Digitální zdraví je fenomén, který odstartoval změny v poskytování zdravotní péče a v medicínské praxi. Digitalizace a demokratizace zdravotnictví usnadňuje tuto technologickou a kulturní transformaci zdravotní péče. Digitální zdraví iniciuje a umožňuje rozvoj „e-pacientů“, kteří mají přístup k informacím, lékařským znalostem a vlastním zdravotním údajům, které před digitální érou nebylo možné získat. Online vyhledávaná témata jsou různorodá a zahrnují především informace o nemocech, výživě, léčbě, fyzickém a duševním zdraví. Kromě poskytování medicínských informací internet pacientům nabízí zdroje sociální podpory a pomáhá jim v jejich pokusech porozumět svým zážitkům s nemocí. Role ve vztahu lékař-pacient se mění, stále více se zdůrazňuje participace pacienta na zdravotní péči, včetně pacientského rozhodování. Se vznikem e-pacientů se od lékařů vyžaduje biopsychosociálně-digitální přístup. Již dnes a v blízké budoucnosti budou muset lékaři plnit složitější úkoly spojené se zdravotní informační technologií, pomáhat s digitální orientací pacientů a filtrovat pro ně informace. Lékaři a tvůrci politik mají obrovskou odpovědnost za zapojení pacientů jako partnerů při navrhování zdravotní péče, rozhodování či jejich vedení při používání digitálních zdravotnických technologií.

Digital health is a phenomenon that has started changes in providing of health care and medical practice. The digitalization and democratization of healthcare facilitate this technological and cultural transformation of healthcare. Digital health initiates and enables the development of“e-patients” who have access to information, medical knowledge and their own health data that were not available before the digital era. The topics searched online are diverse and mainly include information about diseases, nutrition, treatment, physical and mental health. In addition to providing medical information, the Internet offers patients sources of social support and assists them in their attempts to understand their illness experiences. The role in the physician–patient relationship is changing, the patient's participation in health care, including patient decision-making, is increasingly emphasized. With the emergence of e-patients, a biopsychosocial-digital approach is required from physicians. Already today and in the near future, physicians will have to perform more complex tasks associated with health information technology, help with the digital orientation of patients and filter information for them. Physicians and policymakers have a huge responsibility in engaging patients as partners in health care design and decision-making or guidance in the use of digital health technologies.

• MeSH
• digitální zdraví MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• telemedicína * MeSH
• vztahy mezi lékařem a pacientem * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Feeding the world's future population while still facing a variety of socioeconomic and climate change scenarios with uncertain outcomes is a key global societal concern that should be addressed in a science-based manner. Ethiopia boasts a great diversity of wild edible plant species (WEPS), but millions of its citizens still suffer from chronic hunger every year. In this context, we here document the use and conservation of WEPS in the Awi Agäw community, Northwestern Ethiopia. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study from October 2021 to June 2022. Ethnobotanical and conservation status data were collected via semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, field walks and market surveys. A total of 374 respondents from three districts (Guangua, Jawi and Ankasha) were purposely selected for the study. Descriptive statistics, including preference rankings, frequencies and direct matrix rankings, were employed for the data analysis. RESULTS: We identified a total of 39 WEPS plant taxa distributed among 26 families and 32 genera. The Moraceae and Rosaceae had the greatest numbers of plants, with five and three species, respectively. The WEPS are regularly consumed in the study area to alleviate hunger. However, threats such as habitat loss, agricultural expansion, deforestation for firewood and other reasons, and pesticide use threaten WEPS availability. CONCLUSION: Therefore, community-based conservation interventions need to be encouraged to safeguard WEPS and associated traditional knowledge. Furthermore, nutritional quality analysis is recommended for the selection of promising WEPS candidates.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• etnobotanika * MeSH
• jedlé rostliny * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Etiopie MeSH

Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne disease that has a considerable impact on human and animal health, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The intermediate hosts of the schistosome parasites are freshwater snails of the genera Biomphalaria Preston, 1910 and Bulinus Müller, 1781. In order to identify existing gaps in the spread of the disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this study compiled the available knowledge of the distribution, population dynamics and ecology of the intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Scopus for all malacological studies on schistosoma intermediate hosts in DRC published between 1927 and October 2022. A total of 55 records were found, of which 31 met the inclusion criteria: these were published field and experimental studies conducted in the DRC and focused on snails as intermediate hosts of schistosomes. The analysis of these studies revealed that more up-to-date data on the distribution of snail intermediate hosts in the DRC are needed. Moreover, ecological factors have been less studied for Bulinus species than for Biomphalaria species. These factors play a crucial role in determining suitable snail habitats, and the lack of comprehensive information poses a challenge in snail control. This review makes it clear that there are no current malacological data in the DRC. There is a clear need for molecular and ecological research to update the exact species status and population dynamics of all potential intermediate host species. This will facilitate targeted snail control measures that complement drug treatment in the control of schistosomiasis in the country.

• MeSH
• Biomphalaria * parazitologie   MeSH
• Bulinus parazitologie   MeSH
• hlemýždi parazitologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Schistosoma fyziologie   MeSH
• schistosomóza * epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Konžská demokratická republika MeSH

Ethiopia increased the availability of latrines notably, but the sanitation facilities rarely meet hygienic standards. Therefore, the market-based sanitation (MBS) programme has been implemented across the country for nearly a decade to expand the market and boost the demand for hygienic sanitation products and services. While it does not seem that the MBS would bring any notable change in sanitation conditions so far, its implementation challenges are not adequately understood. To address this gap, this article delves into the grassroots-level implementation of MBS in the Wolaita zone. The study relies on qualitative data gathered through interviews with various stakeholders, examining both demand- and supply-side challenges. Some issues identified were external to MBS implementation, such as high inflation and an unstable political and security situation in Ethiopia. Additionally, the study reveals that more general deficiencies of the Ethiopian health extension program, including the stress and discouragement of local change agents (health extension workers, health development army members) due to workloads and low remuneration, have adversely impacted MBS delivery. The implementation of MBS has also not effectively addressed the affordability of hygienic sanitation products. On the supply side, economic constraints and organizational inefficiencies have hindered the development of the sanitation market, preventing it from reaching a critical mass. Our research suggests that MBS alone will not suffice to improve sanitation in Ethiopia.

• MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• sanitace * MeSH
• zdravotnický personál MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Etiopie MeSH

The Thrombotic Microangiopathy Banff Working Group (TMA-BWG) was formed in 2015 to survey current practices and develop minimum diagnostic criteria (MDC) for renal transplant TMA (Tx-TMA). To generate consensus among pathologists and nephrologists, the TMA BWG designed a 3-Phase study. Phase I of the study is presented here. Using the Delphi methodology, 23 panelists with >3 years of diagnostic experience with Tx-TMA pathology listed their MDC suggesting light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy lesions, clinical and laboratory information, and differential diagnoses. Nine rounds (R) of consensus resulted in MDC validated during two Rs using online evaluation of whole slide digital images of 37 biopsies (28 TMA, 9 non-TMA). Starting with 338 criteria the process resulted in 24 criteria and 8 differential diagnoses including 18 pathologic, 2 clinical, and 4 laboratory criteria. Results show that 3/4 of the panelists agreed on the diagnosis of 3/4 of cases. The process also allowed definition refinement for 4 light and 4 electron microscopy lesions. For the first time in Banff classification, the Delphi methodology was used to generate consensus. The study shows that Delphi is a democratic and cost-effective method allowing rapid consensus generation among numerous physicians dealing with large number of criteria in transplantation.

• MeSH
• analýza nákladů a výnosů MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• konsensus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• transplantace ledvin * MeSH
• trombotické mikroangiopatie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In this paper, we propose a health data sharing infrastructure which aims to empower a democratic health data sharing ecosystem. Our project, named Health Democratization (HD), aims at enabling seamless mobility of health data across trust boundaries through addressing structural and functional challenges of its underlying infrastructure with the core concept of data democratization. A programmatic design of an HD platform was elaborated, followed by an introduction of one of our critical designs-a "reverse onus" mechanism that aims to incentivize creditable data accessing behaviors. This scheme shows a promising prospect of enabling a democratic health data-sharing platform.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Introduction: Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Africa. Ethiopia received most of its COVID-19 vaccines through donations. The Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine is the first to be donated to Ethiopia by the COVAX facility. Healthcare workers were the priority population that received the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. However, there was no nationwide study on the safety of the vaccine in Ethiopia. This study aimed to measure the prevalence and predictors of self-reported side effects of the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine. Materials and methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design. A sample of healthcare workers who took Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine was drawn from four regions of Ethiopia; namely, Amhara, Oromia, Somali, and Southwest. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, medical anamnesis, COVID-19 related anamnesis, and COVID-19 vaccine anamnesis via telephone interview. Descriptive and inferential analyses were done. The software, IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0, was used for analyses of data. Results: Out of 384 people, 346 responded (response rate: 90.1%). Female accounted for 34.1% of the respondents. The mean age of the respondents was 31.0 years (Standard Deviation (SD) = 7.4). Nurses accounted for 43.7% of the respondents. The prevalence of at least one local- and systemic-side effect was 50.6 and 44.5%, respectively. The most frequent local- and systemic- side effect were injection site pain and headache, respectively. Both types of side effects mostly subsided in the first 3 days. A third of healthcare workers with side effects took at least one medication. Paracetamol followed by diclofenac sodium were taken by healthcare workers to overcome side effects. There was no independent predictor of local side effect. After controlling for age and chronic diseases, the odds of healthcare workers with COVID-19 like symptoms to experience systemic side effects was 1.38 (Confidence Interval (CI): 1.04-1.82) times more than that of healthcare workers without COVID-19 like symptoms. Conclusions: The prevalence of local- and systemic-side effects of the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine was modest. As the symptoms were mostly common in the first 3 days, it is preferable to monitor healthcare workers at least in the first 3 days following the administration of the vaccine.

• MeSH
• ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• zdravotnický personál MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Etiopie MeSH

Úvod: Participace je jedním z principů sociální politiky. Participace starších osob na občanském a politickém životě odráží demokratické principy a formuje se především v rámci zájmových skupin, nepolitických či politických organizací sdružujících osoby vyššího věku. Cíl: Předkládaný příspěvek se zaměřuje na analýzu způsobu participace zájmových skupin na aktivitách v rámci politiky aktivního stárnutí v obcích Moravskoslezského kraje, resp. na odhalení vztahů mezi zájmovými skupinami a obcemi. Metody: Data získaná v polostrukturovaných rozhovorech s 32 zástupci obcí byla analyzována metodou zakotvené teorie. Jako dílčí metoda analýzy byla použita metoda vytváření klastrů. Výsledky: Významnou roli hrají zájmové skupiny sdružující seniory a sdružení, jež se primárně nezaměřují na osoby vyššího věku. Spolky jsou jedním z hlavních organizátorů společenských akcí, vzdělávacích, preventivních a sportovních aktivit zaměřených na tyto osoby vyššího věku. Jsou také důležitým aktérem v oblasti mezigenerační spolupráce. Závěr: Realizace politiky aktivního stárnutí je aktuální otázkou na všech úrovních sociální politiky Evropské unie. Pro úspěch realizovaných opatření je důležitá účast jednotlivých hlavních aktérů v této oblasti. Zájmovým sdružením by měla být věnována zvláštní pozornost ze strany obcí a vyšších úrovní státní správy.

Introduction: Participation is one of the principles of social policy. The participation of the elderly in civic and political life reflects democratic principles and is formed primarily within the interests of interest groups, non-political or political organizations associated with older people. Objectives: This paper focuses on analysing the method of participation of interest groups in the activities of implementing the policy of active aging in the municipalities of the Moravian-Silesian Region, and on revealing the relationships between interest groups and municipalities. Methods: The data obtained in semi-structured interviews with 32 representatives of municipalities was analysed according to grounded theory. As a partial method of analysis, the method of creating clusters was used. Results: There is an important role for interest groups associating the elderly, as well as other interest groups which are not focused on only on the elderly, in the implementation of active ageing policies. Associations are one of the main organizers of social events, educational, preventive, and sports activities aimed at the elderly. They are also an important player in the field of intergenerational cooperation. Conclusions: The implementation of the policy of active aging is an issue at all levels of social policy in the European Union. The participation of main actors in this area is important for the success of the implemented measures. Associations should be given special attention by municipalities and higher levels of government.

• Klíčová slova
• Moravskoslezský kraj (Česko),
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• místní státní správa MeSH
• politický aktivismus MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• účast komunity * MeSH
• veřejné mínění MeSH
• zdravé stárnutí * MeSH
• zdravotní politika MeSH
• zdravotnické plány - realizace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Medicinal plants have been used for ages in Ethiopia. Some 887 plant species have been documented to heal human and livestock health problems. Documenting the traditional use of medicinal plants is a vital step in obtaining information on bioactive chemicals, preserving indigenous knowledge and ultimately interesting, medicinal plant species. We conducted this study with the aim of documenting the ethnobotanical knowledge associated with medicinal plant use in Adwa District, Northern Ethiopia. METHODS: The study was conducted from September 2018 to December 2019. A total of 393 informants (242 males and 151 females) were selected. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, guided walks and group discussions. We calculated informant consensus factors (ICF) and fidelity level (FL) and performed ranking and paired comparisons. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, including independent sample t test and ANOVA. RESULTS: Overall, we documented 127 medicinal plants belonging to 105 genera, under 54 families to be used by local people to address 43 human and 15 livestock ailments. Families Fabaceae and Solanaceae were the most important ones with 11 (8.66%) species each. Herbs were the dominant growth form (55 species), followed by shrubs (39). The most frequently used plant parts were leaves (24.27%) followed by roots (14%). The most important preparation method was crushing and pounding (42.7%) followed by fumigation (smoke and vapour) (23, 11.1%). The common route of administration was via skin application (67 or 32%) followed by oral (63, 27%). ICF showed that tonsillitis had the higher value (0.95). Cucumis ficifolius A. Rich. was the most preferred medicinal plant (36) treating abdominal pain, followed by Kalanchoe quartiniana A. Rich. for blackleg (34). CONCLUSIONS: Adwa District is relatively rich in medicinal plant diversity and traditional knowledge on use, preparation and application of the medicinal flora. However, agricultural expansion (51%), overgrazing (43%) and drought (37%) were mentioned most when informants were asked about the threats to medicinal plants in Adwa District. Hence, on-site and off-site medicinal plant conservation would help protect medicinal plants in the district.

• MeSH
• etnobotanika MeSH
• fytoterapie MeSH
• léčivé rostliny * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• tradiční africká medicína MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Etiopie MeSH