• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• fagocytóza účinky záření   MeSH
• imunita účinky záření   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• cyklofosfamid MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádory plic farmakoterapie   MeSH
• slezina cytologie   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH

V diagnostice řady autoimunitních onemocnění pomocí autoprotilátek patří metody nepřímé fluorescence (IIFA) stále mezi nenahraditelné scre- eningové metody první volby. Stanovení koncentrace autoprotilátek touto metodou se provádí titrací. Dosud neexistuje jednoznačný konsensus jaký základní screeningový titr použít pro jednotlivé autoprotilátkové specifičnosti a jak a kdy titrovat pozitivní pacientská séra. V našem článku navrhujeme efektivní způsob screeningu a stanovení koncentrace autoprotilátek metodami IIFA za využití dostupných standardních sér.

Indirect immunofluorescence assays (IIFA) belong still among irreplaceable methods of the first choice in the diagnostics of ma ny autoimmune diseases using autoantibodies. Titration is applied for autoantibody quantification using this method. There is no definite con sensus which basic screening titer should be used for detection of particular autoantibodies' specificities and when positive patients' sera shoul d be titrated as yet. We suggest effective screening and determination of autoantibodies using IIFA and available standard sera in our article.

• Klíčová slova
• standardizace stanovení, ANA, ICA,
• MeSH
• antinukleární protilátky analýza   MeSH
• autoprotilátky analýza   imunologie   MeSH
• beta-buňky imunologie   MeSH
• fluorescenční protilátková technika nepřímá metody   využití   MeSH

Background: Oxidative stress is a key factor in the pathophysiology of many diseases. This study aimed to verify the antioxidant activity of selected plant phenolics in cell-based assays and determine their direct or indirect effects. Methods: The cellular antioxidant assay (CAA) assay was employed for direct scavenging assays. In the indirect approach, the influence of each test substance on the gene and protein expression and activity of selected antioxidant enzymes was observed. One assay also dealt with activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway. The overall effect of each compound was measured using a glucose oxidative stress protection assay. Results: Among the test compounds, acteoside showed the highest direct scavenging activity and no effect on the expression of antioxidant enzymes. It increased only the activity of catalase. Diplacone was less active in direct antioxidant assays but positively affected enzyme expression and catalase activity. Morusin showed no antioxidant activity in the CAA assay. Similarly, pomiferin had only mild antioxidant activity and proved rather cytotoxic. Conclusions: Of the four selected phenolics, only acteoside and diplacone demonstrated antioxidant effects in cell-based assays.

• MeSH
• antioxidační responzivní elementy MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• faktor 2 související s NF-E2 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fenoly chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• protinádorové látky chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa 1 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• antikoagulancia MeSH
• enzymy MeSH
• fibrinolýza MeSH
• protrombin MeSH

Climate is a major driver of species diversity. However, its effect can be either direct due to species physiological tolerances or indirect, whereby wetter climates facilitate more complex vegetation and consequently higher diversity due to greater resource availability. Yet, studies quantifying both direct and indirect effects of climate on multiple dimensions of diversity are rare. We used extensive data on species distributions, morphological and ecological traits, and vegetation across Australia to quantify both direct (water availability) and indirect (habitat diversity and canopy height) effects of climate on the species richness (SR), phylogenetic diversity (PD), and functional diversity (FD) of 536 species of birds. Path analyses revealed that SR increased with wetter climates through both direct and indirect effects, lending support for the influence of both physiological tolerance and vegetation complexity. However, residual PD and residual FD (adjusted for SR by null models) were poorly predicted by environmental conditions. Thus, the FD and PD of Australian birds mostly evolved in concert with SR, with the possible exception of the higher-than-expected accumulation of avian lineages in wetter and more productive areas in northern and eastern Australia (with high residual PD), permitted probably by older biome age.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• podnebí * MeSH
• ptáci fyziologie   MeSH
• rostliny MeSH
• voda * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Austrálie MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Research has well demonstrated that the pandemic entailed several implications among university students worldwide in terms of increased use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), technostress, disruptions in academic goals and motivation processes, and growing psychological suffering. Responding to the new research need to go in-depth into the processes linking technostress and motivation dimensions to inform current research/interventions, the present study aimed to explore the direct effects of perceived Technostress dimensions (Techno-Overload, Work-Home Conflict, Pace of Change, Techno-Ease, Techno-Reliability, and Techno-Sociality) and Academic Motivation dimensions (Amotivation, Intrinsic, and Extrinsic Motivation dimensions) on students' perceived levels of Anxiety/Depression and test the potential indirect effect (mediating role) of Academic Motivation dimensions in the associations between Technostress and psychological health conditions. METHODS: Overall, 1,541 students from five European countries (Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Serbia, United Kingdom) completed a survey comprising a Background Information Form, the Technostress Scale, the Academic Motivation Scale-College, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Hayes' PROCESS tool was used to test direct and indirect (mediating) effects. RESULTS: Data revealed that Techno-Overload, Work-Home Conflict, Amotivation, and Extrinsic Motivation-Introjected had a direct negative effect, whereas Techno-Ease, Techno-Reliability, Techno-Sociality, all Intrinsic Motivation dimensions, and Extrinsic Motivation-Identified had a direct protective role for students' psychological health. The significant indirect role of motivation dimensions in the associations between Technostress dimensions and Anxiety/Depression was fully supported. DISCUSSION: Findings allow gaining further insight into the pathways of relationships between technostress, motivation, and psychological health, to be used in the current phase, featured by the complete restoration of face-to-face contacts, to inform the development of tailored research and interventions, which address lights and shadows of the technology use, and which take into account the necessity to enhance its potentials yet without impairing students' motivation and psychological health.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Protons are the dominant particles both in galactic cosmic rays and in solar particle events and, furthermore, proton irradiation becomes increasingly used in tumour treatment. It is believed that complex DNA damage is the determining factor for the consequent cellular response to radiation. DNA plasmid pBR322 was irradiated at U120-M cyclotron with 30 MeV protons and treated with two Escherichia coli base excision repair enzymes. The yields of SSBs and DSBs were analysed using agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA has been irradiated in the presence of hydroxyl radical scavenger (coumarin-3-carboxylic acid) in order to distinguish between direct and indirect damage of the biological target. Pure scavenger solution was used as a probe for measurement of induced OH· radical yields. Experimental OH· radical yield kinetics was compared with predictions computed by two theoretical models-RADAMOL and Geant4-DNA. Both approaches use Geant4-DNA for description of physical stages of radiation action, and then each of them applies a distinct model for description of the pre-chemical and chemical stage.

• MeSH
• DNA chemie   účinky záření   MeSH
• hydroxylový radikál chemie   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• kumariny chemie   MeSH
• oprava DNA genetika   MeSH
• plazmidy chemie   genetika   MeSH
• poškození DNA účinky záření   MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli metabolismus   MeSH
• protony * MeSH
• vztah dávky záření a odpovědi MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• AMP cyklický MeSH
• kolagen biosyntéza   MeSH
• proteiny MeSH
• proteosyntéza MeSH

Million of acres of U.S. wildlands are sprayed with herbicides to control invasive species, but relatively little is known about non-target effects of herbicide use. We combined greenhouse, field, and laboratory experiments involving the invasive forb spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) and native bunchgrasses to assess direct and indirect effects of the forb-specific herbicide picloram on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are beneficial soil fungi that colonize most plants. Picloram had no effect on bunchgrass viability and their associated AMF in the greenhouse, but killed spotted knapweed and reduced AMF colonization of a subsequent host grown. Results were similar in the field where AMF abundance in bunchgrass-dominated plots was unaffected by herbicides one year after spraying based on 16:1ω5 phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) concentrations. In spotted-knapweed-dominated plots, however, picloram application shifted dominance from spotted knapweed, a good AMF host, to bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa), a poor AMF host. This coincided with a 63% reduction in soil 16:1ω5 NLFA concentrations but no reduction of 16:1ω5 PLFA. Because 16:1ω5 NLFA quantifies AMF storage lipids and 16:1ω5 PLFA occurs in AMF membrane lipids, we speculate that the herbicide-mediated reduction in host quality reduced fungal carbon storage, but not necessarily fungal abundance after one year in the field. Overall, in greenhouse and field experiments, AMF were only affected when picloram altered host quantity and quality. This apparent lack of direct effect was supported by our in-vitro trial where picloram applied to AMF mycelia did not reduce fungal biomass and viability. We show that the herbicide picloram can have profound, indirect effects on AMF within one year. Depending on herbicide-mediated shifts in host quality, rapid interventions may be necessary post herbicide applications to prevent loss of AMF abundance. Future research should assess consequences of these potential shifts for the restoration of native plants that differ in mycorrhizal dependency.

• MeSH
• Centaurea účinky léků   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• herbicidy škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lipnicovité účinky léků   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mykorhiza účinky léků   MeSH
• pikloram škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Montana MeSH