physical inactivity
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BACKGROUND: Several scientific studies estimate the burden of physical inactivity in different countries, yet in the Czech Republic, this kind of research is still missing. This paper represents one of the first attempts to quantify the costs of physical inactivity in the Czech Republic for 2008. METHODS: The analysis, based on scientific literature review, uses the comparative risk assessment methodology and applies it on data available in the Czech Republic. RESULTS: In 2008, the financial cost of physical inactivity to public health insurance companies was almost 700 million Kc, or 0.4%, of total healthcare costs. Furthermore, physical inactivity caused 2442, or 2.3%, of all deaths in 2008 and 18,065, or 1.2%, of all disability-adjusted life years in 2004. CONCLUSIONS: The costs of physical inactivity in the Czech Republic are considerable, yet slightly smaller than in other comparable studies. The obtained results could be used as an argument for policymakers when conceiving public or private health policy.
- MeSH
- cvičení * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kvalitativně upravené roky života * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mortalita MeSH
- náklady a analýza nákladů MeSH
- náklady na zdravotní péči statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- osobní újma zaviněná nemocí * MeSH
- podpora zdraví ekonomika MeSH
- pohybová aktivita * MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- sedavý životní styl * MeSH
- veřejné zdravotnictví ekonomika MeSH
- volnočasové aktivity MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Social isolation is a growing public health concern for older adults, as it has been associated with poor health and premature mortality. On the other hand, physical inactivity and an inadequate diet are important health risk behaviours associated with physical and mental health problems. Considering that there is no research examining the possible relationship between social isolation and the above mentioned health risk behaviours of European middle-aged and older adults, this cross-sectional study aims to contribute to filling this gap. METHODS: We used data from the SHARE project (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe), wave 6 (2015), release 7.0.0 (N = 67,173 individuals from 17 European countries plus Israel). Statistical tests for a two-group comparison were carried out to assess the differences between highly socially isolated individuals and low/intermediate socially isolated ones. Logistic regressions by country were performed to examine whether social isolation is associated with physical inactivity and an inadequate diet in the population aged 50 + . RESULTS: Our results point out that, for the majority of the countries analysed, highly socially isolated individuals are more likely than low/intermediate isolated ones to be physically inactive and to consume less fruit or vegetables on a daily basis. In 9 European countries (Austria, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Greece, Belgium, Poland, Luxembourg and Estonia) highly socially isolated individuals are more likely to be physically inactive. On the other hand, in 14 European countries (Austria, Germany, Sweden, Italy, France, Denmark, Greece, Switzerland, Belgium, Czech Republic, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Estonia and Croatia), high social isolation increases the likelihood of having an inadequate diet. CONCLUSION: Highly socially isolated European middle-aged and older adults are more prone to be physically inactive and to have an inadequate diet in terms of daily consumption of fruit and vegetables. The reduced social integration, social support and companionship of the highly socially isolated individuals may explain this association. Our results reinforce the importance of social and health policies targeting highly socially isolated European individuals aged 50 + .
- MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sedavý životní styl * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sociální izolace * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Belgie MeSH
- Česká republika MeSH
- Chorvatsko MeSH
- Estonsko MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
- Francie MeSH
- Itálie MeSH
- Izrael MeSH
- Lucembursko MeSH
- Německo MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
- Rakousko MeSH
- Řecko MeSH
- Slovinsko MeSH
- Švédsko MeSH
- Švýcarsko MeSH
The miRNA-206 and miRNA-23a play an important role in muscle tissue hypertrophy, regeneration and atrophy. Both of these miRNAs have been highlighted as promising adaptation predictors; however, the available evidence on associations is inconclusive. Therefore, our aim was to assess the expression levels of these two miRNAs as predictors of change in muscle function during strength training and physical inactivity among dialysed patients. For this purpose, 46 haemodialysis patients were monitored for 12-weeks of either intradialytic strength training (EXG, n = 20) or physical inactivity during dialysis (CON, n = 26). In both groups of patients, we assessed the baseline expression levels of miRNA-23a and miRNA-206 and the isometric force generated during hip flexion (HF) contraction before and after the 12-week period. Among the EXG group, the expression of miRNA-206 predicted the change in HF (R2 = 0.63, p = 0.0005) much more strongly than the expression of miRNA-23a (R2 = 0.21, p = 0.027). Interestingly, baseline miRNA-23a (R2 = 0.30, p = 0.006) predicted the change in HF much more than miRNA-206 (p = ns) among the CON group. Our study indicates that the baseline expression of miRNA-206 could predict the response to strength training, while miRNA-23a could serve as a potential predictive marker of functional changes during physical inactivity in dialysis patients.
- MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- dialýza ledvin metody MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat * MeSH
- kosterní svaly metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikro RNA analýza genetika MeSH
- odporový trénink * MeSH
- sedavý životní styl * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Bylo prokázáno, že tělesná inaktivita je samostatným rizikovým faktorem, jehož důsledky se promítají do příčin řady chronických onemocnění. Byla proto ve studii WHO 1996 zařazena na 7. místo z 10 nejzávažnějších rizikových faktorů celkové mortality. Řada posledních studií ukázala, že pro její predikci lze použít jak množství či intenzitu pohybové aktivity (PA), to znamená určitou formu chování, tak i stupeň adaptace na tělesnou zátěž, tj. tělesnou zdatnost (TZ), která však má i dědičnou složku. Není dosud jednoty v názorech, jaký stupeň TZ a jaký druh, množství, intenzita i frekvence PA jsou nutné, aby se působení projevilo. Je však jisté, že PA, která může úmrtnost i nemocnost ovlivnit, se musí pěstovat dlouhodobě a měla by mít určitou minimální intenzitu i objem. Závěry řady dlouhodobých studií doporučují intenzitu PA v rozsahu 5-6 jednotek MET, jiné jako účinný uvádějí výdej energie od 1500 kcal za týden výše, což znamená ujít asi 24 km týdně rychlostí 5-6 km/h. Jako hlavní formu aktivity doporučují vytrvalostní aerobní výkony ve formě rychlé chůze.Důsledkem pravidelné PA je vyšší TZ, která snižuje nebezpečí působení rizikových faktorů, jako je kouření, hypertenze, vyšší hodnota cholesterolu i pozitivní rodinná anamnéza. Prokazatelné prodloužení života se pohybuje u dlouhodobě aktivních okolo 2 roků. Většina autorů se však domnívá, že nejde o přímý vliv, ale o ochranu proti předčasnému úmrtí, kterou vyšší aktivita a získaná tělesná zdatnost poskytuje.
Physical inactivity has been shown as an independent risk factor, whose consequences can be manifested in several chronic disease. In the WHO study Global Burden of Disease it holds the seventh place of ten main risk factors of human mortality and disability. Conversely physical activity and physical fitness is inversely associated with all-cause mortality and morbidity from several chronic diseases. As predictor of all-cause mortality physical fitness, expressed as maximal oxygen uptake, or physical activity as energy output can be used. But there is not agreement on the form, intensity, frequency of recommended optimal physical activity. Suggestions oscillate between low leisure time activity such as family walking, golf or gardening to exact by calculated prescriptions expressed in physical units. From a large number of epidemiological studies it could be established, that physical activity, which can really influence the morbidity, must be long-term and of certain known intensity and quantity As the most prevalent recommendation the following can be mentioned: Aerobic exercise at a level of 50-70% of the maximal heart rate, intensity of 5-6 METs with 1500 kcal energy output per week. This quantity of work represents a 24km walk at a speed of 5-6 km/h. Long-term observation studies calculate the survival benefits of about two years in initially healthy men who expended 2000 kcal per week and 1-6 years in those with a 1500 kcal expenditure.
Acta physiologica Scandinavica ; vol. 146 Supplementum 609
44 s. : grafy, tab. ; 24 cm
BACKGROUND: An optimal level of physical activity (PA) in adolescence influences the level of PA in adulthood. Although PA declines with age have been demonstrated repeatedly, few studies have been carried out on secular trends. The present study assessed levels, types and secular trends of PA and sedentary behaviour of a sample of adolescents in the Czech Republic. METHODS: The study comprised two cross-sectional cohorts of adolescents ten years apart. The analysis compared data collected through a week-long monitoring of adolescents' PA in 1998-2000 and 2008-2010. Adolescents wore either Yamax SW-701 or Omron HJ-105 pedometer continuously for 7 days (at least 10 hours per day) excluding sleeping, hygiene and bathing. They also recorded their number of steps per day, the type and duration of PA and sedentary behaviour (in minutes) on record sheets. In total, 902 adolescents (410 boys; 492 girls) aged 14-18 were eligible for analysis. RESULTS: Overweight and obesity in Czech adolescents participating in this study increased from 5.5% (older cohort, 1998-2000) to 10.4% (younger cohort, 2008-2010). There were no inter-cohort significant changes in the total amount of sedentary behaviour in boys. However in girls, on weekdays, there was a significant increase in the total duration of sedentary behaviour of the younger cohort (2008-2010) compared with the older one (1998-2000). Studying and screen time (television and computer) were among the main sedentary behaviours in Czech adolescents. The types of sedentary behaviour also changed: watching TV (1998-2000) was replaced by time spent on computers (2008-2010).The Czech health-related criterion (achieving 11,000 steps per day) decreased only in boys from 68% (1998-2000) to 55% (2008-2010). Across both genders, 55%-75% of Czech adolescents met the health-related criterion of recommended steps per day, however less participants in the younger cohort (2008-2010) met this criterion than in the older cohort (1998-2000) ten years ago. Adolescents' PA levels for the monitored periods of 1998-2000 and 2008-2010 suggest a secular decrease in the weekly number of steps achieved by adolescent boys and girls. CONCLUSION: In the younger cohort (2008-2010), every tenth adolescent was either overweight or obese; roughly twice the rate when compared to the older cohort (1998-2000). Sedentary behaviour seems relatively stable across the two cohorts as the increased time that the younger cohort (2008-2010) spent on computers is compensated with an equally decreased time spent watching TV or studying. Across both cohorts about half to three quarters of the adolescents met the health-related criterion for achieved number of steps. The findings show a secular decrease in PA amongst adolescents. The significant interaction effects (cohort × age; and cohort × gender) that this study found suggested that secular trends in PA differ by age and gender.
- MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nadváha epidemiologie MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sedavý životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
