by the 3 equations were performed on 4 real sets of lipid data, generated in various previous studies, ranging from n = 140 to n = 7 393. We have created an artificial set of data on the extent of 900 members with equally distributed values of TC, HDL-C and TG troughout the commonly found range. Such a data set is independent of the phrase "we performed the calculations on our file". Comparisons were also made on this artificial file. Results: The difference between the LDL-C values determined by the different equations gradually increases with decreasing LDL-C levels, both in the subgroup of low TG values and in the subgroups of medium and higher TG values. This applies to all 4 real files as well as to the artificial file. These differences are more visible the larger the file size. For the artificial set, the overall agreement between the LDL-C categories was lowest when comparing the Friedewald and Martin equations (83.1%), higher between the Sampson and Martin equations (88.9%) and highest when comparing the Friedewald and Sampson equations (90.9%). In all 4 real sets, the trends of overestimation and underestimation between the equations were exactly the same as in the artificial set. Conclusion: The results of clinical and epidemiological studies are significantly influenced by the method used to determine LDL-C. When comparing the calculation methods for determining LDL-C, it is possible to preferably use the described artificial set.

• Klíčová slova
• Friedewaldova rovnice, rovnice Martin/Hopkins, rovnice Sampson,
• MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol * analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• triglyceridy analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: In European axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) clinical registries, we aimed to investigate commonalities and differences in (1) set-up, clinical data collection; (2) data availability and completeness; and (3) wording, recall period, and scale used for selected patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). METHODS: Data was obtained as part of the EuroSpA Research Collaboration Network and consisted of (1) an online survey and follow-up interview, (2) upload of real-world data, and (3) selected PROMs included in the online survey. RESULTS: Fifteen registries participated, contributing 33,948 patients (axSpA: 21,330 (63%), PsA: 12,618 (37%)). The reported coverage of eligible patients ranged from 0.5 to 100%. Information on age, sex, biological/targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug treatment, disease duration, and C-reactive protein was available in all registries with data completeness between 85% and 100%. All PROMs (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity and Functional Indices, Health Assessment Questionnaire, and patient global, pain and fatigue assessments) were more complete after 2015 (68-86%) compared to prior (50-79%). Patient global, pain and fatigue assessments showed heterogeneity between registries in terms of wording, recall periods, and scale. CONCLUSION: Important heterogeneity in registry design and data collection across fifteen European axSpA and PsA registries was observed. Several core measures were widely available, and an increase in data completeness of PROMs in recent years was identified. This study might serve as a basis for examining how differences in data collection across registries may impact the results of collaborative research in the future.

• MeSH
• ankylózující spondylitida * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• bolest MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psoriatická artritida * farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• spondylartritida * farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Correct virtual reconstruction of a defective skull is a prerequisite for successful cranioplasty and its automatization has the potential for accelerating and standardizing the clinical workflow. This work provides a deep learning-based method for the reconstruction of a skull shape and cranial implant design on clinical data of patients indicated for cranioplasty. The method is based on a cascade of multi-branch volumetric CNNs that enables simultaneous training on two different types of cranioplasty ground-truth data: the skull patch, which represents the exact shape of the missing part of the original skull, and which can be easily created artificially from healthy skulls, and expert-designed cranial implant shapes that are much harder to acquire. The proposed method reaches an average surface distance of the reconstructed skull patches of 0.67 mm on a clinical test set of 75 defective skulls. It also achieves a 12% reduction of a newly proposed defect border Gaussian curvature error metric, compared to a baseline model trained on synthetic data only. Additionally, it produces directly 3D printable cranial implant shapes with a Dice coefficient 0.88 and a surface error of 0.65 mm. The outputs of the proposed skull reconstruction method reach good quality and can be considered for use in semi- or fully automatic clinical cranial implant design workflows.

• MeSH
• deep learning * MeSH
• lebka diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protézy a implantáty MeSH
• zákroky plastické chirurgie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The toxicity of food additives is widely studied and concerns many consumers worldwide. Synthetic food colors are often considered an unnecessary risk to consumer health. Since the European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) re-evaluation between 2009 and 2014, the body of scientific literature on food colors has grown, and new evaluations are being published by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Therefore, this narrative review aims to review the toxicological data that have become available since 2014. The reviewed colors are Quinoline Yellow, Sunset Yellow, Azorubine, Amaranth, Ponceau 4R, Erythrosine, Allura Red, Patent Blue, Indigo Carmine, Brilliant Blue FCF, Green S, Brilliant Black, Brown HT, and Lithol Rubine BK. Tartrazine was not included in this paper; the overwhelming amount of recent data on Tartrazine toxicity requires more space than this review can provide. The issues regarding the toxicity of synthetic food colors and real population exposures are being regularly examined and reviewed by relevant authorities, such as the EFSA and JECFA. The current ADI limits set by the authorities are mostly in agreement, and they seem safe. However, the EFSA and JECFA assessments of some of the colors are more than a decade old, and new evidence will soon be required.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Cíl práce: Studie byla zaměřena na ověření klinického významu stanovení chemokinu CXCL13 (chemoatraktant pro B lymfocyty) a protilátek proti C6 peptidu (syntetického antigenu odvozeného z VlsE proteinu B. burgdorferi) u pacientů s neuroborreliózou (NB). Materiál a metody: Ve studii bylo hodnoceno 129 pacientů. Z toho 80 pacientů s NB (pozitivní antiborreliové protilátky v krvi i moku) bylo dále rozděleno do čtyř skupin (A1–A4) na základě pozitivity/negativity protilátkového indexu (AI) a pleocytózy. Kontrolní skupinu (B) tvořilo 49 pacientů s negativními antiborreliovýmí protilátkami i negativním cytologickým nálezem. Chemokin CXCL13 a anti C6 protilátky byly vyšetřovány komerčními soupravami (Human CXCL13/BLC/BCA-1 Immunoassay ,R&D Systems, INC, USA; C6 B. burgdorferi (Lyme) ELISA, Immunetics INC. USA). Cut-off hranice CXCL13 pro mozkomíšní mok byla stanovena na ≥ 130 pg/ml a pro sérum na ≥ 62 pg/ml. Výsledky: Nejvyšší koncentrace CXCL13 chemokinu v moku byly nalezeny ve skupině A1 (pleocytóza, pozitivní AI) a byly signifikantně vyšší v porovnání s ostatními skupinami (p < 0,001), kromě skupiny A3 (pleocytóza, negativní AI, (p = 0,04). Skupina A3 měla také signifikantně vyšší koncentrace CXCL13 oproti skupinám A2 (bez pleocytózy, pozitivní AI; p = 0,005), A4 (bez pleocytózy, AI negativní) a B (p < 0,001). Rozdíly v koncentraci CXCL13 v krvi mezi jednotlivými skupinami nebyly statisticky významné. Anti C6 protilátky v séru byly prokázány ve všech skupinách pacientů s NB a jejich výsledky se prakticky nelišily (92 % pozitivních), kromě skupiny A3, kde bylo pozitivních 55 % pacientů. V moku byla nejvyšší senzitivita zachycena u pacientů s pozitivním AI (A1 88,6 %; A2 76,9 %), u pacientů s negativním AI byla senzitivita nízká (A3 25 %; A4 0 %). V kontrolní skupině nebyly anti C6 protilátky prokázány. Závěr: Nejvyšší koncentrace chemokinu CXCL13 v moku byly nalezeny v časném stadiu NB. Zvýšená koncentrace chemokinu CXCL13 koreluje lépe s pleocytózou než pozitivitou AI, existuje část pacientů s pozitivním AI, kteří mají nízkou koncentraci CXCL13. Zde se jedná nejspíše o pacienty v subakutním stadiu onemocnění. Vyšetření CXCL13 by mohlo být využito zejména u pacientů v akutní fázi NB s dosud negativním AI. Klinická senzitivita C6 ELISA testu se jeví v našich podmínkách zejména pro mozkomíšní mok jako nedostačující. Naopak specifita použité metody byla vysoká, protože ani jeden pozitivní pacient nebyl zjištěn v kontrolní skupině.

Aim of the study: The study was focused on testing the diagnostic value of detection of the chemokine CXCL13 (B lymphocyte chemoattractant) and anti-C6 peptide (synthetic peptide derived from B. burdorferi VlsE protein) antibodies in patients with neuroborreliosis (NB). Material and methods: One hundred and twenty-nine patients with clinical suspicion of neuroinfection were included in the study. Eighty patients with NB (positive for antibodies in serum and CSF) were subdivided into four groups (A1–A4) based on positivity/negativity of the antibody index (AI) and pleocytosis. The control group was composed of 49 patients with a negative AI and absence of CSF pleocytosis. Chemokine CXCL13 and anti-C6 antibodies were examined by commercial kits (Human CXCL13/BLC/BCA-1 Immunoassay, R&D Systems, INC, USA and C6 B. burgdorferi (Lyme) ELISA, Immunetics Inc. USA). The CXCL13 cut-off values were set to ≥ 130 pg/ml for the CSF and ≥ 62 pg/ml for the serum. Results: The highest CSF levels of CXCL13 chemokine were found in group A1 (pleocytosis, AI positive), and they were significantly higher (p < 0.001) comparing with other groups except A3 (pleocytosis, AI negative; p = 0.04). Group A3 also showed significantly higher levels of CXCL13 than groups A2 (without pleocytosis, AI positive; p = 0.005), A4 (without pleocytosis, AI negative), and B (p < 0.001). The differences in the serum CXCL13 levels between groups were non-significant. The serum anti-C6 antibodies were detected in all NB groups and the positivity rates did not differ between groups (92%) except for A3 where 55% of the patients were positive. In the CSF, the highest anti-C6 sensitivity was found in the patients with a positive AI (A1 88.6%; A2 76.9%) while in the groups with a negative AI, it was low (A3 25%; A4 0%). In group B, anti-C6 antibodies were not detected. Conclusion: The highest CSF CXCL13 levels were found in early stage NB. Elevated CXCL13 concentrations correlate better with pleocytosis than with AI positivity; however, there exist some patients with a positive AI who have low CXCL13 levels. These patients are most probably those in the late – subacute stage of neuroinfection. The CXCL13 testing seems to be the most diagnostically helpful in the acute stage of NB where AI is still negative. The clinical sensitivity of the C6 ELISA test appears to be insufficient for CSF examination under our conditions. On the contrary, the specificity of this test was proven high, because none of the controls tested positive.

• Klíčová slova
• C6-peptid,
• MeSH
• biochemická analýza krve MeSH
• chemokin CXCL13 * analýza   MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymská neuroborelióza diagnóza   MeSH
• mozkomíšní mok MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• protilátky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Sequential Injection Chromatography (SIC) evolved from fast and automated non-separation Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) into chromatographic separation method for multi-element analysis. However, the speed of the measurement (sample throughput) is due to chromatography significantly reduced. In this paper, a sub-1min separation using medium polar cyano monolithic column (5mm×4.6mm) resulted in fast and green separation with sample throughput comparable with non-separation flow methods The separation of three synthetic water-soluble dyes (sunset yellow FCF, carmoisine and green S) was in a gradient elution mode (0.02% ammonium acetate, pH 6.7 - water) with flow rate of 3.0mLmin-1corresponding with sample throughput of 30h-1. Spectrophotometric detection wavelengths were set to 480, 516 and 630nm and 10Hz data collection rate. The performance of the separation was described and discussed (peak capacities 3.48-7.67, peak symmetries 1.72-1.84 and resolutions 1.42-1.88). The method was represented by validation parameters: LODs of 0.15-0.35mgL-1, LOQs of 0.50-1.25mgL-1, calibration ranges 0.50-150.00mgL-1(r>0.998) and repeatability at 10.0mgL-1of RSD≤0.98% (n=6). The method was used for determination of the dyes in "forest berries" colored pharmaceutical cough-cold formulation. The sample matrix - pharmaceuticals and excipients were not interfering with vis determination because of no retention in the separation column and colorless nature. The results proved the concept of fast and green chromatography approach using very short medium polar monolithic column in SIC.

• MeSH
• barvicí látky MeSH
• chromatografie MeSH
• farmaceutická chemie metody   MeSH
• příprava léků MeSH
• voda MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The protein sequences found in nature represent a tiny fraction of the potential sequences that could be constructed from the 20-amino-acid alphabet. To help define the properties that shaped proteins to stand out from the space of possible alternatives, we conducted a systematic computational and experimental exploration of random (unevolved) sequences in comparison with biological proteins. In our study, combinations of secondary structure, disorder, and aggregation predictions are accompanied by experimental characterization of selected proteins. We found that the overall secondary structure and physicochemical properties of random and biological sequences are very similar. Moreover, random sequences can be well-tolerated by living cells. Contrary to early hypotheses about the toxicity of random and disordered proteins, we found that random sequences with high disorder have low aggregation propensity (unlike random sequences with high structural content) and were particularly well-tolerated. This direct structure content/aggregation propensity dependence differentiates random and biological proteins. Our study indicates that while random sequences can be both structured and disordered, the properties of the latter make them better suited as progenitors (in both in vivo and in vitro settings) for further evolution of complex, soluble, three-dimensional scaffolds that can perform specific biochemical tasks.

• MeSH
• cirkulární dichroismus MeSH
• databáze proteinů MeSH
• datové soubory jako téma MeSH
• molekulární modely * MeSH
• nukleární magnetická rezonance biomolekulární MeSH
• peptidová knihovna * MeSH
• proteinové agregáty MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny chemie   izolace a purifikace   toxicita   MeSH
• rozpustnost MeSH
• sbalování proteinů MeSH
• sekundární struktura proteinů * MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• výpočetní biologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This paper presents a neural network simulator based on anonymized patient motions that measures, categorizes, and infers human gestures based on a library of anonymized patient motions. There is a need for a sufficient training set for deep learning applications (DL). Our proposal is to extend a database that includes a limited number of videos of human physiotherapy activities with synthetic data. As a result of our posture generator, we are able to generate skeletal vectors that depict human movement. A human skeletal model is generated by using OpenPose (OP) from multiple-person videos and photographs. In every video frame, OP represents each human skeletal position as a vector in Euclidean space. The GAN is used to generate new samples and control the parameters of the motion. The joints in our skeletal model have been restructured to emphasize their linkages using depth-first search (DFS), a method for searching tree structures. Additionally, this work explores solutions to common problems associated with the acquisition of human gesture data, such as synchronizing activities and linking them to time and space. A new simulator is proposed that generates a sequence of virtual coordinated human movements based upon a script.

• MeSH
• databáze faktografické MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuronové sítě * MeSH
• pohyb * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Intenzívní medicína je charakteristická svou mimořádnou komplexností, generuje ohromné množství vysoce dynamických dat. Denní kvalitní vizity jsou nástrojem k jejich správnému uchopení a interpretaci ve prospěch kriticky nemocného pacienta. Jsou jedním z prostředků k poskytování té nejlepší, profesionální péče. Aby svůj účel splnily, je nezbytné, aby byly správně strukturované. Klíčové determinanty správné vizity tvoří intenzívní komunikace informací mezi všemi členy léčebného týmu jednotky intenzívní péče, exaktní vyhodnocení stavu pacienta, správné určení krátkodobých i dlouhodobých cílů a delegování úkolů a odpovědností. V neposlední řadě je vizita důležitým nástrojem vzájemného vzdělávání. Tento článek shrnuje základní aspekty správné vizity a diskutuje základní vodítka k pravidelnému obecnému vyhodnocení kriticky nemocného

The intensive care medicine is characterized by its extreme complexity, generating large quantities of highly dynamic data. Daily ward rounds have become an integral part of critical care medicine aimed at comprehensive analysis of the data and providing excellent standards of care. To fulfil its role, the structure and procedure of any ICU ward round have to be clearly defined. Key components of ICU ward round include communication of information within and between all members of critical care staff, exact assessment of patients' status, setting strategic short- and long-term goals, and assignment of tasks and responsibilities. This article summarizes the basic aspects of an ideal ICU ward round and discusses an optimal „checklist“ that must be gone through for every critically ill patient..

• Klíčová slova
• kvalita péče,
• MeSH
• analgezie metody   využití   MeSH
• farmakoterapie metody   využití   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• jednotky intenzivní péče organizace a řízení   pracovní síly   MeSH
• krevní glukóza izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• kritický stav MeSH
• kvalita zdravotní péče normy   trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezioborová komunikace MeSH
• paliativní péče metody   využití   MeSH
• péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu metody   využití   MeSH
• polohování pacienta metody   využití   MeSH
• potrava speciální využití   MeSH
• preventivní lékařství metody   MeSH
• rehabilitace metody   MeSH
• studentská vizita metody   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• tekutinová terapie metody   využití   MeSH
• umělé dýchání metody   využití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The human Nek2 protein kinase is the closest known mammalian relative of the mitotic regulator NIMA of Aspergillus nidulans. The two kinases share 47% sequence identity over their catalytic domains and display a similar cell cycle-dependent expression peaking at the G2 to M phase transition. Hence, it is attractive to speculate that human Nek2 and fungal NIMA may carry out similar functions at the onset of mitosis. To study the biochemical properties and substrate specificity of human Nek2 and compare them to those reported previously for other NIMA-related protein kinases, we have expressed Nek2 in insect cells. We show that recombinant Nek2 is active as a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase and may undergo autophosphorylation. Both human Nek2 and fungal NIMA phosphorylate a similar, albeit not identical, set of proteins and synthetic peptides, and beta-casein was found to be a suitable substrate for assaying Nek2 in vitro. By exploiting these findings, we have studied the cell cycle regulation of Nek2 activity in HeLa cells. We show that Nek2 activity parallels its abundance, being low during M and G1 but high during S and G2 phase. Taken together, our results suggest that human Nek2 resembles fungal NIMA in its primary structure, cell cycle regulation of expression, and substrate specificity, but that Nek2 may function earlier in the cell cycle than NIMA.

• MeSH
• Aspergillus nidulans genetika   MeSH
• Baculoviridae genetika   MeSH
• buněčný cyklus genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• fosforylace MeSH
• HeLa buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• mutageneze MeSH
• peptidové fragmenty metabolismus   MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny buněčného cyklu * MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sekvenční homologie aminokyselin MeSH
• Spodoptera cytologie   MeSH
• substrátová specifita MeSH
• tyrosinkinasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH