• MeSH
• chování zvířat MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• učení MeSH
• zvuk MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• chování MeSH
• evokované potenciály MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• mozková kůra fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH

• MeSH
• akustická stimulace MeSH
• chování zvířat MeSH
• hipokampus fyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• pátrací chování MeSH
• sluchové evokované potenciály MeSH
• sluchový práh MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Práce je věnována zpřesňování norem pro Paměťový test učení u dětí ve věku 9–14 let. Autoři prezentují normy získané na souboru 550 pražských dětí, zvlášť pro chlapce a dívky, údaje o druhu chyb, percentilové normy a korelace k vybraným parametrům.

Paper presents norms for Auditory Verbal Learning test in children 9-14 years old. Data have been collected in Prague sample (N = 550) of boys and girls. Categories of errors, percentile norms and correlations to selected parametres are also presented.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy normy   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• paměť MeSH
• učení MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal, dominantly inherited, neurodegenerative disease. The main clinical features are motor impairment, progressive cognitive deterioration and behavioral changes. The aim of our study was to find out whether patients with HD suffer from disorders of the auditory system. METHODS: A group of 17 genetically verified patients (11 males, 6 females) with various stages of HD (examined by UHDRS - motor part and total functional capacity, MMSE for cognitive functions) underwent an audiological examination (high frequency pure tone audiometry, otoacoustic emissions, speech audiometry, speech audiometry in babble noise, auditory brainstem responses). Additionally, 5 patients underwent a more extensive audiological examination, focused on central auditory processing. The results were compared with a group of age-matched healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Our results show that HD patients have physiologic hearing thresholds, otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses; however, they display a significant decrease in speech understanding, especially under demanding conditions (speech in noise) compared to age-matched controls. Additional auditory tests also show deficits in sound source localization, based on temporal and intensity cues. We also observed a statistically significant correlation between the perception of speech in noise, and motoric and cognitive functions. However, a correlation between genetic predisposition (number of triplets) and function of inner ear was not found. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that HD negatively influences the function of the central part of the auditory system at cortical and subcortical levels, altering predominantly speech processing and sound source lateralization. SIGNIFICANCE: We have thoroughly characterized auditory pathology in patients with HD that suggests involvement of central auditory and cognitive areas.

• MeSH
• audiometrie slovní metody   MeSH
• centrální nedoslýchavost diagnóza   etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Huntingtonova nemoc komplikace   diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• percepce řeči fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sluchové kmenové evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• sluchový práh fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Presbycusis, as the deterioration of hearing ability occurring with aging, can be manifested not only in a shift of hearing thresholds, but also in a deterioration of the temporal processing of acoustical signals, which may in elderly people result in degraded speech comprehension. In this study we assessed the age-related changes in the temporal processing of acoustical signals in the auditory system of pigmented rats (Long Evans strain). The temporal resolution was investigated in young adult (3-4 months) and old (30-34 months) rats by behavioral and electrophysiological methods: the rats' ability to detect and discriminate gaps in a continuous noise was examined behaviorally, and the amplitude-rate function was assessed for the middle latency response (MLR) to clicks. A worsening of the temporal resolution with aging was observed in the results of all tests. The values of the gap detection threshold (GDT) and the gap duration difference limen (GDDL) in old rats increased about two-fold in comparison with young adult rats. The MLR to a click train in old rats exhibited a significantly faster reduction in amplitude with an increasing stimulation rate in comparison with young adult rats. None of the age-related changes in the parameters characterizing temporal resolution (GDT, GDDL and MLR to a click train) correlated with the degree of the age-related hearing loss. However, the age-related changes in MLR amplitude-rate function correlated with the age-related changes in GDDL, but not with the changes in GDT. The behavioral and electrophysiological data clearly show that aging in rats is accompanied with a pronounced deficit in the temporal processing of acoustical signals that is associated with the deteriorated function of the central auditory system.

• MeSH
• akustická stimulace MeSH
• diskriminační učení MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• potkani Long-Evans MeSH
• presbyakuze patofyziologie   MeSH
• sluchové evokované potenciály MeSH
• sluchový práh fyziologie   MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Although scientists agree that replications are critical to the debate on the validity of religious priming research, religious priming replications are scarce. This paper attempts to replicate and extend previously observed effects of religious priming on ethical behavior. We test the effect of religious instrumental music on individuals' ethical behavior with university participants (N = 408) in the Czech Republic, Japan, and the US. Participants were randomly assigned to listen to one of three musical tracks (religious, secular, or white noise) or to no music (control) for the duration of a decision-making game. Participants were asked to indicate which side of a vertically-bisected computer screen contained more dots and, in every trial, indicating that the right side of the screen had more dots earned participants the most money (irrespective of the number of dots). Therefore, participants were able to report dishonestly to earn more money. In agreement with previous research, we did not observe any main effects of condition. However, we were unable to replicate a moderating effect of self-reported religiosity on the effects of religious music on ethical behavior. Nevertheless, further analyses revealed moderating effects for ritual participation and declared religious affiliation congruent with the musical prime. That is, participants affiliated with a religious organization and taking part in rituals cheated significantly less than their peers when listening to religious music. We also observed significant differences in cheating behavior across samples. On average, US participants cheated the most and Czech participants cheated the least. We conclude that normative conduct is, in part, learned through active membership in religious communities and our findings provide further support for religious music as a subtle, moral cue.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hudba * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mravy * MeSH
• náboženství * MeSH
• podněty MeSH
• rozhodování etika   MeSH
• srovnání kultur MeSH
• videohry etika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Japonsko MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

• MeSH
• chování MeSH
• evokované potenciály MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
• psychofyziologie MeSH
• sluch MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

AUT00063 and AUT00202 are novel pharmaceutical modulators of the Kv3 subfamily of voltage-gated K+ channels. Kv3.1 channels, which control fast firing of many central auditory neurons, have been shown to decline with age and this may contribute to age-related deficits in central auditory processing. In the present study, the effects of the two novel compounds that specifically modulate Kv3 channels on auditory temporal processing were examined in aged (19-25-month-old) and young-adult (3-5 month-old) Fischer 344 rats (F344) using a behavioral gap-prepulse inhibition (gap-PPI) paradigm. The acoustic startle response (ASR) and its inhibition induced by a gap in noise were measured before and after drug administration. Hearing thresholds in tested rats were evaluated by the auditory brainstem response (ABR). Aged F344 rats had significantly higher ABR thresholds, lower amplitudes of ASR, and weaker gap-PPI compared with young-adult rats. No influence of AUT00063 and AUT00202 administration was observed on ABR hearing thresholds in rats of both age groups. AUT00063 and AUT00202 had suppressive effect on ASR of F344 rats that was more pronounced with AUT00063. The degree of suppression depended on the dose and age of the rats. Both compounds significantly improved the gap-PPI performance in gap detection tests in aged rats. These results indicate that AUT00063 and AUT00202 may influence intrinsic firing properties of neurons in the central auditory system of aged animals and have the potential to treat aged-related hearing disorders.

• MeSH
• akustická stimulace MeSH
• draslíkové kanály Shaw MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• potkani inbrední F344 MeSH
• prepulsní inhibice MeSH
• sluchová percepce * MeSH
• sluchové kmenové evokované potenciály * MeSH
• sluchový práh MeSH
• úleková reakce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mezencefalon fyziologie   MeSH
• pons fyziologie   MeSH
• retikulární formace fyziologie   MeSH
• sluchová dráha fyziologie   MeSH
• sluchová percepce genetika   MeSH
• sluchové evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH