artificial tear
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
- MeSH
- blefaritida chirurgie farmakoterapie komplikace patologie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- glukokortikoidy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- perforace rohovky * diagnóza etiologie patologie terapie MeSH
- tetracykliny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- zvlhčující oční kapky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Východisko: Mucinózny cystadenóm vaječníka je častý gynekologický nádor, ktorý zvyčajne nemá vážnejší prognostický dopad. Ak však nie je včas odhalený a odstránený, môže dorásť do veľkých rozmerov a spôsobiť závažné zdravotné komplikácie. Prípad: Šesťdesiatpäťročná žena bola privezená do nemocnice rýchlou zdravotnou službou pre celkovú slabosť, výrazne zväčšené brucho imponujúce ako ascites, sťažené dýchanie a opuchy predkolení s inflamovanými defektami. V laboratórnom obraze dominovali známky akútnej renálnej insuficiencie. Zobrazovacie vyšetrenia odhalili obrovskú solídno-cystickú tumoróznu masu vyplňujúcu celú abdominopelvickú dutinu, ktorá zapríčiňovala kompartment syndróm dolných končatín. Po odľahčujúcej punkcii a drenáži cysty s evakuáciou 6 l tekutiny bola realizovaná laparotómia. Celú brušnú dutinu vyplňoval objemný cystický tumor pochádzajúci z ľavého vaječníka. Počas operácie sa z neho odsalo 17 l tekutiny a po zmenšení objemu bola vykonaná adnexektómia. Bioptický resekát pozostával z nepravidelne tvarovaného, arteficiálne potrhaného multicystického nádoru najväčších rozmerov cca 60 cm. Histologicky išlo o benígny mucinózny cystadenóm. Po odstránení tumoru sa stav pacientky zlepšil a laboratórne parametre sa upravili. Záver: V našej kazuistike sme opísali raritný prípad obrovského mucinózneho cystadenomómu ovária, ktorý viedol až k život ohrozujúcemu stavu pacientky. Snažili sme sa v nej poukázať, že aj „bežný“ benígny nádor môže viesť ku klinicky malígnym následkom a jeho manažment si vyžaduje multidisciplinárny prístup.
Background: Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary is a common gynecologic tumor that usually has a very favorable prognosis. However, if it is not early detected and removed, it can grow to a large size and may cause serious health complications. Case: A 65-year-old woman was transported to the hospital by the emergency medical service due to overall weakness, markedly enlarged abdomen reminiscent of ascites, breathing difficulties, and swollen legs with eczematous ulcers. Laboratory parameters showed an acute renal insufficiency. Imaging scans revealed a giant solid cystic tumor mass filling the whole abdominopelvic cavity, which caused a compartment syndrome of the lower limbs. After relieving puncture and drainage of 6 L of fluid from the cyst, laparotomy had been performed. Grossly, the entire abdominal cavity was filled with a huge cystic tumor originating from the left ovary. During its surgical preparation, a total of 17 L of fluid was evacuated from it. Then, adnexectomy was made. A biopsy sample consisted of an irregular, artificially teared multicystic tumor about 60 cm in the largest dimension. Histology confirmed a benign mucinous cystadenoma. After tumor removal, the patient’s health condition and laboratory parameters improved. Conclusion: We described a unique case of an extremely huge ovarian mucinous cystadenoma that led to a life-threating event of the patient. We tried to point out that even a „common“ benign tumor may lead to clinically malignant consequences and its management requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Since the beginning of 2020, SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen of COVID-19, has led to a global pandemic that also affects ophthalmology. Ophthalmologists can be confronted at any time with potentially COVID-19 associated ocular symptoms or manifestations in patients and also become infected through close patient contact. Even without systemic infection, the ocular surface can come into direct contact with aerosols or liquids containing SARS-CoV-2 particles. A smear infection through hand-to-eye contact is also possible. A purely isolated ocular infection has not yet been shown. Rather, it seems that ocular complications occur in the context of a systemic infection. However, ocular symptoms can also be the first symptom of COVID-19. The most common ocular complication of COVID-19 is mild follicular conjunctivitis. Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis, dry eye disease, episcleritis, or retinal involvement can also occur less frequently. There are currently no evidence-based therapy recommendations for COVID-19 associated diseases of the ocular surface. Artificial tears might be helpful for symptom relief. There is no evidence for antiviral, antibiotic, or anti-inflammatory therapies, but these medications might be used in individual cases. Potential intraocular complications include retinal artery occlusions and haemorrhages, as well as cotton wool spots caused by complement-mediated thrombotic angiopathy. Neuro-ophthalmological complications including Miller-Fisher syndrome or infarct-related central blindness can also occur in very rare cases. Knowledge of potential transmission routes and personal protective equipment is just as essential for each ophthalmologist as a basic knowledge of potential ocular symptoms and complications.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- konjunktivitida * diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oči MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cíl: Cílem práce bylo zhodnotit změny povrchu oka a slzného filmu u pacientů s dětským (primárním nebo sekundárním) jednostranným glaukomem a porovnat nálezy na oku léčeném a na zdravém oku bez léčby. Metodika: Do studie byli zařazeni pacienti s jednostranným glaukomem sledovaní v dětské ambulanci Oční kliniky dětí a dospělých 2. LF UK a FN v Motole. Bylo provedeno vyšetření osmolarity slz, tloušťky epitelu rohovky, slzného menisku, Schirmerova testu, barvení povrchu oka pomocí fluoresceinu a hodnocení stability slzného filmu (TBUT). Ke zjištění subjektivních potíží byl použit standardizovaný dotazník (Ocular Surface Disease Index, OSDI). Byly porovnávány hodnoty na oku léčeném a na oku zdravém bez léčby. Výsledky byly uváděny jako průměrné hodnoty ± SD a byly statisticky analyzovány. Výsledky: Celkem bylo vyšetřeno 13 pacientů. Průměrný věk pacientů byl 17,2 ± 8,1 let. Na léčeném oku jsme prokázali statisticky významně nižší tloušťku epitelu rohovky (45,9 ± 5,3 µm) a kratší TBUT (6,0 ± 1,7 s) oproti hodnotám na zdravém oku (50,2 ± 2,6, resp. 8,8 ± 3,2 s; p = 0,0106, resp. p = 0,0015). Povrch léčeného oka se statisticky významně více barvil fluoresceinem (1,7 ± 2,1) než povrch zdravého oka (0,5 ± 0,8; p = 0,0243). V ostatních sledovaných parametrech jsme neprokázali rozdíl mezi léčeným okem a okem bez léčby. Závěr: Výsledky potvrzují změny povrchu oka a slzného filmu na léčeném oku, které mohou být vyvolané nežádoucími účinky chronicky podávané antiglaukomové terapie nebo i jako následek prodělaného chirurgického zákroku. Z hlediska minimalizace těchto nežádoucích účinků je vhodné věnovat v klinické praxi zvýšenou pozornost výběru léčivého přípravku, zejména s ohledem na obsah konzervačních látek.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate ocular surface and tear film in patients with pediatric (primary or secondary) unilateral glaucoma and compare results obtained from the treated eye and untreated healthy eye. Methods: Patients with unilateral pediatric glaucoma, followed in the outpatient department of the Department of Ophthalmology, Motol University Hospital, were included in this study. Tear osmolarity, corneal epithelial thickness, lower tear meniscus area, Schirmer test, corneal fluorescein staining and tear break-up time test (TBUT) were evaluated in both healthy and treated eye. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was used to establish subjective impairment. The values obtained through testing the healthy and treated eye were compared. Results: Thirteen patients met the inclusion criteria of the study. The mean age of the patients was 17.2 ± 8.1 years. There was statistically significant decrease in corneal epithelial thickness and TBUT in the treated eye (45.9 ± 5.3 µm, 6.0 ± 1.7 second resp.) compared to the healthy eye (50.2 ± 2.6 µm, 8.8 ± 3.2 second resp.; p = 0.0106, p = 0.0015 resp.). Fluorescein staining score of the ocular surface was higher in the treated eye (1.7 ± 2.1) than in the healthy eye (0.5 ± 0.8; p = 0.0243). We found no statistically significant difference in the other evaluated parameters between the treated and the healthy eyes. Conclusion: The results confirmed signs of ocular surface damage in treated eyes. The damage may be induced by chronic topical antiglaucoma therapy, but that could be a consequence of the previous ocular surgery as well. The possible damage of the ocular surface should be taken into account when selecting appropriate treatment in these patients.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glaukom * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- osmolární koncentrace MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- slzy MeSH
- syndromy suchého oka diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- zvlhčující oční kapky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to assess changes of tear film osmolarity after micro-incision 25G+ pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in a prospective study. METHODS: The group consisted of 21 patients (17 women, 4 men) with an average age of 70,52 years [48; 85]. All patients underwent 25G + PPV surgery due to a disorder of the vitreomacular interface (macular hole or epimacular membrane). Only patients who did not use artificial tears before the surgery and who had not been diagnosed with dry eye syndrome at ours or another institution were included in the study. Except cataract surgery, all ocular surface diseases, intraocular diseases, trauma or surgery were exclusion criterias. Tear film osmolarity was measured in both eyes in every patient before surgery, 10 days after surgery and 30 days after surgery. A paired test was used for statistical evaluation. RESULTS: No statistically significant change in osmolarity was found in the operated eyes (p > 0.05). No statistically significant changes in time (p > 0.05) were found when both eyes were compared. There were no postoperative complications or failure to observe the study protocol. CONCLUSION: Micro-incision 25G + PPV does not affect the osmolarity of the tear film.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osmolární koncentrace MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- slzy MeSH
- syndromy suchého oka * MeSH
- vitrektomie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
We report a case of lamellar ichthyosis and sight-threatening complications of cicatricial ectropion in an adult male patient which was surgically managed with tectonic penetrating keratoplasty. We present a case of autosomal-recessive lamellar ichthyosis in a 47-year-old man who was referred to our outpatient eye clinic for treatment of primary keratouveitis of the right eye with keratolysis and exudation in the anterior chamber. A diagnosis of cicatricial ectropion with serious lagophthalmos was established on examination. The patient underwent tectonic penetrating keratoplasty, cataract extraction, and intra-ocular lens placement with no perioperative complications. The patient was subsequently treated with oral fluconazole 200 mg once daily for 12 days due to a positive fungal culture for Candida albicans and systemic oral acyclovir 250 mg 3 times per day for 12 days as prophylaxis for a labial herpetic infection. Post-operative complications included corneal rejection and nonhealing neurotropic epithelial defect of the graft. Long-term treatment with topical cyclosporine (Ikervis®) and dexamethasone led to resolution of the corneal rejection. Lubrication with artificial tears containing hyaluronic acid, perfluorohexyl octane (Evotears®), and vitamin A ointment led to symptomatic relief of dry eye disease. The patient was referred to a dermatologist and was started on systemic retinoid acitretin at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg per day. Ten months after surgery, the patient's visual acuity was 0.1 based on the Snellen chart and the corneal graft was stable. Infection in the cornea can rapidly progress to corneal melting in patients with severe cicatricial ectropion. A good patient outcome depends on the interdisciplinary approach to patient management by the ophthalmologist, dermatologist, and plastic surgeon.
- MeSH
- ektropion etiologie patologie terapie MeSH
- lamelární ichtyóza komplikace patologie terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Výskyt syndromu suchého oka je v oftalmologické praxi častý. Terapeutický postup závisí na příčinách choroby. Léčba je obvykle zahajována aplikací umělých slz. Autoři diskutují aktuální diagnostické a terapeutické možnosti.
Dry eye syndrome is a common ocular disease. Treatment depends on the underlaying cause. Arteficial tears are the usual first line treatment. New tools available to help diagnose the presence of this syndrome and innovative therapeutic trends are discussed.
- MeSH
- barvení a značení metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie atomárních sil metody MeSH
- nemoci slzného ústrojí chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování komplikace MeSH
- slzné ústrojí * anatomie a histologie patofyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- slzy fyziologie MeSH
- syndromy suchého oka * diagnóza patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- zvlhčující oční kapky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
This work concerns the chemical modification of medium molecular weight hyaluronan for ophthalmic applications. The synthesis of amphiphilic HA with dodecanoyl moities was carried out under mild aqueous conditions. Perfect control of the degree of substitution was obtained by varying the molar ratio of activated fatty acid used in the reaction feed. Moreover, the preparation of the derivatives was optimized to achieve the desired degree of substitution (DS = 9.0 ± 0.2 %). The prepared hyaluronan derivatives were water-soluble and exhibited self-associating properties (amphiphilicity). The structure of the prepared derivatives was elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, rheology, turbidity, SEC-MALLS, and gas chromatography (GC). The hydrophobic moieties increase the solution viscosity by physical crosslinking. Low concentration of HAC12 is needed to prepare highly viscous solutions with potential use for ophthalmic applications. Amphiphilic HA kept the biocompatibility of hyaluronan. The degree of substitution and Mw of the amphiphilic HA controls the sterilization by filtration. The protection against desiccation was tested using human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells lines.
- MeSH
- buněčné linie keratinocytů HaCaT MeSH
- buňky NIH 3T3 MeSH
- hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová chemie MeSH
- kyseliny laurové chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulová hmotnost MeSH
- muciny chemie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- povrchové napětí účinky léků MeSH
- příprava léků metody MeSH
- reologie metody MeSH
- syndromy suchého oka farmakoterapie MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- viskozita účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- zvlhčující oční kapky chemie farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex multifactorial disease that affects an increasing number of patients worldwide. Close to 30% of the population has experienced dry eye (DE) symptoms and presented with some signs of the disease during their lifetime. The significant heterogeneity in the medical background of patients with DEs and in their sensitivity to symptoms renders a clear understanding of DED complicated. It has become evident over the past few years that DED results from an impairment of the ocular surface homeostasis. Hence, a holistic treatment approach that concomitantly addresses the different mechanisms that result in the destabilization of the tear film (TF) and the ocular surface would be appropriate. The goal of the present review is to compile the different types of scientific evidence (from in silico modeling to clinical trials) that help explain the mechanism of action of cationic emulsion (CE)-based eye drop technology for the treatment of both the signs and the symptoms of DED. These CE-based artificial tear (AT) eye drops designed to mimic, from a functional point of view, a healthy TF contribute to the restoration of a healthy ocular surface environment and TF that leads to a better management of DE patients. The CE-based AT eye drops help restore the ocular surface homeostasis in patients who have unstable TF or no tears.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- emulze chemie farmakologie MeSH
- homeostáza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oči - fyziologické jevy účinky léků MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti účinky léků MeSH
- slzy fyziologie MeSH
- syndromy suchého oka farmakoterapie MeSH
- zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zvlhčující oční kapky aplikace a dávkování chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH